Juyong Pass Yuntai

Juyong Pass Yuntai

Juyongguan Yuntai, also known as "Yuntai stone pavilion",

Located in juyongguancheng, north of Nankou Town, Changping District, Beijing, it is the base of the street crossing tower in Yuan Dynasty. It was built in 1342 and completed in 1345.

It covers an area of 471 square meters.

Juyongguan Yuntai is a white marble platform with a big bottom and a small top. It is rectangular in shape. The top of the platform is surrounded by carved stone railings and drainage taps. There is a half octagonal roll hole in the north-south direction of the center of the platform.

The relief and decoration inside and outside the Yuntai ticket door of Juyong Pass are Tibetan style.

Juyongguan Yuntai provides first-hand materials for the study of the history of ethnic relations, Buddhism, architecture and art,

The preserved Xixia and basiba stone inscriptions provide precious material materials for deciphering ancient Chinese characters and studying the history of Xixia and Mongolia.

On March 4, 1961, Juyongguan Yuntai was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China.

Historical evolution

Juyong guanyuntai, located in Guancheng, is the base of the crossing tower in Yuan Dynasty. Juyongguan street crossing tower was first built in 1342, the second year of Zhizheng reign of the Yuan Dynasty. Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty appointed four Tibetans as the design and engineering commander of Yuntai, and it was built in 1345.

In the early Ming Dynasty, three white Tibetan pagodas (crossing street pagodas) on the cloud platform of Juyongguan were destroyed one after another.

Since the fourth year of the Ming Dynasty (1439), the dilapidated tower foundation on the cloud platform of Juyongguan was demolished.

In 1443, the temple of Tai'an temple at Yuntai of Juyong Pass was rebuilt and completed in 1448. There are statues of Brahma, Manjusri and Puxian in the temple.

Today, the arch still has the inscription of money identification built on May 15, 1445.

In the Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty (1488-1505), a cloud Pavilion of Zhengtai was built on the cloud terrace of Juyongguan.

In the 41st year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1702), the building on the cloud platform of Juyongguan was destroyed in a fire. There is only a platform on the top, and the surrounding stone barriers and drainage taps, which is the appearance seen today, so it is called Yuntai.

In 1993, the office of the Ming Tombs Special Administrative Region in Beijing renovated the cloud platform of Juyongguan.

On March 28, 1998, Juyongguan Yuntai was opened to the public.

Architectural features

structure

Juyongguan Yuntai is made of white marble. It is rectangular, 9.5 meters high. The lower part of the base is 26.84 meters long from east to west, 17.57 meters long from north to south. The top of the base is 25.21 meters long from east to west, 12.9 meters long from south to north. The top of the platform is surrounded by carved stone railings and drainage taps. There is a roll hole in the north-south direction of the center of the platform, which is like a half octagonal shape. It belongs to a special structure of ancient Chinese brick arch. The roll hole is 6.32 meters wide, 7.27 meters high and 17.57 meters long, and can be used by cars and horses.

There are two layers of flat stone plates on the top of Juyongguan cloud platform in four directions, with Ruyi cloud, animal face and tassels hanging beads on them. A circle of stone guardrail is installed above the stone flat plate. There are stone sculpture heads for drainage under the guardrail pillar and at the four corners of the platform top.

characteristic

The Yuntai of Juyongguan is a white marble pedestal with a big bottom and a small top. The relief and decoration inside and outside the gate are of Tibetan style.

On the whole, Juyongguan Yuntai reliefs depict the characters in detail, combining movement with stillness, combining hardness with softness, which can be regarded as a masterpiece of Yuan Dynasty sculpture art.

Cultural relics

There are five Mandala patterns carved on the top of the inner wall of the Yuntai ticket door of Juyong Pass, ten square Buddha patterns carved on the inclined top, and Thousand Buddhas carved between mandala and ten square Buddha. The vertical walls on both sides are carved with four statues of heavenly kings, two on the East and two on the West. There are stone inscriptions on both sides of the four heavenly kings' statues. On one side of the statues are the Sutra mantra spelled in Tibetan, Sanskrit, Chinese, basiba, Uighur and Xixia; on the other side are the record of merit and virtue of building pagodas recorded in Tibetan, Chinese, basiba, Uighur and Xixia. There are four round relief sculptures on both sides of the outer side of the north and South Gate, with the Mirs golden winged bird in the middle. The left and right symmetrical carvings have "six pieces" such as whale, dragon, boy riding monster and two elephants.

The main Buddha statues of the five mandala on the inner wall of the Yuntai gate of Juyong Pass are: Sakyamuni Buddha (Tathagata Buddha), Amitabha Buddha (Bodhisattva form), Buddha (Bodhisattva form), Vajrayana Bodhisattva and Puming Bodhisattva from north to south. In addition to Sakyamuni as the Buddha, the other four Bodhisattvas appear here, which means that they are the four masters. Five mandala and other Buddha statues, a total of 197. There are 102 small Buddhas around each of the ten Buddhas, with a total of 1020 small Buddhas. These little Buddhas were carved by eunuch Gu Chun, who guarded Yongning (now Yanqing County) during the construction of Tai'an temple in the orthodox period of Ming Dynasty. Along with the bodhisattvas and bhikkhu under the ten Buddhas, there are 1060 statues on both sides of the top of the ticket.

History and culture

Juyonguan Great Wall

The name of Juyongguan means "migrating to Yongtu". It was named jimenguan, junduguan and Juyongguan in Tang Dynasty, and it was still used in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to records, General Xu Da of the Ming Dynasty once built Guancheng (Juyongguan Great Wall), which spans two mountains, with a circumference of 6.5 kilometers and a height of 14 meters.

Carving scriptures

In the space between the two walls and four heavenly kings of Yuntai gate in Juyong Pass, there are six kinds of inscriptions, such as Buddhist Scripture, Tibetan Scripture, basiba Scripture, Weiwuer Scripture, Xixia Scripture, and Han Scripture. Xixia Scripture is a record of the language of Dangxiang nationality in ancient China. It was created in the first year of Daqing in Xixia (1036-1038). At that time, more than 6000 words were popular. Basiba is a new Mongolian character created by Kublai Khan, the emperor of Yuan Dynasty. Born out of Tibetan, it was written in pinyin and was issued in 1269.

Cultural relic value

Juyongguan Yuntai provides first-hand materials for the study of the history of ethnic relations, Buddhism, architecture and art,

The preserved Xixia and basiba stone inscriptions provide precious material materials for deciphering ancient Chinese characters and studying the history of Xixia and Mongolia.

Cultural relics protection

In 1961, the Beijing Municipal Department of culture allocated funds to repair the Juyongguan Yuntai, and repaired the broken platform top guardrail according to the original form, so that the overall appearance of the Yuntai was improved.

On March 4, 1961, Juyongguan Yuntai was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China.

In 1973, the Yuntai of Juyongguan was repaired in Beijing, which restored the appearance of Tianwang statue and other dilapidated places, solved the problem of water leakage on the top of the Yuntai at that time, and made the appearance of this ancient cultural relic building complete and beautiful.

In 1975, the damaged and fractured pillar head and drainage tap on the top of Juyongguan PTZ were bonded and reinforced with epoxy resin.

In 1984, the Beijing Municipal Cultural Relics working team worked out the protection and repair plan according to the current situation of Juyongguan Yuntai in combination with the Beijing Science and technology project and the national science and technology project "Research on the application of silicone in the protection of ancient relics and ancient buildings". Focus on solving the problems of stone weathering and cave top leakage, and thoroughly control the chaotic environment caused by human activities around Yuntai. The plan was submitted to the State Administration of cultural relics of the Ministry of culture in March 1984, and construction was carried out after approval in April 1984.

From 2000 to 2002, the stone pavement of Yuntai ancient road pedestrian street in Juyongguan was repaired by the second phase repair project.

Tourism information

geographical position

Juyongguan Yuntai is located in the city of Juyongguan in the north of Nankou Town, Changping District, Beijing.

Opening Hours

January 1 - December 31

Ticket Price

Free. Tickets are included in the great wall of Juyongguan.

Traffic information

Take no.919 bus to Juyongguan Great Wall in Beijing and walk 818 meters.

Address: in the great wall of Juyongguan, 216 provincial road, Juyongguan village, Nankou Town, Changping District, Beijing

Longitude: 116.0746993868

Latitude: 40.2903878696

Ticket information: no ticket required. Tickets are included in the great wall of Juyongguan

Chinese PinYin : Ju Yong Guan Yun Tai