Xiaonanhai National Geopark

Chongqing Qianjiang Xiaonanhai National Geopark

synonym

Xiaonanhai National Geopark generally refers to Chongqing Qianjiang Xiaonanhai National Geopark

Chongqing Qianjiang Xiaonanhai National Geopark is located in the north of Qianjiang District on the southeast edge of Chongqing, nearly 400km away from Chongqing highway. It connects Youyang in the south, Pengshui in the west, Lichuan in Hubei Province in the north, and a small corner of Xianfeng County in Hubei Province in the northeast. Its geographical coordinates are: east longitude 108 ° 38'20 "- 108 ° 49'48", north latitude 29 ° 31'14 "- 29 ° 43'27".

geographical position

1.1 location

Lake, located at the junction of Chongqing and Hubei, more than 30 kilometers north of Qianjiang City, about an hour's drive.

1.2 specific scope

square kilometre.

Geomorphological origin

Xiaonanhai is an earthquake dammed lake formed by landslides and streams during the earthquake. It is the longest and best preserved earthquake dammed lake in China, and it is also "extremely rare" in the world. Surrounded by Xiufeng, the water in the lake is green and the scenery is picturesque. Xiaonanhai earthquake site is unique in China and rare in the world. Its earthquake collapse and slide mass, colluvial deposit and silting dam can be seen clearly up to now. In 2001, it was approved by the State Seismological Bureau as "Qianjiang Xiaonanhai national earthquake site protection area" and "national science popularization and education base for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction".

The earthquake site is the most valuable place for scientific research and tourism in Xiaonanhai. Xiaonanhai is located in the fold belt of Eastern Chongqing and Western Hubei, with Sinian metamorphic rocks as the basement. The recent tectonic movement is mainly characterized by large-area uplift. Therefore, the occurrence of the Xiaonanhai earthquake may be related to the activity of basement faults in this area. As Xiaonanhai is far away from the city and sparsely populated, the earthquake site has been completely preserved.

scenic spot

3.1 geological relics

The main geological relics include Xiaonanhai earthquake site, Bamianshan karst geology and geomorphology, yangtoushan karst geology and geomorphology, paleontological fossil remains, sedimentary structure, ancient glacial remains and flowing water landform. The main natural landscapes include large rockfall, small rockfall, Jiaoding mountain, landslide body, rockfill dam, barrier lake, karst landscape (stone bud, stalagmite, peak forest, funnel, dissolution depression, etc.), ripple mark, trough film, gully model and insect trace structure in mudstone shale, glacier U-shaped Valley, moraine body, etc.

3.2 cultural landscape

Xiaonanhai is surrounded by beautiful peaks and picturesque scenery. Xiaonanhai earthquake site is unique in China and rare in the world. Its earthquake collapse and slide mass, colluvial deposit and silting dam can be seen clearly up to now.

Xiaonanhai, formerly known as xiaoyinghai, is located in Qianjiang District, covering an area of about 30 square kilometers. It is a high mountain freshwater annihilation Lake scenic spot Integrating Mountain, water, island, gorge and other scenery. Known as "the Pearl of the mountains", "fairyland on earth". Xiaonanhai is the most well preserved ancient earthquake site in China, with an elevation of 370.5 meters and an area of 2.87 square kilometers. The lake is about 5 km long and 1 km wide. The average depth of the lake is 30 meters, the deepest is more than 50 meters, the storage capacity is about 7020 cubic meters, and the accumulated rain area is 150 square kilometers. There are banjiaxi, baihexi, baifanxi, qingxigou, Xiaoxigou and other five streams, which are rich in water resources and good in water quality. According to Qianjiang county annals of Qing Dynasty, "prince in May of the sixth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (AD 1857), the earth quake, the landslide in Houba Township, and the Xikou was buried and blocked. Later, in the midsummer, the rain *, the river was blocked and the chawa was wrapped up for more than 20 Li. In the six year (1856) earthquake of Qing Xianfeng, the valley was then buried and daze *. The remains of the earthquake, such as the great collapse, the small collapse, the broken blockhouse cliffs and the dam made of rocks, are still clearly visible today. Xiaonanhai is surrounded by Xiufeng. At the mouth of the lake, strange stones stand up and streams linger. There are many branches in the lake, and there are many trees and bamboos on the island. Chaoyang temple, laoguanping, Niubei three islands, ancient pines block out the sun, Camellia Lianyun, cottage bamboo house, crowing of chickens and barking of dogs, a school of pastoral scenery. Xiaonanhai is a fresh water lake with mountains, waters, islands and gorges. Known as "the Pearl of the mountains", "fairyland on earth". There are many scholars chanting. The travel notes of the Qing Dynasty praised Xiaonanhai as "beautiful and quiet", "no different from Dongting Junshan" and "better than Jialing mountains and waters". As Wang Guozhen of the Qing Dynasty described Xiaonanhai four seasons: "you can travel to the place where the smoke disappears, the sun rises, the golden light shines, the clouds break through, and the silver waves are thousands of layers If the spring is bright willow shore, summer is full of water, autumn has mangroves and green mountains, winter like snow peak silver sea. The scenery of the four seasons is impressive. " From Bamianshan to Xiaonanhai, you can feel both the magnificence of the mountain and the beauty of the lake. It is an excellent hiking route in Qianjiang district.

Chaoyang Temple Island is located in Xiaonanhai Geopark. Chaoyang Temple Island, named after the Chaoyang temple on the island, is also called "Butterfly Island" because it is shaped like a butterfly, covering an area of 96.9 mu. Chaoyang temple was rebuilt by Yang Yuncai, a magistrate of Qianjiang County in 1764. The original temple has four compound buildings and more than 60 houses. It worships Nanhai Guanyin, 24 gods and 18 Arhats. Xiaonanhai got its name because it worshipped Guanyin in Nanhai. Unfortunately, Chaoyang temple was burned in the cultural revolution. Only these ancient pines are left behind. Welcome to Haikou. Nanhai, in Buddhism, is a fairyland where Master Guanyin lives. However, Xiaonanhai in nature is the site of a catastrophe caused by the earthquake.

Xiaonanhai is the longest and best preserved earthquake dammed lake in China, and it is "extremely rare" in the world. According to the investigation of experts from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the magnitude of the earthquake was 6.3 and the damage intensity was 8. During the earthquake, the mountain collapsed for more than 10 kilometers, and 45 million cubic meters of landslide body moved westward for 2 kilometers, blocking the valley with a drop of nearly 100 meters, forming a natural dam with a length of 1170 meters and a height of 67.5 meters. Xiaonanhai earthquake relic area has preserved many kinds of earthquake damage traces, such as collapse cliff surface, landslide body, rockfill dam, barrier lake and inundated forest. It provides a very precious natural entity for earthquake disaster research and has high scientific research value. Because of this, in 2001, the State Seismological Bureau issued two brands for Xiaonanhai, namely "Qianjiang Xiaonanhai national earthquake site protection area" and "national science popularization and education base for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction", which made the scientific and technological value of Xiaonanhai recognized by the society.

Dammed lake is located in Xiaonanhai Geopark. It is the largest natural lake in the city, green water and green island, surrounded by green mountains. Its earthquake site is well preserved. Along the Qianjiang River, the Apeng River Valley, a branch of the Qianjiang River, has excellent scenery. In the Qianjiang River, there are two original canyons, two Tianshengqiao groups, geysers, hot springs, underground rivers, karst caves and other natural wonders. The majestic mount Wuling is full of strange peaks and rocks, and the remaining temples or sites reflect the religious prosperity of that year. In addition, there are yangtoushan Forest Park, huiqianliang primeval forest, Bamianshan, qilinggai, shizhongshan and other rich natural tourism resources, which make people forget to return.

The collapse is located in the Geopark. Up to now, the ruins of the large and small collapse rocks in the north of Haikou, which were formed by the earthquake, are still clearly visible. Under the big and small collapse rocks, there are many rolling stones and huge stones. The diameter of the boulders is generally 1-5 meters, and the larger ones are more than 10 meters. They are pushed from hundreds of meters and piled into a dam in Haikou. The dam is 1170m long from north to south, 67.5m high and 70m wide.

Folk house Diaojiaolou, Tujia people like to live together. One surname is a village, and the surname is the village name or village name. In terms of architectural form, it is mainly stilted building; in terms of building materials, it is mainly wood, with wood structure accounting for the majority, but also civil structure.

Most Tujia people live in mountainous areas, where they live in less flat land, with high mountains, deep forests and lush grass, and are often haunted by snakes, insects and wild animals. As a result, local people build houses based on local materials. The best choice is to lean against the green hill and face the green water. The house foundation is low in front and high in back, so the wooden structure of "hanging tower" came into being. There are "Shuozi" outside the building, and various wooden railings are installed, retaining the custom of "Ganlan" style home ownership of Tujia ancestors.

Tujia stilted building is a typical balustrade building, which is divided into two types: full hanging and half hanging.

The whole hanging type, all hanging deficiency, is relatively rare; the half hanging type, part hanging deficiency, is the mainstream form. In general, several main houses are on the ground, and the left and right corner towers are suspended. In the middle of the main room is the main room, which is opposite to the gate. On one side of the main room is an incense niche to honor the gods and ancestors. The main hall is not used as a living room. Some of them are equipped with fire ponds to meet relatives and guests.

The main house of the house is for parents and the elderly. The hanging buildings on both sides are for children. The left is long and the right is young. The four sides of the hanging building are equipped with corridors, carved hurdles and flower windows. The patterns are mostly birds, animals, flowers and plants, implying fortune, longevity and auspiciousness. Most of the buildings are pigsty, cattle pen, or used to place pestle mill, stack firewood and other debris.

Tujia Diaojiaolou, in the minority wooden building, is a dazzling art pearl. Cornices, carved dragons, painted phoenixes, carved hurdles and flower windows, red and green, colorful, let people imagine.

Some poets praise it as follows:

The peacock raises its legs first, and the golden pheasant swings its tail first;

How to compare Tujia Diaojiaolou, always open five color quilt.

Address: Nanhai village, Xiaonanhai Town, Qianjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, Chongqing

Longitude: 108.7665

Chinese PinYin : Xiao Nan Hai Guo Jia Di Zhi Gong Yuan