locale of Zhu Xi's school

Bailudong scenic area is located at the south foot of Wulaofeng mountain, the northeast end of Shannan scenic area, close to Jiuxing highway. Bailudong tourist area is mainly composed of Bailudong academy, one of the four existing academies in Song Dynasty, Haihui temple, Lingxiao, papaya cave and other scenic spots. It is characterized by viewing historical and Cultural Academy sites, ancient temples, stone carvings and other cultural landscapes. Bailudong academy, 9 kilometers north of Xingzi County, is located in the valley under Mt. Wulaofeng. It has Ping mountain in the back, left-wing mountain in the West and Beier mountain in the south. Because Tang Libo lived in seclusion and studied here, he once raised a deer, so it is called Bailudong.

locale of Zhu Xi's school

Bailu cave, located in Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, is one of the six academies in the Northern Song Dynasty.

The temple was first built in the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, adding three treasures hall, Chaotian cave and Liuhe cave. Behind the three treasures hall, there is a Wanzai cave, in which lies a pair of clay white deer with their mouths facing the stone. When it is very hot in summer, there is often smoke gushing out from the cudgel, so it is called "white deer with smoke". It was rebuilt in 1993 and opened to tourists.

brief introduction

Bailu cave is located in the northeast of Lushan Mountain, south of Yuping mountain, behind huxiyan, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. It is one of the six academies in the Northern Song Dynasty. According to Xiamen annals, "there are many cliffs and rocks on the left and right sides of Bailu cave, with pavilions and trees in the middle. In the old days, there were Daguanlou, wanzaidong and Jieyin pavilions. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, Liuhe cave, Chaotian cave and Yushan Pavilion were opened up There are Liuhe cave, Chaotian cave and Wanzai cave. It is said that Zhu Xi had been here when he was lecturing at the Bailudong Academy in Lushan. Later generations also named him "Bailudong" in memory of him. In the cave, there is a white deer clay sculpture, which is known as "white deer with smoke" because of the frequent emission of smoke.

Academy architecture

Bailudong is located more than 10 kilometers south of Wulao peak of Lushan Mountain in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, where the peaks converge into a ring with a unique pattern. The one to the north is called Houping mountain, the one to the west is called left wing mountain, and the one to the south is called Zhuoer mountain. Green pines and bamboos on the mountain are lush. A clear spring comes from Lingyun peak and flows out through the intersection of left wing mountain and Zhuoer mountain. This is the famous guanxiao stream. From west to East, the stream flows back to the front of Bailu cave and flows into Poyang Lake through the gorge in the East. There is no cave in Bailu cave, so it is called cave because the natural gas in the stone ring looks like a cave.

Bailudong was the place where Li Bo, a native of Luoyang in Tang Dynasty, lived in seclusion when he was young. Li Bo has a white deer for his own amusement. The white deer is very tame. He often goes out to visit and play with his master, and can also help his master deliver letters and goods. Therefore, Li Bo is called Mr. White Deer by the name of a famous deer, and this place is called white Deer Cave by the name of a famous deer.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, when the war was in chaos and schools were destroyed everywhere, scholars who lived in seclusion in Lushan often went to Bailudong to discuss knowledge and exchange experiences. During the Shengyuan period of the Southern Tang Dynasty, it was officially called "Lushan Guoxue" where Li Shandao, the nine classics of Guozijian, was appointed as the master of Bailudong cave to take charge of education and learning. This is the beginning of Bailudong school. It was about 30 years earlier than Lianxi academy and became the first school in Lushan.

In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, academies were set up all over the country. Lushan traditional Chinese learning was renamed Bailudong Academy. Since then, the scale has gradually expanded and become one of the four major academies in the country. It is also known as Songyang academy, Yuelu Academy and shigu Academy. The academies are majestic, pavilions scattered, teachers and students gathered, just like the school city. Today, the Bailudong academy has formed an ancient architectural complex centered on Li Dui Dian, which is composed of many halls, such as Minglun hall, Wenhui hall, Yushu Pavilion, Zhuzi Pavilion, sixiantai, Zhuangyuan bridge, gatehouse, memorial archway, Beijun and so on. It is integrated with the surrounding mountains and rivers.

The founding of the Academy

The founder of the academy can be traced back to Li Bo in the Tang Dynasty. This Li Bo is the one in Su Shi's famous poem Shi Zhong Shan Ji. Because they are similar in time, location and identity.

In the fourth year of the Southern Tang Dynasty (940), the Southern Tang regime established a school in the place where Li Bo lived in seclusion, known as "Lushan Guoxue", also known as "Bailu Guoxue". This is an institution of higher learning similar to the Imperial College of Jinling (now Nanjing). In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Xiangxian Mingqi of Jiangzhou set up an academy in Bailudong. The name of Bailudong academy began from then on, but it was soon abandoned. It was not until Zhu Xi, a famous Neo Confucianist, rebuilt the academy that Bailudong academy became famous in China. Zhu Xi not only rebuilt Bailudong academy, but also established strict academy rules and regulations.

"Bailudong academy dogma" not only embodies Zhu Xi's educational thought based on a set of Confucian classics, such as "studying things, learning, sincerity, correcting heart, cultivating morality, regulating the family, governing the country and pacifying the world", but also becomes the pattern of running academies in feudal society of China for 700 years after the Southern Song Dynasty, and is one of the earliest educational rules and regulations in the history of education. After Zhu Xi, Bailudong academy, like Yuelu Academy, became an important base for learning Neo Confucianism in Song Dynasty.

Historical experience

At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Bailudong Academy was destroyed by war. The earliest maintenance in Ming Dynasty was in the first year of Zhengtong (1436), and later in Chenghua, Hongzhi, Jiajing and Wanli. In the Qing Dynasty, Bailudong Academy was still maintained for many times. At the end of the 19th century, China's politics and economy changed dramatically, and there was an upsurge of education reform. In 1898, the Qing emperor ordered the reform and changed the Academy into a school. Bailudong Academy was closed in the 29th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, and Dongtian was managed by nankangfu (now Xingzi) middle school. In 1910, Bailudong Academy was changed into Jiangxi higher forestry school.

During the period of Kuomintang, Chiang Kai Shek prepared to ask Nanchang Zhongzheng university to take over Bailudong academy, but it didn't come true. After the founding of new China, the government took a series of measures to protect and maintain Bailudong Academy. In 1959, it was listed as a cultural relic protection unit of Jiangxi Province; in 1979, it established the Bailudong Cultural Relic Management Institute of Lushan Mountain; in 1988, it was announced as a key cultural relic protection unit of China and a national second-class nature reserve; in the same year, it established Bailudong academy as an academic research institution; in 1990, it established the Bailudong Academy Management Committee of Lushan Mountain. Bailudong academy has formed a comprehensive management system integrating cultural relics management, teaching, academic research, tourism reception and forest garden construction.

Academic rules of Academies

The academic rules of Bailudong academy, written by Zhu Xi, a famous Neo Confucianist, reflect the educational thought before learning. Many of them are very useful, such as: don't do to others what you don't want. Turn inward and examine yourself when you encounter difficulties in life. Please don't be afraid to read it carefully

Father and son are related. The king and his ministers are righteous. Couples are different. respect for seniority. Friends have letters.

Right five religions. The envoys of Yao and Shun were appointed as Si Tu and respected the five religions. Scholars learn that. There are also five aspects in the preface

He is erudite. Interrogation. Think carefully. It's clear. Do it.

On the right is the order of learning. Learning, asking, thinking and discriminating are the four elements, so the reason is poor. If a man is devoted to doing things, he has his own important points, from self-cultivation to doing things and receiving things

Good advice. Be respectful. guard against losing one 's temper and repress one 's sexual passion. change one's evil ways and reform.

Right is the key to self-cultivation.

A good friend is not a good one. He who knows his way does not count his merit.

It's important to deal with things from the right.

Don't do to others what you don't want. Turn inward and examine yourself when you encounter difficulties in life.

It's important to connect things on the right.

Xi steal view of the ancient sages, so teach people the meaning of learning, not to make it clear the principles, in order to cultivate their body, and then push people. It's not just a matter of seeking fame for fishing, but also a matter of gaining wealth. Today's scholars are just the opposite. However, the method of sages' teaching lies in scriptures. People with lofty ideals should read and think deeply, then ask and distinguish. If you know that it's reasonable, but if you blame it for its necessity, then you can't wait for others to set it up and then follow it?

In modern times, there are rules in learning, but it is too shallow for scholars. And it is not necessarily the meaning of the ancients. Therefore, it is no longer applied to this hall. Instead, it takes all sages and sages as the main point of learning. It is the duty of the monarch to abide by his instructions. Then when the husband thinks about the clouds, he must be more strict with those who are cautious and afraid. If it is not, or if it is abandoned out of this statement, then the so-called rules will certainly be taken, and they can't be fixed. All of you, I think so!

Interior landscape

The existing buildings of Bailudong academy are built in series from west to east along the guandaoxi river. The buildings all face south. They are of stone wood or brick wood structure, and the roofs are herringbone shaped hard hilltops, which is quite elegant and indifferent.

In the northwest corner of lingxingmen, there are not only the beauty of winding paths, mountains, rocks and springs, but also "diaojishi", "Shushi", "lumianchang" and "liubeichi". On both Shushi and liubeichi, they are named after the stone carvings of "Shushi" and "liubeichi" written by Zhu Xi. It is said that the White Deer raised by Li Bo in Tang Dynasty were sleeping here. The diaoji stone is also engraved with the word "diaotai" written by Zhu Xi. It is said that Zhu Xi used to fish here in those days. In fact, the water here is shallow, the spring is green and there are few fish. Therefore, Liu Shiyang of the Ming Dynasty carved the word "meaning is not fish" on the stone, which can be regarded as a witticism.

On the stone wall of the temple of rites, there are stones

Chinese PinYin : Bai Lu Dong