Dacheng Academy

Dacheng Academy

Located in Shuyuan street, Fugou County, Henan Province, Dacheng Academy was built in Song Dynasty. The existing Dacheng Academy was rebuilt by Miao Yingjin, the county magistrate in 1689.

Dacheng academy is 73.65 meters long from north to south, 39.9 meters wide from east to west, with a total area of 2938.6 square meters. It has three gates, one ancient locust, three Longmen, two ancient pines, three Lixue lecture halls, two rows of East and West Corridor rooms, and 13 rooms in each row, totally 52 rooms. Dacheng academy is a relatively long-standing, large-scale and complete ancient architectural complex, ranking the third in China.

On October 7, 2019, Dacheng Academy was approved as the eighth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical evolution

Dacheng Academy was built in Song Dynasty by Cheng Hao. Since its establishment, Dacheng academy has experienced four dynasties: Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. Later, because of age and bad, coupled with the chaos of war, only the remains of the site.

In 1451, Chen Ji, the county magistrate of the Ming Dynasty, proposed to build a new one, but failed. It happened that Yin neize, the Deputy envoy of the Chief Secretary of Henan Province, came to support and encourage it.

In October 1453, the construction began on the right side in front of the county office, and the reconstruction was completed at the beginning of the next year.

According to the records of Fugou county annals, in 1704, Wu Shixi, the magistrate of the Qing Dynasty, rebuilt the Academy beside Huamin terrace.

In 1717, Yu Shichao, the county magistrate, built a dedicated and happy hall.

In 1747, Wu Rong, the county magistrate of the Qing Dynasty, rebuilt the Academy, which was completed in February. Yang Zhu, the county magistrate, changed the name of the academy to Dacheng Academy.

In the 14th year of Qianlong (1749) of Qing Dynasty, the snow lecture hall was established by the magistrate mabailuo.

In the 20th year of Qianlong (1755), the county magistrate donated money to build it.

In 1767, the county magistrate Zhang Yingtai advised the students to buy 254 mu of land and then donated 380 mu of land to the Academy.

In 1808, Yin Bingyong, magistrate of the county, and Hao Tingzhu, supervisor of the county, donated money to build it.

Qing Guangxu five years (1879), large-scale expansion.

In 1884, magistrate Meng Xianzhang rebuilt Dacheng academy, adding more than 110 rooms, such as gate, Longmen, East and West Wenchang, lecture hall, official hall, flower hall, shanchangyuan, zhaifang, Deacon's room, etc., to integrate the Academy with the examination hall. This time, the Academy was rebuilt and expanded until the next summer, with a Zhaobi in front, Wenchang Pavilion, Kuixing tower and a high wall in the southeast corner. The existing building is the original main building of this expansion, which is well preserved.

The existing "Dacheng academy" was rebuilt by Miao Yingjin, the county magistrate in 1689.

Architectural pattern

structure

Dacheng academy is located in Shuyuan street, Fugou County, Henan Province. It is 73.65 meters long from north to South and 39.9 meters wide from east to west, with a total area of 2938.6 square meters. There are three gates, one ancient locust, three Longmen, two ancient pines and three Lixue lecture halls, which are arranged on the central axis. There are 2 rows of East and West Corridor rooms, 13 rooms in each row, a total of 52 rooms. At that time, as a county examination center, it was the best preserved ancient imperial examination center in China. The two ancient pines beside the examination hall were planted by Miao Yingjin, the county magistrate who rebuilt the Academy.

Dacheng academy has bluestone steps, red lacquer gate, high column and heavy beam, brick hill and tile roof, double eaves overlapping ridge, cloth tile running beast, wood carving and color painting, 10 ear rooms on both sides of the gate, east-west symmetry and gate mixed into one. Inside the gate is the "Longmen", which is similar to the gate in style. It has three wide faces and eight auricles on both sides. From the moon gate to the East and West auricles, each of them has its own courtyard.

characteristic

The overall structure of Dacheng academy is rigorous and the layout is regular. All of them are blue bricks, cloth tiles and colonnade buildings of ancient style. Like the traditional quadrangles in northern China, they are arranged symmetrically along the central axis. The main feature of the northern courtyard is to take the courtyard as the center and surround the courtyard with buildings, thus forming a unique combination form with the external space as the center. In this form of architectural layout, the focus of the line of sight is often concentrated in the center of the courtyard.

Main buildings

Lixue lecture hall

The "Lixue lecture hall" of Dacheng academy is ten meters square. The front wall is a frame structure with lattice doors and windows. It is an important part of the academy building. The "lecture hall" is about ten meters high, three rooms wide, single eaves and brackets. Each room is "Liuzan", and each room is "three Dou and two ang". On the door of the lecture hall is hung the "Lixue lecture hall" written by Wu Sanda, a famous Chinese calligrapher, and on both sides of the gate are decorated with famous books This couplet written by legalist Ma Xiaoxiao: "stand in the snow, see sincerity, respect the teacher to make the model; set up the hall, understand the reason, and pay attention to the high wind of education." Gold plaque, just like the finishing touch, to the classroom inlaid with pearls.

In the middle of the "lecture hall", Cheng Hao's sitting figure is shaped, which reproduces the old historical scene of "spring breeze" when he receives people and treats things. According to historical records, Cheng Hao usually sat alone, or closed his eyes, or thought about problems. He always looked serious and motionless, like a sculpture. While answering questions or dealing with people for students, they are warm and amiable.

Longmen

In the era of imperial examination, it was said that the one who would win the examination was called Longmen, and the entrance to the examination room was called Longmen, which was also a high hope for the students who entered the examination room, and for their enterprising spirit. Li Bai, the great ancient poet, wrote in his poem: "once you climb the dragon's gate, you will be worth a hundred times.". In the past, only in the year of "Dabi" could it be opened. Whenever Longmen was opened, people in Eastern Henan rushed to the academy to "jump Longmen" for good luck. Over time, it became a popular folk custom for people to avoid bad luck and pray for speed. It is said that one jump "Longmen" won the gold medal, the second jump "Longmen" rose to the top, the third jump "Longmen" made a lot of money, the fourth jump "Longmen" had a good marriage for a hundred years, the fifth jump "Longmen" gave birth to a noble son, and the sixth jump "Longmen" gave birth to Fu Shou Kang Ning.

It is said that Longmen is located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, and its flow is very fast. In ancient times, it was said that carp would turn into a dragon when they boarded the gate.

Cultural relics

Historical sculpture

In a group of statues on the east side of Lixue lecture hall, Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao are sitting, while Yang Shi and you you (Yang Shi, LV Dalin and Xie Liangzuo are the four disciples of Chengmen, all of whom once lived in Fugou to learn from Chenghao) are standing respectfully for advice, vividly representing the allusion of "Chengmen Lixue". In 1093, Yang Shi and you Yao had been admitted to the imperial examinations. However, in order to further their studies, they resigned their official positions and came to Cheng Yi for advice. At that time, Yang you and Cheng Yi came to see each other again and again, but in order to test their sincerity, Cheng Yi deliberately closed the door. On a snowy day, they came to Cheng Yi for advice. When he first went there, it was snowy. Later, it snowed more and more. It was more than a foot deep. When Cheng Yi saw that the two of them stood frozen like icemen, he still refused to leave the door. He was eager to learn. He moved Cheng Yi and accepted them as apprentices. Later, people used the story of "respecting teachers and valuing education" to spread, so the hall was called "Lixue lecture hall". In order to educate future generations to be devout and diligent.

The statues in the west of Lixue lecture hall are historical celebrities who have stepped into rentu from "Dacheng academy". Officials include Liu Ziqiang, the Minister of the Ministry of household, the Ministry of war and the Ministry of punishment in Ming Dynasty, Liu zeshen, the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs; Li Mengyang, the talented scholar of Jiangxi Province, the Fu Shi of Jiangxi Province; Du Huazhong, the censor of Guangdong Province; Liu Tang, Du Huazhong, Luo Zan, Cao Jia, Lu Chuanyuan, Hao Weiqiao, he Chuguang, he chutu, and so on.

History and culture

Legends and anecdotes

stand in the snow to wait upon master cheng respectfully

The story of "Cheng men Li Xue" is about the Song Dynasty scholar Yang Shi and you you Yao who asked Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi for advice.

Er Cheng, a native of Yichuan in Luoyang, is a famous Confucianist in Song Dynasty. The theory of Cheng and Zhu was later inherited and developed by Zhu Xi, and was known as "Cheng Zhu school". Yang Shi and you Xun are very respectful to Cheng. After Cheng Hao died, they were both 40 years old and had been admitted to the imperial examination. However, they had to go to Cheng Yi to continue their studies. The story happened on the day when they first went to Fugou Academy (now Dacheng Academy) and visited Cheng Yi.

It is said that one day, Yang Shi and you Yao came to Fugou Academy (now Dacheng Academy) to meet Cheng Yi. They met the old man, who was sitting in a nap with his eyes closed. Cheng Yi knows that there are two guests coming, but he doesn't want to speak and ignore them. Yang and you were afraid to disturb their husband's rest, so they had to stand respectfully and wait for him to open his eyes without saying a word. After waiting for a long time, Cheng Yi just woke up. Seeing Yang and you, he pretended to be surprised and said, "ah! Ah! The wise are here long ago! " It means you two are still here. It was a very cold day in winter. I don't know when it began to snow. The snow outside is more than a foot deep.

The story is called "Cheng men Li Xue", which is very popular among scholars in Song Dynasty. Later, people often use this allusion and idiom to describe respecting teachers and asking for advice sincerely.

Related people

Cheng Hao, h'ao (1032-1085), was a philosopher, educator and founder of Neo Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty. The word Bochun, known as Mr. Mingdao, song Luoyang people. Cheng Yi and Cheng Yi are brothers, known as "Er Cheng" in the world. His great grandfather Cheng Xizhen served as a member of Yu's Ministry, and his grandfather Cheng Yu presented Kaifu instrument to him as a minister of the Ministry of official affairs. His father Cheng Xiangguan went to taizhongda

Chinese PinYin : Da Cheng Shu Yuan