Autumn garden

Qiuxiapu, another representative of classical garden art in southern China, is generally considered to be the qiuxiapu built in the Southern Song Dynasty. It is also one of the five major gardens in Shanghai. It is loved by the majority of tourists for its exquisite layout, elegant environment and small and exquisite features. The architectural style of "see the big from the small", twists and turns have attracted the majority of architects to study.

Autumn garden

Qiuxiapu, another representative of classical garden art in southern China, is generally considered to be the qiuxiapu built in the Southern Song Dynasty. It is also one of the five major gardens in Shanghai. It is loved by the majority of tourists for its exquisite layout, elegant environment and small and exquisite features. The architectural style of "see the big from the small", twists and turns have attracted the majority of architects to study.

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brief introduction

Qiuxiapu is a famous classical garden in South China. It is located in the East Street of Jiading town, Jiading District, Shanghai. It is adjacent to Qiuxia apartment in the East, luyanshao art academy in the west, East Street in the South and Qiliang road in the north. Autumn garden is a unique style of the Ming Dynasty garden, from three private gardens in the Ming Dynasty Gong Shiyuan, Shen's garden, Jinshi garden and Yi Temple (Town God's Temple) combined, the entire park area of 45.36 acres. The park is divided into four scenic spots: taohuatan scenic spot (formerly Gong's garden), ningxiage scenic spot (formerly Shen's garden), qingjingtang scenic spot (formerly Jin's garden) and Yimiao scenic spot. The layout of Qiuxia garden is exquisite, the environment is elegant, small and exquisite, and the scenery and color change little. It seems to be covered with a light autumn, which makes people full of poetic reverie.

Qiu Xia garden and Songjiang intoxicated pond, Shanghai Yu Garden, Nanxiang ancient Yi Yuan and Qingpu Qu Shui garden are also known as the five classical gardens in Shanghai. Most of the gardens in the park were built in the Ming Dynasty, while the Yichang temple can be traced back to the Song Dynasty. If it is estimated according to the initial construction time of the part of the Yichang temple, it can be regarded as the oldest garden in the five main gardens.

characteristic

If you look at Qiuxia garden, the scenery and color change little. It seems to be covered with a light autumn, full of poetic reverie.

The whole park has a compact layout, winning by craftsmanship, with pavilions and pavilions, Huachi winding path, luxuriant forest and bamboo, low hurdle slab bridge, broken bank drip spring, rockery and strange cave.

There is a garden in the garden and a scenery outside the garden. The mountains have the beauty of hills and valleys, and the water has a deep victory. The mountains and forests are close to each other, representing the world. Therefore, it has the reputation of "City mountain forest".

It is a masterpiece of gardens in Ming Dynasty and a classic garden in Jiangnan. The Town God's Temple main hall of the Yilin Temple scenic spot is the Shanghai Folk Culture Expo Center, with the "Shanghai customs custom portrait" showroom.

Historical evolution

Gong's garden

It is difficult to check the exact date when Gong's garden was first built. If Gong Tianding founded Beifu Academy in the city, it can be traced back to the late Southern Song Dynasty; if Gong Hongshi, the nephew of Gong Tianding, built it, it may be after Gong Hong passed the imperial examination in 1478, or it may be when Gong Hong resigned and returned to his hometown for 13 years in 1502. Gong Hongguan was the Minister of the Ministry of industry for a time. Although Gong's garden was founded by Gong's ancestors, it was gong Hong who completed it. He died in 1526, which was the lower limit of Gong's garden.

In the Jiajing period, Gong Hong's great grandson Gong Minqing was defeated. In 1555, he sold the garden to Wang, a salt merchant in Huizhou. In 1573, the first year of Wanli, his son xijue won the local examination, and Wang returned the house to the owner.

In 1645, Jiading was slaughtered three times by the Qing army. The descendants of Gong family, Gong sunyao, Gong Yongyuan and Gong Yongguang, took part in the anti Qing struggle led by Hou dongzeng and Huang Chunyao. After the city was broken, they sacrificed their lives, and the Gong family was in decline. There were only two dangerous walls left in the house. Later, the homestead and the back garden were developed into Qiuxia garden by Wang's descendants, commonly known as Wang's garden. There are ten sceneries in the garden, such as songfengling, yingyudi, hanxiangshi, baiwutai, suihanjing, chenyunshi, shuyuzhai, taohuatan, tiqingdu, saxuelang, etc.

Qing Yong Zheng four years (AD 1726) Wangjia donated the garden to Town God's Temple for Ling Yuan. In the twenty-four years of Qianlong (AD 1759), Shen's garden in the East was also merged into Town God's Temple by Shen Shi and merged with Qiu Xia Pu to become Town God's Temple's back garden. Many of the existing buildings were rebuilt after the first year of tongzhi (1862 AD).

Yuanyi Temple

The Yimiao temple was first built in the Jiading period of Song Dynasty (1208-1224 A.D.), the former site was at fuanfang (now the site of lijianlong), Nanmen, and it was moved here in the third year of Hongwu Period of Ming Dynasty (1370 A.D.).

Shen's garden

Shen's garden is located in the east of Gong's garden. It was built by Shen Hongzheng, a scholar in Wanli and Tianqi years of the late Ming Dynasty. There are Fu Shu Tang, Quan Zhou, Liao Yan Tang, Kai Jin Lou, Xian Yan Zhai, Lai Yin Shan Fang, MI Ju Lang, Xi Ju Ting, you Cheng Tang, she Qu Qiao and other scenes. The "ten Mu space" is written by Dong Qichang, a famous calligrapher and painter in the late Ming Dynasty. After this garden, it was restored between Shen Shen and Qing Emperor Qianlong (AD 1736~1795), merged with Gong Yuan Garden, and became a temple garden with Town God's Temple. At that time, it was named Qiu Qiu garden, and the famous legend of Cheng Huang garden.

Kim's garden

Jin's garden is located in the north of Gong's garden. It was built by Jin Yi during the reign of Jiajing. When Jin zhaodeng, the grandson of Jin Yi, was elected in the 10th year of Wanli, there were Liu Yunju, Zhifang, Jixia Pavilion and Dongrong Pavilion in the garden.

Restoration of the whole garden

Since 1980, the Municipal People's government has allocated 2.9528 million yuan to repair qiuxiapu. The restoration project is planned and designed by Shida lijiu and Gu Zheng of the Municipal Bureau of landscape architecture. Chen Congzhou of Tongji University and Yang Jiayou of Shanghai Cultural Relics Management Committee provide information and guidance. Based on the principles of respecting the history, taking care of the current situation and adjusting measures to local conditions, the planning and design not only carry out the transformation and planting trees and flowers in combination with the terrain, but also carry out the renovation or renovation according to the damage degree of the remaining garden buildings, and refer to the relevant records for the reconstruction of the destroyed buildings. The construction team of Jiading County is responsible for the construction of the two phases. The first phase of the restoration project covers an area of 5300 square meters of the original Gong's garden, which was started in April 1980, completed in October 1981 and opened to the public on February 13, 1983. The second phase of the project is to restore Shen's garden, Jin's garden and Yimiao hall, dredge qingjingtang, and move Jiading No.1 middle school, which used the building as school building. The construction started in August 1983 and was completed in September 1987. The whole park was opened to the public on October 1 of the same year. Since its opening up, qiuxiapu has held calligraphy, painting, bamboo carving, bamboo weaving, flowers, bonsai, clay sculpture, ceramics and other arts and crafts exhibitions every year, attracting people at home and abroad.

Back garden period of Yimiao

In the following 70 or 80 years, the back garden of the Yimiao Temple flourished. There were Yingxia Pavilion, Biguang Pavilion, zuiyue Pavilion, Xiaoqu River Pavilion, the thatched cottage on the pool, and the flower temple in the garden. All the things were in spring. From the 10th year of Xianfeng to the first year of tongzhi (1860-1862), Taiping army, Qing army and foreign spear troops fought fiercely in the county several times, and the back garden of Yimiao and Jin's garden were destroyed. In 1876, the thatched cottage on the pond was rebuilt. Congguixuan was built in the 12th year of Guangxu, and yanlvxuan was built in the 20th year of Guangxu. The scenery gradually recovered. Later, tea shops and bookstores were set up in the garden, and local operas were sometimes performed on the stage in the temple. Yimiaoyuan became the main place for people's entertainment activities in the county.

In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), Dai Sigong, then president of Jiading Education Association and founder of Qiliang school, moved the school to the back garden of Yimiao, and mobilized the industrial circles to undertake the construction of the garden. More than 20 places including gate, Liaoyan hall, Youcheng hall, tongxuan, Fushu hall, Changtang, Laiyin Shanfang, Huancui hall, shuyuzhai, binzaofengxiang room, Pingshan hall, yiyixiaoxie, Ningxia Pavilion, guanshui Pavilion, biwuxuan, Linqing room, namely Shanting, Biguang Pavilion, congguixuan, yanluxuan and chishang thatched cottage have been renovated. In the 26th year of the Republic of China, Jiading was occupied by the enemy. The puppet District Office set up a garden. The thatched cottage on the pond, congguixuan and yanlvxuan became the private houses of the puppet magistrate. The Japanese military hospital was set up in the east of the garden, and biwuxuan was stationed in the puppet army. After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, Yimiao Houyuan was occupied by the Jiading Branch of the third Youth League of the Kuomintang, and a few months later it was changed to the site of the first District Office of Jiading County. In the 35th year of the Republic of China, the county government allocated the back garden of Yimiao to the rebuilt Qiliang school, known as "Yimiao Park", which is open to the public on holidays.

After liberation, the people's Government of the county expropriated the Jinshiyuan site as the playground of Qiliang school. In 1960, the people's Committee of the county decided to restore the original name of "qiuxiapu" in the back garden of Yimiao, and designated it as a cultural relic protection unit of the county. In 1962, it was listed as a cultural relic protection unit of the city by the people's Committee of the city, but it was still managed and used by the school. In 1963, people from the industrial and commercial circles in the urban area raised funds to build a two-story teaching building in front of the Yimiao hall and set up a private Chengxiang middle school (later renamed Renmin middle school). During the "Cultural Revolution", Biguang Pavilion, i.e. mountain Pavilion and rockery were demolished, trees were cut down, and long-term disrepair resulted in dilapidated buildings and withered flowers and trees.

Gardening techniques

Qiuxiapu, with clear water pond as the center, surrounded by stone mountains and towering ancient trees, has unique gardening art. The main part of taohuatan scenic spot is the thatched cottage on the pond, which is praised as "a quiet cottage, moving for a long time, better than ten miles of West Lake". Tang Nan's couplet: "the spring is early, the beautiful day is late, the sky is clear, the wind is gentle.". The thatched cottage is frosty and sunny, the autumn wind is rusty, the water is flowery and the rain is sparse This couplet vividly depicts the scenery of qiuxiapu in spring and autumn.

An overview of the history of the garden, began in Ming Zhengde, Jiajing years (AD 1506-1522), the old garden

Chinese PinYin : Qiu Xia Pu