Chengdu Huangcheng Mosque

Huangcheng mosque is one of the famous mosques in Southwest China, which is located in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. It is the only open religious activity place in the city center. The temple is named because it is close to the Palace site of a dynasty in local history. It was first established in the 16th century and began to be repaired in 1858. In 1917, the temple was seriously damaged by the war. Although it was rebuilt again soon, its scale has been greatly reduced due to limited financial resources. It used to cover an area of more than 6600 square meters, but later it was reduced to more than 5000 square meters. Nevertheless, it is still the largest mosque in Sichuan Province and one of the most famous ancient mosques in China. Beside the temple is Chengdu northwest middle school, a famous Hui middle school in Chengdu.

Initial construction

According to folklore, the temple was built in the middle of the Ming Dynasty; however, according to the information of the Ministry of interior of the national government in 1936, the temple was built in 1666, the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, and it was donated by qibaba, a native of Yunnan in the early Qing Dynasty.

Renovation and reconstruction

At present, the horizontal plaque of "Kaitian ancient religion" hanging on the second gate of the temple is erected in 1729, the seventh year of Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, and repaired in 1858, the eighth year of Xianfeng reign of the Qing Dynasty. In 1917, it was destroyed in the war and then repaired. It has continued to this day, but its scale is far less than before.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it was renovated several times. In 1979, the government subsidized 60000 yuan, which was more comprehensive. Not long ago, it was rebuilt and expanded. The interior of the chapel was covered with boards, the interior was coated with moisture-proof agent, the exterior was painted and polished, the ceiling was made of plastic, and lamps and ceiling fans were installed. There are four new bathrooms for women. The walls of the bathrooms for men and women are made of tile, and the floor is mosaic. There are water boilers and shower heads.

Relocation and construction

The construction of Tianfu Square has been the long cherished wish of Chengdu people for many years. As early as the 1950s, it was proposed and planned. In 1979, the scope of the square was basically determined. In 1997, the State Council approved the "master plan of Chengdu City 1980-2000". On the basis of clarifying the scope and pattern of the square, the Chengdu government officially decided to organize and implement the Tianfu Square Construction Project by stages. In order to strengthen the reconstruction and construction of the square, the municipal government approved the establishment of the square reconstruction and construction headquarters, and determined that the East and West squares should be implemented by the city trunk road headquarters and the city unified construction office respectively. At the beginning of the project, the contradiction between the imperial mosque, which is located in the planning site of the west square, and the requirements of the general planning of the square is quickly highlighted: according to the general planning scheme of the square, the housing facilities between the second gate and Zhaobi of the original imperial Mosque are all pressed on the red line of the one-way road in the west of the square in the planning, which cannot be avoided, and the original appearance of the imperial mosque cannot be restored after the formation of the road and square. After the municipal government organized experts and scholars to demonstrate repeatedly, and widely solicited the opinions of the general public and all sectors of society, the overall situation, weighing the pros and cons, finally decided to move the construction of the Imperial City mosque. As a last resort, this measure has become the focus and difficulty of the reconstruction of the square, which brings a great test to the demolition and reconstruction of the west square.

The mosque of the imperial city was built in 1666. It was burned in 1917 and rebuilt in 1924. After the "Cultural Revolution", it was listed as one of the first batch of 24 mosques opened in China, which has a certain influence in Southwest China and even in the whole country. The temple is an ancient building with the unique style of Ming and Qing Dynasties in the south. It is independent of the old imperial city dam in the center of the city, and is reflected by the Wangjiang tower in the east of the city, Qingyang palace and Dufu thatched cottage in the west of the city, Wuhou Temple in the south of the city, Manjusri temple and Zhaojue temple in the north of the city, which sets off the vicissitudes and simplicity of Chengdu, a famous historical and cultural city in China. With the passage of time, it not only witnessed the long history of this ancient city, but also left the feeling of recalling the past and cherishing the present for generations of Chengdu people.

In order to obey the overall situation of urban construction, the majority of Muslims can understand and support it. However, there are also a few Hui people who are difficult to accept emotionally and habitually and put forward some ideas and opinions different from the relocation plan. Even a few people organize and mobilize some Hui people to write letters to the provincial government and the State Council and send representatives to Beijing to petition. The impact affected the party and the relevant high-level departments of the state, as well as the National Islamic Association and Muslim religious organizations.

In order to do a good job in the relocation and construction of mosques in the Imperial City, the Square headquarters, the Municipal Office of unified construction and other relevant departments have increased their efforts in governing, law enforcement and handling affairs. First of all, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State Council and Sichuan Province, they not only consider the needs of urban construction and development, but also respect and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of ethnic minorities and religious groups, and strictly follow the national ethnic policies and regulations on the management of house demolition In terms of relevant regulations, fully relying on the Central Committee, the united front and religious administration departments of provinces and cities, and religious organizations at all levels, Chengdu Hui Muslims have negotiated with the City Association for Iraq for many times to reach a consensus on reasonable compensation, site selection of new temples, relocation procedures and design requirements, formally signed an agreement, and submitted it to the provincial and municipal religious bureaus for approval according to the regulations; secondly, according to the requirements of the municipal Party committee and the municipal government According to the requirements of "not only implementing the policy of house demolition, but also doing a good job according to the ethnic and religious policies", the Square headquarters, the Municipal Office of unified construction and other departments have done a lot of work to select and formulate the relocation plan of the mosque in the imperial city. In April 1997, they organized the relevant personnel of the Municipal Association for Iraq, the United Front Work Department, and the Planning Bureau to visit the local mosques in Xi'an, Yinchuan, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Shanghai, etc Through the visit and comparison, we can learn from the experience of the new temple. After repeated comparison and strict selection, the new temple designed by Sichuan Architectural Design Institute was finally determined as the selected scheme. The design scheme not only retains the style of the original temple, but also has the characteristics of unique and novel shape, reasonable structure and complete functions, which has been highly praised by all sessions. The new temple covers an area of 6.173 mu (the original temple covers an area of 5.234 mu), with a construction area of 5941 square meters (the original temple covers an area of 2473 square meters), and the planning land and construction scale are larger than the original temple. The location of the new temple not only belongs to the scope of the imperial city and contains historical factors, but also has a superior location with two sides facing the street and convenient transportation, which is not only conducive to religious activities, but also conducive to religious "self-reliance" and economic development. Thirdly, on the premise of maintaining national unity and ensuring stability, we should do well in the work of the Hui people in an organized and planned way. Through dialogue and discussion, some Muslims who are difficult to accept emotionally and habitually are repeatedly explained, convinced and channeled so that they can understand. At the same time, in accordance with the relevant policies, we should reasonably solve the problems of compensation, places for religious activities and cultural relics protection.

According to the design requirements and under the supervision of the City Association for Iraq, the project of the former Imam new mosque of Huangcheng temple was completed on schedule, and the quality of the project reached the excellent standard after acceptance. After the completion of the new temple, Imam an Tuwei, director of China Association for Iraq, inscribed the name of the new temple, and Wan yuebin, vice president and Secretary General of China Association for Iraq, inscribed the plaque of "two auspicious days" for the new temple. On July 17, 1998, the Square headquarters held a new temple transfer meeting to clarify the conditions, contents, methods and steps of the transfer. On the morning of October 9, 1998, the Municipal United Front Work Department held a briefing meeting to convey the important instructions of the leaders of the central United Front Work Department and the National People's Commission on the relocation and construction of the Huangcheng mosque. On the afternoon of October 9, 1998, the leaders of the National People's Commission inspected the new temple and wrote inscriptions. On October 12, 1998, the management leading group and the temporary management group for the transfer of the mosque in the imperial city were approved to set up and officially started work. On November 14, 1998, the City Association for Iraq proposed a report on the budget for the completion ceremony and opening ceremony of the new mosque and related issues. Soon, the "completion ceremony and handover ceremony of Chengdu Huangcheng mosque" was solemnly held. At this point, the relocation of the mosque in Tianfu Square also ended.

The Huangcheng mosque first covers an area of more than 10 mu, and now covers an area of 7 Mu and 7 Fen (about 5138 square meters, including the original Muslim girls' primary school Huimin primary school). It was moved from the original Huangcheng mosque in November 1998, covering an area of 6.13 Mu and a construction area of 5600 square meters.

According to the data of the Ministry of interior of the national government in 1936, there are 20 Temple houses, 42 pavement, 7 courtyards and 96 Mu fertile fields in Pixian, Huayang and Chengdu. Its property is abundant, ranking first among the 13 mosques in the city.

Style features

The general layout of the mosque in the imperial city adopts the traditional Chinese temple garden layout, with a deep courtyard in the south. Although the modeling of Jianzu is in the style of the early Qing Dynasty, the decoration strictly abides by the Islamic rules, and only uses plants and Islamic scriptures instead of animals and birds. In June 1997, it was razed to the ground for construction. The new temple integrates Arab architectural style and imitating Ming and Qing architectural style.

There is a 9-meter-long and 4-meter-wide screen wall built in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. The gate is three wide. The central gate is hung with a horizontal plaque of "the mosque of the imperial city". There is a Doumen on the left and right. There is a fence outside the gate. On both sides of the aisle inside the gate, there is a Ginkgo biloba tree more than 200 years old, tall and straight, with branches and leaves filling the court. Then there are three arched gates, cross the corridor, cross the courtyard dam, and reach the worship hall. The hall is elegant, magnificent and ancient Simple and dignified.

Main buildings

The worship hall covers an area of about 380 square meters and can accommodate 600 or 700 people. There is a bunker building in the temple, a bathing room in the north and south of the main hall, and a sutra collection building in the second door. The buildings, halls, pavilions and interiors are modern facilities, while the exterior as a whole still has the style of ancient architecture. The steles, plaques and couplets in the temple were destroyed in the "Cultural Revolution", including the book of Prince Guo of the Qing Dynasty that "the world abides by good rules" and the book of Luo Chengxiang, the number one scholar in Chengdu, that "kaitiangu"

Chinese PinYin : Cheng Dou Shi Huang Cheng Qing Zhen Si