Chen ancestral hall

Chen family ancestral hall

synonym

Chen ancestral hall generally refers to Chen ancestral hall (ancient architecture of Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province)

Chen's Academy, commonly known as Chen ancestral temple, is located in Zhongshan 7th Road, Guangzhou. Chen's Academy was built in 1888 and completed in 1894. It is a "ancestral hall" donated by Chen's clans in Guangdong Province. Its establishment mainly provided temporary residence for the children of the Chen Clan who participated in the donation to prepare for the imperial examination, waiting for office, paying taxes, litigation and other affairs in the provincial capital. In return for the donation, the Chen clan could place their ancestral tablets in the shrine of the Chen Academy.

Chen's Academy is the largest, ornate and well preserved traditional Lingnan ancestral hall building in Guangdong. It covers an area of 15000 square meters, with a main building area of 6400 square meters, and consists of 19 individual buildings.

Chen's Academy concentrates on the great achievements of Guangdong folk architectural decoration art, skillfully using wood carving, brick carving, stone carving, grey sculpture, pottery sculpture, copper iron casting and color painting and other decorative arts. It has a wide range of subjects, vivid shapes, rich colors and exquisite skills. It is a splendid palace of folk decorative art.

Since the 21st century, Chen's academy has twice been selected as the "Eight Sights of Yangcheng in the new century" in the name of "ancient ancestral temple Liufang", known as the "business card of Guangzhou culture", and has become the most cultural and artistic museum and famous tourist attraction in Lingnan.

history

Chen's Academy was proposed by 48 gentlemen of Chen's surname, including Chen Botao of Dongguan, who was once a member of the Imperial Academy. With "Taiqiu Taizu of Han Dynasty" as the ancestor, all Chen's clans in Guangdong counties can join the Academy with only a certain amount of money, and the ancestral tablets are placed in Chen's Academy for worship. The children of the clans can stay in Chen's academy when they go to Guangzhou to prepare for exams or do business.

In 1888 (the 14th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), in the name of Chen Yingchuan hall and Chen Shichang hall, they purchased the properties with a total area of 36600 square meters, such as Lianyuan street outside the west gate of Guangzhou, Fu pond in lizhiwan and enlongli, to build Chen's Academy. In 1894, the Academy was completed.

After the abolition of the imperial examination in 1905, the Academy was transformed into Chen's industrial school. During the period of the Republic of China, there were Wenfan school, Guangdong sports college and Juxian middle school.

Guangzhou administrative cadre school was established in 1950.

Guangzhou administrative cadre school was established in 1950.

In 1957, it was approved by the Guangzhou Municipal People's Committee and listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Guangzhou, and it was fully maintained and managed by the Guangzhou Municipal Cultural Relics Administration Committee.

In 1959, the Academy was established as a museum of folk arts and crafts in Guangdong. It mainly collects, preserves, researches and displays various kinds of folk arts and crafts in Guangdong. And folk arts and crafts all over the country. There are many exhibition halls in the museum, displaying the cultural relics all the year round. The exhibits include ceramics, carving, embroidery and other exquisite crafts.

Approved by the provincial people's Government in 1960, it was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Guangdong Province.

In 1966, the Guangdong folk arts and Crafts Museum was closed, and the main building of Chenjiaci was occupied by Guangzhou Xinhua printing factory as a printing workshop. In September, Guangzhou film machinery factory occupied the east courtyard and backyard of Chenjiaci.

In 1980, Guangzhou Xinhua printing factory moved out. In 1981, Chen ancestral hall was fully restored and repaired, and in 1983, it was reopened to the public.

In 1986, it was promulgated by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit. Under the protection and management of the cultural relics department, this group of art buildings can be carried forward for people at home and abroad to observe and appreciate.

In 1994, it was renamed Guangdong folk arts and Crafts Museum.

In 1996, it was rated as the top ten scenic spots in Guangzhou.

In 2002, 2011, Chen ancestral hall was selected as the "Eight Sights of Yangcheng" in the new century twice with the elegant name of "ancient ancestral hall remains fragrant" and "ancient ancestral hall flows fragrant".

Structural layout

Chen's Academy faces south. Its main building is 80 meters in width and depth, and its plane is square. It is a courtyard layout of "three entrances, three roads, nine halls and two chambers" in China. It is composed of nine halls, six courtyards, 10 wing rooms and long corridors, with a construction area of 8000 square meters. There is a new 17000 square meter green square in the east of the courtyard. Its overall structural layout is rigorous, virtual and real, the hall is magnificent, and the courtyard is spacious and elegant.

Zhongjin hall Juxian hall is the center of the academy building. It is the place where people held spring and autumn sacrifices or meetings. The hall is magnificent and the courtyard is spacious. The beams are exquisitely carved, and the huge screens in the hall are exquisitely carved. The ceramic tile ridge on the roof is 27 meters long and 4.2 meters high. It is the work of Wen Rubi, a ceramic firm in Shiwan, Guangdong Province in the Qing Dynasty. In front of the hall are white stone terraces, stone railings inlaid with iron flowers and other pictures. The hall is 27 meters wide and 16.70 meters deep. It is a wooden frame of Tong Tang, which is used to lift the beam with a pier, set up a bucket arch, 21 frames and 6 living out of the front and back porches. There are 12 double-sided carved screen doors in the middle of the back pillar, with flower covers on both sides. There is a platform in front of the hall, stone railings and watchposts are decorated with Lingnan Jiaguo, inlaid with iron cast flower railings. The color contrast is bright and the decoration is gorgeous, highlighting the central position of Juxian hall.

Zhongjin East West Hall is 14.05 meters wide and 16.70 meters deep. The beam is lifted by pier, the bucket arch is set, 21 6-column gable purlins are set, and the front and back porches are out. Four double-sided carved partition fans are installed in the main room of the back pillar, and flower partition fans are installed in the secondary room of the back pillar and in the front and back of the hall. The three back hall are the hall where Chen's ancestral tablets and people's sacrifices are set up. The hall is 27 meters wide and 16.40 meters deep. Using melon column to lift the beam, 21 frames with 5 columns, the back wall bears the load, and the front comes out of the rolling shed gallery. In the back of the hall, between the old eaves and pillars, there is a wooden carved niche cover with a height of more than 5 meters and a height of more than 7 meters.

The East-West hall is 14.05 meters wide and 16.40 meters deep. The beams are lifted with melon columns, 21 purlins are supported by 5-column Gables, and the front is rolled out of the shed gallery. The hall door is 14 open flower partition doors. The hall is also equipped with a wooden niche cover, but the scale is slightly smaller than that of the hall. Dongxizhai and wing room were slightly low, which were the main rooms for teaching and reading in the Academy. Dongxizhai is a single room with gable purlin. The interior of the house is decorated with a combination of lintels, partition fans and floor coverings. The back window is made of tinted glass. There is a small patio in front of the studio, which makes it very clear indoors and outdoors.

Sculpture art

The architecture of Chen ancestral hall is famous for its exquisite decoration and magnificence. Wood carving, stone carving, brick carving, clay sculpture, pottery sculpture, iron casting and other decorations are all over the eaves, halls, courtyards and corridors inside and outside the ancestral hall. The design has a wide range of themes, vivid modeling, exquisite carving skills, simple and extensive brushwork, and is integrated with the majestic hall, known as the "Pearl of Lingnan architectural art".

In front of the Chen ancestral temple, there are six large brick carvings in scroll style, each of which is 4 meters long. They are carved with green bricks one by one and then connected into one. The three-dimensional and multi-level pictures include myths and legends, landscape gardens, flowers, fruits, animals, Zhongding Yi inscriptions, etc. Pottery and sculpture are concentrated on the tile ridges on the roofs of 19 halls; brick carvings are the largest on the East and west side of the outer walls; gray carvings are concentrated on the tile ridges and courtyard corridors, which are made by gray carvings artists in Nanhai; besides the beam frame, gate and screen of Juxian hall, there are 11 double-layer openwork shrines in the back seat, which are tall and big, including "made in the 16th year of Guangxu", "made by Liu Dechang of Huilan bridge", "made by Shitai of Yuanchang Street", etc The title money.

All kinds of carving decoration in the building are mainly organized by the builders to the counties in the province, and a large number of skilled craftsmen are employed to concentrate in Guangzhou for production. According to the available information, the artists participating in the brick carving include Huang Nanshan, Yang Jianting and Li Bizhu from Panyu, and Chen Zhaonan, Liang Cheng and Liang Jin from Nanhai county. Among them, huangnanshan has the largest number of sculptures.

Chen ancestral hall was renovated in 1958 and turned into Guangdong folk arts and Crafts Museum. Comrade Guo Moruo once left a five character poem after his visit in 1959: "the workers in heaven can be replaced, but the workers in heaven are inferior. Sure enough, it's better to build the world than to read for ten years. " As early as the 1920s, the architectural decoration technology of Chen ancestral temple has been paid attention to by domestic and foreign architectural experts and scholars. There are Monographs on architectural art in Germany and Japan.

Wood carving

Wood carving is the largest number and scale of architectural decoration in Chen's Academy. Wood carving industry gradually became prosperous in the Ming Dynasty. With the development of hardwood (commonly known as mahogany) furniture, it became a kind of traditional handicraft in Lingnan. Wood carvings are widely used in the interior of Chen's Academy, such as screen door block, niche cover, flower cover, beam frame, mound, bucket arch, cornice, sparrow and so on.

The wood carving of Chen's Academy is mainly composed of relief carving and carving. Almost all the wood components of the building are carved with countless historical stories and auspicious patterns. On the beam of the first entrance gate are carved wood carvings based on historical stories and folklore, such as "the birthday of the queen mother" and "the alliance of the practitioners". The most prominent one is a group of Tongque stage in the romance of the Three Kingdoms, which depicts Cao Cao sitting on the Tongque stage to watch the martial arts competition among the members of the school, and highlights the inseparable scene of Xu Huang and Xu Chu fighting for the Royal robe after the martial arts competition.

Zhongjin's 20 double-sided carved screens with historical stories and folklore as the theme are known as "a corridor of historical stories carved by folk artists using wood and steel knives". 11 in the back hall

Chinese PinYin : Chen Jia Ci