Yunshantun

Yunshantun

Yunshantun in Anshun, Guizhou Province, is the best preserved Tunpu cultural village, and also the most brilliant pearl in the "eight villages of Yunfeng". Its majestic, precipitous and beautiful, has made countless tourists linger, like an encyclopedia of ancient tuntian culture. In 2001, it was designated as "national key cultural relics protection unit" by the State Council. In 2005, it became the only village in Guizhou Province to win the title of "famous Chinese historical and cultural village".

Development history

Built in the early Ming Dynasty, yunshantun is not only the best preserved Tunpu cultural village, but also the most brilliant pearl in the eight villages of Yunfeng. Its majestic, precipitous and beautiful, has made countless tourists linger. It is a physical witness of the remains of the military and commercial villages in Ming Dynasty and a typical representative of the Tunpu culture. In the village, there are not only Tuen Mun, Tuen Lou, Tuen wall and ancient streets which are good at fortification, but also the gatehouse and window room with Jiangnan architectural style. Brick blockhouses, stone carvings and wood carvings are integrated.

Since its completion, yunshantun has been repaired and added year by year after several wars and natural erosion. The walls, streets, courtyards and natural ecological environment are well preserved. In 2000, Guinness world recognized it as "the largest and most complete Tunpu cultural village community in the early Ming Dynasty"; in 2001, it was designated as "national key cultural relics protection unit" by the State Council. In 2005, it was the only village in Guizhou Province that won the title of "famous historical and cultural village of China", and only 24 villages in the whole country won the title.

Main attractions

Tuen Mun

There are two Tuen muns in Yunshan village. The former Tuen Mun, also known as "Datun Mun", is built with huge stones. The walls on both sides are about 7-8 meters high and 1.5-2 meters thick. The total length of the walls is about 1000 meters. There are gun holes and crenels, commanding heights and many sentries. In case of war, it forms a systematic and perfect command and combat system. A look at this well defended building reminds us of Li Bai's famous saying, "one man is in charge of the pass, ten thousand men are not allowed to open it.". According to relevant historical records, Datun gate was first built in the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty. In the fifth year of Zhengde, the Xibao mutiny took place in Anshun Prefecture, which brought disaster to yunshantun and destroyed the wall of the village. During the reign of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, it was rebuilt and increased in length and the stack of crenels. From the numerous concave convex crenels on the wall, we can see the battle field of the golden age and iron horse.

Tuen Mun is a hilltop style building. Usually, two wooden doors are opened during the day and closed at night. In case of emergency, when the sentry beats the drum, the defensive battle begins and the doors are closed. No wonder it is written in Ming Shi Lu that "BINGTUAN get together, spring ploughing and autumn training, the family is an old school, and the family is a castle. If the thief breaks out, each of them will be strong to resist.".

In the seventh year of Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty, the walls and gates of yunshantun were tested in the battle, and played their unique defensive function. According to historical records, the bandit Chen Xiaowu led the thieves to attack the village, and the squire Jin Zifu led the villagers to defend themselves. In the end, the bandits came to the end: "those who cross the wall will die; those who cannot cross the wall will flee.". Later, the governor personally presented a gold plaque to praise Jin Zifu for his "peace of mind, integrity and impartiality" and his heroic spirit of "defending against disasters".

A street in Ming and Qing Dynasties

The Ming and Qing Dynasties street, which is about 600 meters long and 3-5 meters wide, is all paved with bluestone slabs. However, this ancient street, which is not too long, is divided into three sections by history. The first section is the first half of the street. The main buildings, landscapes and humanities are mainly from the Ming Dynasty; the middle section is from the Qing Dynasty; and the last section is from the Republic of China and later years . In this ancient street, there are many alleys cleverly connected with each family's Sanheyuan, Siheyuan, Diaolou and so on, forming a channel of attack and defense. With the decline of the farming system and the influx of wealthy businessmen, the commercial trade here once flourished for a while. There are many shops on both sides of the street, which are as prosperous as dreams. The cloth shop, rice shop and medicine shop are all over the village. The famous "Deshengchang" traditional Chinese medicine shop remains today. This ancient street, undulating with the terrain, is like a jade belt, which has a strong architectural style of Jiangnan in Ming Dynasty. It records the vicissitudes of this ancient street for hundreds of years. There are dozens of shops on the ancient street, mainly selling famous tea, batik products, tourism crafts, etc. The horseshoe shaped paving platform is the one that opened the shop. In addition, there are a variety of different flavors of snack bars and teahouses, tourists can choose to eat according to their preferences, very convenient. The ancient Tunpu culture street shows her charming style, which makes her a corridor to show Chinese excellent traditional culture and art to tourists at home and abroad.

Xiong Ziwen

This courtyard is the former site of Jin Guangfu's family. Jin Guangfu and his son are both Juren. Their father is Geng Ziju and their son is Jimao Ju. Later, Emperor Guangxu expressed his gratitude for their noble spirit of indifference to fame and wealth and devotion to teaching, and sent a pair of precious cups to show his consolation.

Social Management Association

This is a well preserved courtyard, which has both Jiangnan charm and style and defensive function. The main room, the left and right hatchback rooms and the facade still reflect the ingenious ideas of the builders.

fish pond

This fish pond has two functions. The water pit beside the pond is mainly used for drainage. If there is torrential flood, it can discharge the flood into the mountain directly to the Longtan. Usually, it is mainly used for viewing. It turns out that the water in the fish pond is clear and the pond is bright. In summer, the lotus leaves compete for green and the fish leaps and the frogs sing. It's very charming. The management office is trying to repair it.

Field dam

This is the place to go to the market. Every month, it starts two days after sheep and cattle day, once a week. Besides coming from the eight villages in the opposite gate, people from Anshun, Pingba and Puding also came to buy and sell things. Commodities include vegetables, grain, general merchandise, cooked food, yarn, cloth and so on. It is a big trade fair outside the east gate of Anshun. Now it is the public activity site of the whole village.

Theater

This theater is a very important ancient building in this village. After its completion, it will mainly perform Beijing Opera and Sichuan Opera, sometimes dancing lantern. Peking Opera "Si Lang explores his mother", "Xiao he pursues Han Xin under the moon" and "borrowing the east wind"; Sichuan Opera "Furong Huaxian", "meeting in the ancient city" and "Qimei case" have appeared here many times. Lantern "Eight Immortals", "Python" and "dongmaichen" also make this building famous. The play "the case of guilmei" has made the village and the building more popular. Once the Gong starts to sing, all the villages around will hear it. "Three or two steps is a long way to go, seven or eight people will be broad soldiers", is not only the couplet of this building, but also a high summary of the artistic characteristics of Chinese opera.

Temple of God of wealth

The temple of God of wealth was built in the Qing Dynasty. Because the terrain of yunshantun is dangerous, easy to defend and difficult to attack, it is an ideal place to avoid banditry. Therefore, businessmen from all over the country came here to build this temple to worship Zhao Gongming for the purpose of seeking financial security. Later, he invited Guanyin Bodhisattva into the temple. Every time on the ninth day of the first month, on the 19th of June and on the 19th of September, the Guanyin Festival becomes a venue for Buddhist Chanting. Devout believers, hand twist beads, mouth chanting, one after another, all night long. The scene was solemn and peaceful; it was spectacular.

Deshengchang pharmacy

Deshengchang pharmacy once flourished here, but its architecture still remains the prosperous scene of that year. The stone carving of the shop is called xumizuo style terrace, and the carved pattern is still vaguely discernible. There is a poem about this by predecessors: "pine, bamboo, orchid, plum and stone grow in the middle, flowers, birds, insects and fish fly on the wall". This drugstore was also well-known at that time. It is said that it had all kinds of ointment pills and dansan that could not be bought in Anshun and Pingba.

Jinshilanyuan residence

There used to be a poor scholar, Jin Shilan, who once won the entrance examination but was not employed because he had no money to bribe the steward. So he laughed and wrote a couplet on the door

Won the Red Gate show

Become a bookboy

Yang Xufang

It is a quadrangle with complete structure. There is a Diaojiaolou at the gate and a carved partition door inside. The decoration is very delicate and beautiful. It was partially damaged during the cultural revolution. This courtyard fully reflects the characteristics of "resisting bandits and bandits on the outside and protruding elegance on the inside".

Flower carving

This flower carving is an exquisite and beautiful ancient building, which was destroyed in the 1960s. It is characterized by small at the bottom and large at the top, stone as the foundation, brick and wood on the top, which is divided into four layers, exquisite design, clear black and white, well at the bottom, convenient for drinking.

Villa

The house was built in the 24th year of the Republic of China. The housing and ancillary facilities (including watchtowers) cover an area of about 120 square meters, and the building area of western style houses is about 316 square meters.

The house is designed by Shanghai engineers and constructed by Shanghai people, so it is called "foreign house". The room is divided into three floors: the first floor is the main room, and the left and right are bedrooms; the second floor is the living room, and the left and right are boudoirs; the third floor used to run a private school, and several students were invited to give lectures, and the teaching materials are four books and five classics.

The patio is paved with bluestone, neat and beautiful; the stone steps in front of the door are exquisitely made, with curved patterns on both sides of the steps, which are shaped like a dragon and polished like jade. There is a fish pond on the left side of the house. There is a stream of water flowing from the hanging rock beside the pond. It will not dry up for a long time and will be built according to the situation. With the weather cold and warm, fish or in or out, floating up and down, full of vitality. The garden is surrounded by Holly. Peony, peony, dragon chrysanthemum, Osmanthus fragrans and Chimonanthus praecox are alternately blooming and each shows its own style.

The house was built by Mr. Jin Yaotang. He was born in Tongzhi Guiyou in the former Qing Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Yun Shan Tun