Hangzhou Bay Bridge

Hangzhou Bay Bridge

Hangzhou Bay Bridge is a sea crossing bridge connecting Jiaxing and Ningbo in Zhejiang Province, China. It is located in the sea area of Hangzhou Bay. It is one of the components of Shenyang Haikou Expressway (National Expressway G15) < / I and an important part of urban expressway in Northeast Zhejiang Province.

Hangzhou Bay Bridge was built on June 8, 2003;

The closure project was completed on June 26, 2007, and the whole line was connected;

It was put into operation on May 1, 2008.

Hangzhou Bay sea crossing bridge starts from Pinghu interchange in Jiaxing City in the north, crosses the sea area of Hangzhou Bay in the top, and ends at Andong junction interchange in Ningbo City in the south. The total length of the line is 36 km, the total length of the bridge is 35.7 km, the bridge deck is a two-way six lane expressway, and the design speed is 100 km / h.

Construction process

From 1992 to 1993, Ningbo municipal government planned to build Hangzhou Bay traffic corridor, and entrusted Shanghai linli company and CCCC highway planning and Design Institute to carry out pre feasibility study.

On June 21, 2000, Zhejiang provincial government decided to build a bridge across Hangzhou Bay.

In December 2001, the bidding meeting of Hangzhou Bay Bridge was held.

On April 30, 2002, the State Council of China approved the project approval of Hangzhou cross sea channel; on May 29, the State Planning Commission of China officially issued the approval for the project approval.

In January 2003, Zhejiang Provincial Planning Commission and Department of communications jointly presided over the preliminary design of Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge. On June 8, the foundation laying ceremony was held for the project. On October 28, the construction of the north bank approach of Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge was started. On November 14, the construction of the main project of Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge was started. On the same month 28, the construction of the south bank approach of Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge was started Cheng started work.

On March 16, 2004, the construction of Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge entered the stage of full construction.

On February 3, 2006, the last steel pipe pile of the main bridge of Hangzhou Bay sea crossing bridge was sunk in place.

On January 8, 2007, the south bank approach bridge of Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge was completed; on February 7, the main tower capping project of Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge was completed; on March 27, the construction project of the last bored cast-in-place ramp bridge pile on the offshore platform of Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge was completed; on May 26, the north bank approach bridge construction project of Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge was completed. On June 11, the closure project of the South Channel Bridge of Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge was completed; on June 13, the closure project of the north channel bridge of Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge was completed; on June 26, the closure project of the whole bridge section of Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge was completed and the whole line was connected.

On May 1, 2008, Hangzhou Bay Bridge was opened to traffic.

On December 29, 2010, the sea platform of Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge was put into operation.

Bridge location

Hangzhou Bay sea crossing bridge is located on Hangzhou Bay, Zhejiang Province, China. It starts from Pinghu interchange in zhengjiadai village, Haiyan, Jiaxing City in the north, crosses the sea area of Hangzhou Bay in the top, and ends at Andong junction interchange in Cixi shuiluwan, Ningbo City in the south. The offshore platform "Haitian Yizhou" is located in the middle of Hangzhou Bay Bridge, 1.7 km south of south channel. The route passing through the bridge is Shenhai Expressway < I (National Expressway G15) < / I.

Architectural design

building structure

Overall layout

Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge is composed of the platform in the sea, the north and South Channel Bridge, the approach bridge in the water area, the approach bridge in the beach area, the approach bridge in the land area, each bridge tower and each interchange ramp. The whole bridge section is arranged from northwest to Southeast.

 

Design concept

The South and North Hangkong bridges are the two key design points of Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge. In order to make Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge have strong landscape, this paper makes a deep comparison from the four aspects of symbol relationship, composition relationship, volume relationship and comprehensive analogy, so as to get the final result: the diamond type double tower combination mode is adopted for North Hangkong bridge, and the type a single tower combination mode is adopted for South Hangkong bridge.

 

The design theme of tonghangkong bridge is "Golden Triangle". The completion of Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge will make Shanghai, Hangzhou and Nanjing become the economic center of the Yangtze River Delta, and the Hangzhou bay cross sea bridge itself will become the "Phnom Penh" of the Hangzhou Bay delta network, forming a "Golden Triangle" cultural area with local characteristics; The combination mode of the North-South Navigable Bridge perfectly combines the cultural connotation of the "Golden Triangle", achieves the coordination between the bridge type and the geographical environment of the bridge location area, and the coincidence with the local history and culture, and meets the specific requirements of the engineering economic and technical indicators.

 

Design features

The overall plane of Hangzhou Bay sea crossing bridge is S-shaped curve, which is composed of North Channel Bridge, South Channel Bridge, approach bridge and offshore platform; the navigable spans of North and South channels are respectively arched, with ups and downs of elevation shape.

 

Design parameters

Hangzhou Bay sea crossing bridge is 36 km long, of which 35.7 km long. The north channel bridge adopts (70 + 160 + 448 + 160 + 70) m span layout, and the south channel bridge adopts (100 + 160 + 318) m span layout. The total area of the platform in the sea is 12000 square meters, including 36617 square meters of platform building area, with a total of 6 floors. The total building area of the sightseeing tower is 5100 square meters, with a total of 16 floors, The building height is 145.6m.

 

 

Equipment and facilities

Offshore platform

Offshore platform The overall appearance of "Haitian Yizhou" is "Dapeng Qingzhu", implying that the development of Hangzhou Bay area can fly higher and higher like Dapeng; it is divided into two parts: sightseeing platform and sightseeing tower. The sightseeing platform provides comprehensive characteristic services such as catering, accommodation, leisure, entertainment, sightseeing and shopping; the sightseeing tower allows visitors to stand at the commanding height and overlook the grand momentum of the bridge and the waves of Hangzhou Bay Magnificent.

 

service area

The South and north bank service areas of Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge have introduced special services such as RV camp, car charging station, automatic car washing machine, star rated public toilet, etc., and provided many free services such as WiFi network service and microwave heating service, providing convenient conditions for vehicles.

 

Traffic monitoring

As of April 2017, the whole section of Hangzhou bay cross sea bridge has been equipped with electronic equipment such as interval speed measurement and video monitoring to capture and record illegal driving vehicles.

 

lighting

Hangzhou bay cross sea bridge adopts intelligent single lamp lighting control system, which meets the needs of bridge lighting, realizes the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction, extends the service life of light source and electrical appliances, provides great convenience for operation and maintenance, and achieves good social and economic benefits.

 

Operation

Ticket price

As of May 20, 2015, the charging standards of Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge are as follows: 80 yuan per vehicle for class I vehicles; 160 yuan per vehicle for class II vehicles; 240 yuan per vehicle for class III vehicles; 280 yuan per vehicle for class IV vehicles; 320 yuan per vehicle for class V vehicles.

 

During the special legal holidays in mainland China, minibuses will pass through the Hangzhou bay bridge free of charge.

Traffic matters

Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge is located in the Hangzhou Bay Sea area. In case of bad weather, traffic control will be implemented or the whole bridge section will be closed to restrict vehicle traffic.

 

traffic flow

As of November 2016, the average daily traffic volume of Hangzhou Bay Bridge is more than 30000 vehicles.

 

From October 1 to 7, 2018, the average daily traffic flow of Hangzhou Bay Bridge was 79000 vehicles.

 

Construction achievements

Technical difficulties

construction technique

During the construction of Hangzhou Bay sea crossing bridge, the following technologies are mainly used:

1. GPS all-weather operation measurement control technology;

2. Complete set technology of large diameter and super long steel pipe pile;

3. Complete technology of large prefabricated components;

4. Research and Countermeasures on durability of concrete structure in marine environment;

5. The influence of disastrous weather on bridge driving safety and countermeasures.

 

Construction problems

In the construction process of Hangzhou Bay Cross Sea Bridge, the main construction problems and characteristics are as follows

1. The engineering quantity of bridge distance is large. Hangzhou Bay sea crossing bridge is 36 kilometers long. The main physical quantities such as concrete consumption is 2.45 million cubic meters, which is equivalent to rebuilding eight National Grand Theater. The steel consumption reaches 820000 tons, which is equivalent to rebuilding seven Beijing bird's nest (National Stadium). The total investment of the project is about 10 million tons

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