Chibi ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms

The Chibi ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms is the only ancient battlefield site with original appearance in the seven major battles of ancient China.

Since 2007, Hubei Sanguo Chibi Tourism Development Co., Ltd. and Chibi Municipal People's government have invested 1 billion yuan in the overall development of the scenic spot in three phases, strengthened the construction of scenic facilities, and realized the comprehensive upgrading of the scenic spot.

Chibi ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms

Chibi ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms, the place where the battle of Chibi took place, is now located in the South Bank of Chibi City, Xianning City, Hubei Province (located in the South Bank of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Wuhan in the north, Yueyang in the South). It is the only ancient battlefield that still has its original appearance in the seven battles in ancient China.

On the cliff near the river at Jitou, Chibi is also carved with the word "Chibi", which is said to have been written by Zhou Yu. Therefore, some people also call this place "zhoulang Chibi", which is the earliest extant cultural relic of Chibi. The stone statue of zhoulang, proud of the Yangtze River, is full of ambition and guidance, picturesque; on the wind worship platform, the feather fan of Zhuge Marquis Wu sways, skillfully borrows the east wind, lending a new pattern of three kingdoms' confrontation; under fengcha nunnery, the Millennium wisteria and towering ginkgo are still green, and Mr. fengcha lived in seclusion here and made a series of ingenious suggestions; one dragon and one phoenix gathered in Chibi to make this place green By virtue of the power of the lying dragon and Phoenix chicks, the earth soared to the sky and made a great contribution in the long history.

Now it is Chibi scenic spot, which is a national 5A scenic spot

Its main landscapes include: cliff inscriptions on Chibi, statue of Zhou Yu, wind worship platform, fengcha temple, Yijiang Pavilion, Chibi war exhibition hall, Chibi stele corridor, Millennium ginkgo, sculpture garden of the Three Kingdoms, etc.

On October 17, 2018, the Ministry of culture and tourism plans to determine it as a national 5A tourist attraction.

historical background

The ancient battlefield of Chibi in the Three Kingdoms is the site of the battle of Chibi in that year. It was founded in the 13th year of Jian'an (208 A.D.)

Cao Cao led 260000 troops to the south, conquering several cities of Xinye and Xiangyang. They went down from Jiangling to the east of the Yangtze River and fought with the 50000 allied forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei in Chibi. After the defeat, Cao Cao retreated to the north of the river and stationed troops in Wulin (now Wulin commune of Honghu county) to hold a stalemate with the Allied forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei across the river.

Later, Zhou Yu used Huang Gai's suggestion to attack Cao's army with fire attack. At that time, the southeast wind was blowing fast, and the fireboat rushed to Cao's camp with the help of the wind. For a moment, Cao's camp was in a sea of fire, and Cao's army was defeated. Sun and Liu's allied forces took the opportunity to attack. Cao Cao led the rest of his troops to Jiangling via Huarong Road (now the northwest of the county), thus laying the foundation for the division of Wei, Shu and Wu Therefore, this battle has become a famous classic battle in Chinese history and left a brilliant record in ancient Chinese war history.

Operational strategy

Bitter meat stratagem / Anti Japanese stratagem: after a long journey, Cao Jun's body was tired, and his soldiers had already suffered from disease. In Chibi, he fought with Jiangdong soldiers and suffered setbacks. Therefore, Cao Cao moved the whole army to the north of the river to facilitate advance and retreat. He and Jiang Dongbing were separated by the river between Wulin and Chibi. As a result of the long-term stalemate, sun Liu's joint military department put forward Huang Gai's "fire attack" operational plan. Huang Gai came forward and wrote to Cao Gong, saying that he wanted to feign surrender. Because of a series of previous victories, Cao Cao regarded Zhou Yu and Huang Gai's Conspiracy as Liu Cong and Kuai Yue's surrender to Jingzhou, which seriously affected the ideas of counselor and military adviser Xun you. Most generals had no doubt that they were happy to see Huang Gai's descent from the water.

Lianhuanji / huoshao company: on November 13, 208, the 13th year of Jian'an, huanggai took ten warships full of dried grass and firewood, filled with oil, and sailed on the river in a strong southeast wind. The warships speeded up and headed for the north bank. Both Cao Gong and officials went out to watch Huang Gai's coming. Only Cheng Yu, a counselor, found that the ship was light and floating in the Dongfeng emergency. He decided that it was not a grain carrying ship, and worried that there would be an accident, so he asked Cao Gong to pay attention to the deception of the enemy. But it was too late. The ship was only two li away from the north bank. The warship under the command of Huang Gai ignited fire at the same time. In the strong wind, the ship drove like an arrow, hitting Cao Jun's water stronghold. The fire broke out in the water village. The ship was chained and couldn't be opened. The fire danced with the wind, and the barracks on the bank were all on fire. The flames were raging into the sky, and Cao Jun was trapped in a sea of fire. On the south bank, Sun Jun waved the flag and cheered.

Battle in Wulin: Cao Jun's water stronghold and barracks on the North Bank of the river were suddenly attacked by fireboats, causing a burst of chaos. Sun's army on the south bank also sent more troops across the river to take part in the fighting and expand the results. There was a fierce battle between the two sides in the flames. Cao General Zhang Liao's excellent troops repulsed Huang Gai's attack. Xu Huang was also able to calm down in chaos and fight as a whole army. However, at this time, Liu Bei's Yuzhou army and his generals Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun led their troops to launch a fierce attack on Cao's army, and Liu Bei also took the initiative to command the battle. Cao's army suffered heavy losses and withdrew from Wulin and turned to Huarong Road before sun and Liu joined forces.

Huarong Ambush: after Cao Cao led the remnant into Huarong Road, he encountered heavy rain, strong wind, mud, blockage, and the road was impassable. Send the soldiers to fill the pavements with grass before they can ride through. The soldiers of Lei were trampled by men and horses, and the dead were everywhere. Liu Jun missed the best attack in ambush. Cao Cao's troops are out of danger. When Cao Cao withdrew to Jiangling, he said with a lingering fear, "Liu Bei, my husband and wife, but I got the plan (preparation and operation) later and set fire to the emissary earlier. I have no class (all eliminated) Although Cao Cao's army was not completely annihilated, most of it was lost when it entered the south. At this time, it was no longer able to unify the north and the south, thus ending the battle of Chibi between Cao sun and Liu.

Postwar influence

After the battle of Chibi, the confrontation of Wei, Shu and Wu appeared, that is, the period of Three Kingdoms in history. Cao Cao's absolute superior force (about 260000) against sun Liu's absolute inferior force (40000-50000), but suffered heavy losses. In the course of the battle of Chibi, there were political, military, diplomatic and other forms of struggle. Therefore, the battle of Chibi has become one of the most famous battles in Chinese history, attracting the attention of Chinese and foreign people.

Strategists say: to win more with less, to win the strong with the weak, will count the battle of Chibi. The Chinese believe that it is only in Chibi that we can know the sophistication of "Tao, heaven, earth, general and Dharma". Foreigners believe that only in Chibi can we appreciate the mystery of Oriental culture.

Chibi ancient battlefield scenic spot of the Three Kingdoms is the only ancient battlefield site with original appearance in the seven major battles of ancient China

. Now it is a 5A scenic spot accepted by the National Tourism Administration. The main landscapes are: cliff inscriptions in Chibi, wucai temple, statue of Zhou Yu, Baifeng terrace, fengcha temple, Yijiang Pavilion, Wangjiang Pavilion, Chibi war exhibition hall, Chibi stele corridor, Millennium ginkgo, sculpture garden of the Three Kingdoms, etc.

War personnel

Participating troops and personnel

Cao Jun:

Chief commander Cao Cao (prime minister and Ji Zhou mu); chief of staff Xun you (central military division); counselor Jia Xu (Taizhong doctor), Cheng Yu (Fenwu general); general Cao Ren (March to South general), Cao Hong (General Li Feng), Zhang Liao (general Dangkou), Zhang Ya (general Pingdi), Xia Houdun (general Fubo), Li Dian (general captured), Yu Jin (general Huwei), Le Jin (general JieChong), Xu Huang (general Hengye), Xu Chu (captain).

Sun Jun

Commander in chief: Zhou Yu (left commander in chief); Deputy Commander: Cheng Pu (right commander in chief), Lu Su (commander in chief of zanjun); general: Huang Gai (Wufeng Zhongying general), Han Dang (Zhongying general), Zhou Tai (Biebu SIMA), Ling Tong (Biebu Sima), Dong Chong (Pian general), LV Meng (Pingbei commander in chief), Xu Sheng (Biebu SIMA), Gan Ning (commander in chief).

Liu Jun

Liu Bei, commander in chief, Zhuge Liang, chief of staff, sun Qian, counselor, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Zhao Yun, general lemen.

geographical environment

geographical position

The Chibi ancient war scene area of the Three Kingdoms is located on the South Bank of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, with Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province in the north and Yueyang, a famous cultural city in the south. Near the cliff, brown stone split, one meter square character "Red Cliff" impressively. The scenic spot is the only ancient battlefield site in China's ancient famous battles, and it is also a national 5A tourist attraction and key cultural relics protection unit.

Climate conditions

The Chibi ancient war scene area of the Three Kingdoms is located in the South Bank of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It has a subtropical marine monsoon climate, warm and humid, abundant rainfall, four distinct seasons and sufficient sunshine. The ambient air quality of the whole year is stable within the secondary standard of the ambient air quality standard. The annual average temperature is 16.9 ° C, the annual average frost free period is 247-261 days, and the rainfall is 1251-1608 mm.

Main attractions

Chibi mountain, Nanping mountain and Jinluan mountain are connected in the ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms.

Cliff carvings in Chibi

On the cliff near the river of Chibi mountain, the word "Chibi" is engraved, 150 cm long and 104 cm wide. It is said that during the battle of Chibi mountain, sun Liu's allied forces burned Cao's warships, and the river was full of fire, which made the cliff red. Cao's army was defeated. Sun Liu's allied forces celebrated the victory with wine. After drinking, Zhou Yu raised his sword and carved the word "Chibi" on the cliff The writing was so strong that it came to the back of the mountain through the cliff, reflecting the word "Red Cliff". According to the Song Dynasty Xie Fangde's preface to poems on red cliff, "you can trace back to Dongting from the river, and when you cross Puqi, you can see the presence of stone and rock

Chinese PinYin : San Guo Chi Bi Gu Zhan Chang