Tongguan ancient city

Tongguan ancient city

Tongguan ancient city, built from the beginning to the Tang Dynasty, had two migrations and three fortifications. The city was changeable and had different facilities. In the early days of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Hanguguan was established in Lingbao County, Henan Province by the Qin Dynasty. Emperor Wu and Emperor Xian moved to Xin'an and hongnongheng mountain in Henan Province.

During the Jian'an period, Emperor Xian moved to the South Gate of Tongguan, which is now Yangjiazhuang and Chengbei Village of Gangkou town. The name of Tongguan originated here. There is no record of its architecture in local records. From its ruins, it starts from the west side of yuanwanggou in the East and passes through Chengbei Village in the west to the East Bank of jinggou. The East and west sides of the valley, flat and broad terrain. During the northern and Southern Dynasties, the battle of Yu wenjue, the Northern Zhou emperor, against Dou Tai, the great general of the Eastern Wei Dynasty took place here. After the victory of emperor min, Tongguan was changed to Tonggu pass.

Development history

In 611 A.D., Tongguan in the Eastern Han Dynasty was moved to the Keng animal ridge Valley (near the forbidden gully of Gangkou town). After the death of the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty still set up defenses here for about 80 years. In the second year of emperor Tianshui of Tang Dynasty (691 A.D.), the government again subsidized the relocation of the pass, the relocation of the Yellow River (the old city site of Gangkou town today), the construction of related buildings, and the excavation of trench outside the city.

In the Ming Dynasty, Tongguan was a military post with Tongguan guards, and the city expanded unprecedentedly. In the ninth year of Hongwu (1376 AD), Guancheng of the former dynasty was expanded to the South and West on a large scale. The East, West and north sides of the city are made of slabs. The height of the city is about 16 meters. In the South and southeast corner, it is cut into crenels along the mountain. The height is more than 30 meters. The perimeter of the city is 11.2 kilometers. This includes Qilin mountain, Fenghuang mountain, Xiangshan Mountain, Yintai mountain and Bijia mountain. There are six Gates: the east gate is named Jindou; the west gate is named Huaiyuan; the south gate is shangnanmen and xiananmen; the north gate is dabeimen and xiaobeimen. The east gate, the west gate and the north gate have tall towers. Jianwen two years (AD 1400) and Xuande years (AD 1512) to Shuiguan building. In 1539, two more gates were built. In 1601 A.D., a large-scale renovation was carried out, which gave these buildings names: the East Gate building was called "Ying en", the East urn building was called "zhanzichu", the East Guo gate building was called "tiandang"; the west gate building still used "Huaiyuan", the West urn building was called "daguanting", the West Guo gate was called "Diwei"; the upper south gate was called "Lingyun", the lower south gate was called "Yingxun"; the north gate was called "Zhaohong", Xiaobeimen is called "Fu Jin", and beishuiguanlou is called "Zhen He". The name is quaint and meaningful.

Tongguan city in Ming Dynasty

For more than 200 years in the Qing Dynasty, Tongguan city was still fortified in the Ming Dynasty. The scale of the city was similar to that of the Ming Dynasty, but it was rebuilt many times and some new buildings were built. In the 53rd year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1788 AD), about 2400 meters of earthen walls were built on the north side of the Yellow River. The South and North Shuiguan buildings were built and the major buildings were rebuilt. There are still six gates. The names of Dongmen and Ximen are still the same. The east gate has five main towers, three arrow towers, and the west gate has seven main towers and seven arrow towers. The big north gate was renamed "Zhenhe", the small north gate was renamed "Gongji", the lower south gate was renamed "Feng", and the upper south gate was renamed "Linyou". There are seven gates in the South and nine gates in the north. They are large-scale, reflecting the mountains and rivers and passing through the water. The stone bridge across the East and the west is like a rainbow, moving back and forth in complex waves. Later, bricks were laid on both the East and west sides of the earth city walls, which were more perfect and magnificent.

Tongguan city in Ming and Qing Dynasties

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, in addition to the grand buildings on the city wall, there are more than 30 temples and stone archways built inside and outside the city, up and down the mountain. These ancient buildings, with carved beams and painted buildings, flying eaves and overlapping peaks, are ancient and exquisitely constructed. In the Qing Dynasty, the streets in Tongguan city were mainly Yuxian street, Shuaifu street, sipaofang street, pailou South Street, pailou North Street, FUBU street, xianmentong street, xiananmen street and Xiguan Street, which were arranged vertically and horizontally, with more than 50 lanes and covered with ups and downs. In this small city, there are so many streets, alleys and ancient buildings, the degree of prosperity can be imagined.

Address: Tongguan County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province

Longitude: 110.280955

Latitude: 34.589712

Chinese PinYin : Tong Guan Gu Cheng