Tianjin University

Tianjin University, formerly known as Beiyang University, was founded in October 1895 and is the first modern university in China. " Xifu crabapple is planted all over the campus. In April and may every year, crabapple is in full bloom, and its color is particularly eye-catching and spectacular. At the end of April every year, Tianjin University will hold Begonia season activities.

essential information

Historical evolution

Late Qing Dynasty / Beiyang university period

Beiyang University, the predecessor of Tianjin University, was founded after the Sino Japanese War of 1895. Sheng Xuanhuai, a representative of the Industrial School of the Westernization Movement, realized that "the first step in self-improvement is to store talents, and the first step is to start a school". After Sheng Xuanhuai took office in 1892, he began to prepare for running a school. On October 2, 1895, Emperor Guangxu approved the establishment of Tianjin Beiyang Western learning school. Sheng Xuanhuai was the first supervisor of the school. The school was located in the former site of Tianjin Beiyun River dayingmen Bowen Academy.

In 1896, Beiyang western school was officially renamed as Beiyang University. It was the first university in China to be named "University".

In 1899, the first student of Tianjin Beiyang university graduated. In January 1900, the school awarded the first university diploma in Chinese history. As a result of the best results, Hong Kong student Wang Chonghui became the "Chin Zi No. 1" diploma winner.

According to the modern mode of the United States, Beiyang university has established a set of relatively perfect education and teaching management system by introducing the western education mode in an all-round way. It has established the first-class school (undergraduate course) and the second-class school (preparatory course) with four-year schooling system respectively. The first-class school set up four specialized subjects (i.e. departments): Engineering, mining, machine science, and law science. In 1897, the school added a railway specialty, and in 1898, it set up a railway school. The above-mentioned subjects were needed by the Chinese society at that time, reflecting the founding purpose of "revitalizing learning and saving the country" of Beiyang University.

In 1900, the Allied forces of the eight countries invaded Tianjin and Beijing, and the school buildings were occupied by the enemy soldiers. The equipment, documents and files were destroyed, and the school was forced to stop. In April 1903, the school officially resumed classes in Tianjin xiguwuku (now the East College of Hongqiao campus of Hebei University of Technology); in the same year, the first batch of graduates of Beiyang University studied in the United States.

In 1903, when Beiyang University started and resumed classes, it divided into three branches: Law, civil engineering, mining and metallurgy. Later, it set up French and Russian classes to meet the needs of foreign affairs. In 1907, it opened the normal education department. So far, Beiyang university has become a new comprehensive university, including arts, law, engineering and normal education. In 1910, Feng Ximin, a student of Beiyang University, won the first place in the palace examination.

Republic of China / national Beiyang university period

The period of specialized engineering

In January 1912, Beiyang University was renamed as Beiyang University, directly under the Ministry of education of the Republic of China. In 1913, it was renamed National Beiyang University. In 1915, president Zhao Tianlin promulgated the school motto: "seek truth from facts".

 

In 1917, the Ministry of education of the national government adjusted the subjects and departments of Beiyang University and Peking University. Beiyang University was changed into a specialized engineering department. The law department was transferred to Peking University, and the Engineering Department of Peking University was transferred to Beiyang University. Since then, Beiyang university has entered the era of specialized engineering.

In 1928, Beiyang University was renamed the second Institute of technology of National Peking University. Soon the university district system was abolished and Beiyang University was temporarily called "national Beiyang Institute of technology". Beiyang Institute of technology was established in 1933. In 1934, its constitution was approved by the Ministry of education. At the beginning of 1935, it began to recruit graduate students. The first graduate student graduated before the July 7th incident in 1937 and was awarded a master's degree.

the period of the war of Resistance Against Japan

On July 7, 1937, the Japanese invading army launched a comprehensive war of aggression against China. On July 30, Tianjin fell. On September 10, the Ministry of education ordered "the establishment of Xi'an temporary university based on Peking University, Peking Normal University, Beiyang Institute of technology and Peking Research Institute". In March 1938, Xi'an temporary University was renamed National northwest United University. In July, the Ministry of education ordered the northwest Associated University to be reorganized into Northwest University, Northwest Institute of technology, Northwest Normal University and Northwest Medical College.

The national Northwest Institute of Technology (also known as the Institute of technology of national northwest United University) is composed of Beiyang Institute of Technology (Tianjin University), Beiping University Institute of technology, Jiaozuo University of Technology (China University of mining and Technology) and Northeast University Institute of Technology (Northeast University). The Institute is located in guluba, Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province.

In October 1941, the Beiyang alumni held consultations on the resumption of the school, and decided to establish a private Beiyang Institute of technology, which was jointly organized by the national Beiyang alumni, while calling for the restoration of the national Beiyang Institute of technology. Under this pressure, the executive yuan of the national government upgraded the former Yingshi University of Zhejiang Province to the national Yingshi University in December 1942, and designated its Institute of technology as the national Beiyang Institute of technology, with Chen Hongmin as the acting president. Because it is located in Taishun, Zhejiang Province, it is historically known as "Taishun Beiyang Institute of technology". At the same time, in the spring of 1944, Li Shutian established the Xijing branch of Beiyang Institute of technology in Xi'an, with two departments of civil engineering and water conservancy engineering, and presided over the Xijing branch with the spirit of Beiyang scholarship.

The period of combination of science and Engineering

In August 1945, the Anti Japanese war was won and Tianjin was recovered. The majority of Beiyang teachers, students and alumni put forward a strong demand for the restoration of national Beiyang University. In early 1946, the Ministry of Education officially ordered the restoration of the national Beiyang University, focusing on the restoration of the original site of Tianjin Xigu Beiyang University. Since then, teachers and students of Taishun Beiyang Institute of technology, Xijing branch of Beiyang Institute of technology, Northwest Institute of technology and Beiping University have successively returned to Tianjin to participate in the resumption.

On October 22, 1945, Beiyang University officially resumed its schooling and set up a college of science. After the resumption of the University, with the purpose of "studying advanced academic studies and cultivating professional talents", the teaching policy of "never ignore the thorough study of science and technology, and at the same time pay attention to the scientific application, so as to organically combine science and Engineering" was formulated and actively put into practice. At the same time, five engineering research institutes including civil engineering, water conservancy, mining, metallurgy and chemical engineering were established to actively carry out academic exchanges and scientific research He also began to recruit graduate students, which is known as "the fortress of scientific construction".

The period of the people's Republic of China

The period of building a multidisciplinary university of Technology

In January 1949, Tianjin was liberated. In April, Beiyang University officially resumed classes at its original campus.

Since November 1949, Beiyang university has been under the direct leadership of the central Ministry of education. Since then, Beiyang university has carried out a series of reforms, such as strengthening the teaching staff, curriculum reform and management system reform. After the transformation, Beiyang University implemented three-level management of University, college and department, and set up a college of science and engineering.

On September 22, 1951, Beiyang University merged with Hebei Institute of technology and was named Tianjin University.

Before the adjustment of colleges and departments in 1952, Tianjin University had 11 departments including civil engineering, water conservancy, mining, textile, metallurgy, machinery, electrical machinery, chemical engineering, geology, mathematics and physics.

In 1952, in the adjustment of colleges and departments of national universities, the Engineering College of Nankai University, the Engineering College of Jingu University, the Chemical Engineering Department of Tsinghua University, Peking University, Yanjing University, Tangshan railway University, the Architectural Engineering Department of Beijing Railway University, etc. were merged into Tianjin University; the mathematics department and Physics Department of Tianjin University were merged into Nankai University. Since then, the departments transferred from Tianjin University include:

The geological group was selected to participate in the establishment of Beijing Institute of Geosciences (now China University of Geosciences);

Beijing Institute of iron and steel (now Beijing University of science and Technology) was set up with the metal ore group of metallurgy department and mining department as the main body;

The petroleum production group of Mining Department was incorporated into the Department of petroleum engineering of Tsinghua University (now China University of petroleum);

The Department of Aeronautics was incorporated into the school of Aeronautics, Tsinghua University (now Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics);

The mining group of Mining Department was transferred to China University of mining and Technology (now China University of mining and Technology);

The major of farmland water conservancy and soil improvement in Department of water conservancy was transferred to Wuhan University of water conservancy (now school of water conservancy and hydropower, Wuhan University);

The surveying major of Civil Engineering Department was transferred to Wuhan Institute of Surveying and mapping (now Wuhan University College of Surveying and mapping);

Hebei Institute of mining and Metallurgy (now North China University of science and Technology) was established in Tangshan;

Hebei Institute of textile technology (now Tianjin University of Technology) was established by the Department of textile engineering;

The major of papermaking in Department of chemical engineering was transferred to Tianjin Institute of light industry (now Tianjin University of science and Technology);

Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (now Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications) was established with the Department of telecommunications as the main body;

After the adjustment of departments, Tianjin University moved to qilitai, Nankai District.

In 1955, the school re enrolled graduate students.

In 1958, he transferred forces from Tianjin University to re-establish Hebei Institute of Technology (now Hebei University of Technology).

In 1959, Tianjin University was designated as one of the first batch of 16 key universities.

With the outbreak of the cultural revolution in 1966, the normal teaching and scientific research work of the school was greatly impacted, which affected the normal development of the school. After the national unified college entrance examination was resumed in 1977, Tianjin University put things out of order, rectified the order of teaching and scientific research, and resumed the recruitment of Postgraduates in 1978. In February 1978, the first batch of Tianjin University restored its status as a key university directly under the leadership of the Ministry of education before the cultural revolution.

Tianjin, 1978

Chinese PinYin : Tian Jin Da Xue