Miyun reservoir

Miyun reservoir, located 13 kilometers north of Miyun County in Beijing, is located in the hills of Yanshan Mountains. It was built in September 1960. It covers an area of 180 square kilometers and is 200 kilometers around Miyun reservoir. With a capacity of 4 billion cubic meters and an average water depth of 30 meters, Miyun reservoir is the largest and only source of drinking water in Beijing. There are two main rivers in Miyun reservoir, Baihe River and Chaohe River.

Miyun reservoir is the largest artificial lake in Asia, known as "the Pearl of Yanshan". There is also a 110 km long highway around the lake around the reservoir, which is one of the scenic spots in Jingdong. The average temperature in summer in the reservoir area is 3 ℃ lower than that in the urban area, so it is a summer resort. Miyun reservoir is a famous fish town in Beijing.

Miyun reservoir

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Miyun reservoir, located 13 kilometers north of Miyun District in Beijing, is located in the hills of Yanshan Mountains. It was built in September 1960. It covers an area of 180 square kilometers and is 200 kilometers around Miyun reservoir. With a capacity of 4 billion cubic meters and an average water depth of 30 meters, Miyun reservoir is the largest and only source of drinking water in Beijing. There are two main rivers in Miyun reservoir, Baihe River and Chaohe River. Miyun reservoir is the largest artificial lake in Asia, known as "the Pearl of Yanshan". There is also a 110 km long highway around the lake around the reservoir, which is one of the scenic spots in Beijing. The average temperature in summer in the reservoir area is 3 ℃ lower than that in the urban area, so it is a summer resort. Miyun reservoir is a famous fish town in Beijing. On November 19, 2017, the water storage of Miyun Reservoir exceeded 2 billion cubic meters, the largest since the 21st century.

Wang Ning is the municipal river chief of Miyun reservoir.

Development history

At the beginning of the construction of Miyun Reservoir in 1958, 65 villages in the reservoir area were relocated in two batches to ensure the construction and flood detention of Miyun reservoir. In less than nine months, more than 50000 people were relocated and resettled.

1974. The water level of Miyun reservoir has reached 153 meters, the highest since the completion of the reservoir. Most of the "yabaodi" (below 157.5m) in the reservoir area was flooded, and some village houses near the reservoir were flooded, which made production and living difficult. Therefore, Miyun District decided to relocate some villages to the south of the reservoir. From 1974 to 1976, nearly 4000 people from 13 villages moved to Shilipu and Xitiangezhuang in the south of the reservoir.

Since 1982, Miyun reservoir has stopped supplying water to Tianjin and Hebei, which is specially designed to protect the domestic water of Beijing residents. Since then, it has been known as the capital's "big water basin" and has continuously delivered water to the city.

1995. After these immigrants, 90% of the villages in Miyun District have immigrant households. The total area of the reservoir is 336000 mu, occupying 240000 mu of cultivated land, accounting for more than 30% of the total area of cultivated land in the county at that time. By the early 1990s, the population around the reservoir had been seriously overloaded. The State Council decided to move 15000 people living below 155 meters of water level and with poor living conditions out of the reservoir area. In 1995, the first group of immigrants moved out, which lasted six years. From around Miyun reservoir, 12484 people moved to Tongzhou and Shunyi in three groups. Another 2724 people chose to go to relatives and friends. Their housing conditions are better than in the past. There are more arable land and employment opportunities than in the past. In particular, their children's educational conditions have improved, creating good conditions for them to get rid of poverty and move towards prosperity. And the problem of population overload around Miyun reservoir has been greatly alleviated.

On November 19, 2017, the storage capacity of Miyun Reservoir reached 2 billion cubic meters for the first time since 2000.

At 18:58 on July 17, 2018, the water level of Miyun Reservoir reached 146.31 meters, the water storage capacity was 2.204 billion cubic meters, and the water surface area was 130.95 square kilometers. Both the water level and the water storage capacity of the reservoir reached the historical high since 1999. The rapid breakthrough of the water storage capacity was due to this round of heavy rainfall.

geographical position

Miyun reservoir is the largest reservoir in Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan area, and is located in North China

The second largest reservoir. It is located in the northeast of Beijing and the middle of Miyun District, more than 70 kilometers away from Beijing and 12 kilometers away from Miyun District in the southwest. The reservoir is located in the lower part of the middle reaches of Chaohe River and Chaohe River. It is formed by blocking the water of Baihe River and Chaohe River.

Reservoir characteristics

The highest water level of the reservoir covers an area of 188 square kilometers, with a water surface area of 137000 Mu and a water depth of 40 to 60 meters. The reservoir is divided into three reservoirs, namely Baihe, Chaohe and Neihu. The maximum reservoir capacity is 4.375 billion cubic meters, equivalent to 67 Ming Tombs reservoirs or 150 Kunming lakes. The highway around the lake is 110 kilometers.

Shape description: Miyun Reservoir looks like an equilateral triangle; when the flood level is 158.5m, the corresponding water surface area is 183.6 square kilometers, the storage capacity is 4.19 billion cubic meters, the normal water level is 157.5m, the corresponding water surface area is 179.33 square kilometers, the storage capacity is 4.008 billion cubic meters, the flood limit water level is 147.0 meters, the corresponding water surface area is 137.54 square kilometers, the storage capacity is 2.338 billion cubic meters, the dead water level is 126.0 meters, the water surface area is 2.338 billion cubic meters It covers an area of 46.154 square kilometers and has a storage capacity of 437 million cubic meters.

Miyun reservoir has two main tributaries, one of which is Baihe River, which originates from Guyuan County, Hebei Province, flows into Miyun reservoir through Chicheng County, Yanqing County and Huairou District; Chaohe River originates from Fengning County, Hebei Province, flows into Miyun reservoir through Luanping county and north entrance since ancient times.

Main buildings

There are 2 main dams, 5 auxiliary dams, 2 water conveyance tunnels, 3 large spillway tunnels, 2 power stations, 1 large regulating pond and 1 Miyun Beijing diversion channel.

Main dam

Chaohe main dam is located about 100 meters southwest of nanjianchang village. It is a rolled earth dam with loam inclined wall and gravel dam body. The overburden of dam foundation is 14m thick. The loam soil is used for anti-seepage and curtain grouting is carried out on the bottom bedrock. The dam crest elevation is 160m, the maximum dam height is 56m, the dam crest length is 1008m and the dam crest width is 8m. 5.062 million cubic meters of earth and stone were filled, with an investment of 25.05 million yuan.

Baihe main dam is located 1 km north of xiwengzhuang village. It is a rolled earth dam with loam inclined wall and gravel dam body. The dam foundation seepage control adopts three methods: loam soil cogging, clay, cement grouting curtain and concrete cutoff wall. The dam crest elevation is 160m, the maximum dam height is 66.4m, the dam crest length is 960.2m, and the width is 8m. 11.017 million cubic meters of earth and stone were filled, with an investment of 51.41 million yuan.

Auxiliary dam

The five auxiliary dams are located in beibaiyan, zoumazhuang, nanshai camel, Xishi camel and jiusongshan, with a total length of 2592 meters. Except zoumazhuang auxiliary dam with core wall and homogeneous earth dam, other dams are roller compacted clay inclined wall dam with stone lining on the dam surface. A total of 18.88 million cubic meters of stonework were filled in the main and auxiliary dams.

Jiusongshan auxiliary dam is located 2.5km to the west of the main dam of Chaohe River. It is a rolled earth dam mouth with loam inclined wall and gravel dam body. The auxiliary dam spans five passes. From west to East, it is designated as No.1 to No.5 dam section respectively. The total length of dam crest is 1059m, and the maximum length of No.1 dam is 35.5m. 1.232 million cubic meters of earth and stone were filled, with an investment of 5.03 million yuan.

Beibaiyan auxiliary dam is located 1.5km west of Baihe main dam. It is a rolled earth dam with loam inclined wall and gravel permeable material. The dam is 15.7m high and the crest is 120m long. 39000 cubic meters of earth and stone were filled, with an investment of 240000 yuan.

Zoumazhuang auxiliary dam is located 1.5km east of Baihe main dam, which is a loam core earth dam. There are five passes, which are divided into No.1 to No.5 dam sections in turn. The maximum dam height is 39 meters, and the total height of the dam crest is 519.3 meters. 508000 cubic meters of earth and stone were filled, with an investment of 2.87 million yuan.

Xishi Luotuo auxiliary dam is located in the middle of xiyakou in shihtuotuo basin. It is divided into two dam sections, which are inclined wall dam and core wall dam. The maximum dam height is 20.1 meters, and the total height of the dam crest is 220 meters. 87000 cubic meters of earth and stone were filled, and 3.15 million yuan was shared with Nansha camel auxiliary dam.

Nanshi Luotuo auxiliary dam is located on the platform to the north of erjiayu village in the south of shihtuo basin. A water delivery pipeline with outlet diameter of 70cm is buried 350 meters from the right dam head to the left. The length of the dam is 637m and the maximum height is 26.9m. 388000 cubic meters of earth and stone were filled.

Regulating pool

Located in the east of gongzhuangzi village at the downstream of the main dam of Baihe River, it is connected with the tailrace channel of Baihe hydropower station on the top and the Jingmi diversion channel on the bottom to regulate the tailrace of power generation and supply water to the capital. It was built from August to December 1960. After reconstruction, the total storage capacity is 5.03 million cubic meters, and the effective storage capacity is 2.1 million cubic meters, covering an area of more than 710000 square meters. The main facilities include reverse channel, dam, discharge pipeline, water retaining gate, water supply gate, discharge gate, etc.

Diversion canal

Jingmi diversion canal is a large-scale channel for water delivery to the capital. The canal is 110 km long, flows through five counties, and ends at Yuyuantan. It undertakes the task of 2 million mu farmland irrigation and water supply in Beijing suburb. It will be completed in two phases. The first phase of the project is from the regulating pool to xitui village in Changping County, which was built from 1960 to March 1961; the second phase is from xitui village to Yuyuantan, which was built from September 1965 to March 1961

Chinese PinYin : Mi Yun Shui Ku