The Great Wall Juyongguan

Juyong Pass is a famous pass city along the Great Wall, known as one of the three pass cities of the Great Wall. It is very steep to build along the mountain. There is a plaque of "the most powerful pass in the world" on the upper floor of Juyong Pass, which is a tourist attraction for group photos. And here beautiful mountains, trees layer upon layer, "Juyong jucui" is also a famous scenery around the capital.

To visit Juyongguan, most people focus on climbing the great wall and enjoying the scenery at the top of the mountain. You need to walk in the scenic area. It takes about three hours to climb to the highest beacon tower. You need a certain amount of physical strength. You should be prepared before you play.

To get to the scenic spot, you should first come to the square of Juyongguan scenic area at the foot of the mountain. There is a stone gate called Yuntai, which is a treasure of Tibetan Buddhism architecture with white stone structure. The two walls of the inner passage of Yuntai are carved with Bodhisattvas, which are beautiful and unique. Along the stone gate, you can reach the gate of Guancheng, where you can see the plaque of "the most powerful pass in the world" and take a picture with it.

After buying a ticket at the gate of Guancheng, you can enter the scenic area. There are many cultural attractions in the scenic area, such as Guandi temple, Diecui academy, biaozhong temple, fengyucang and so on. It is dedicated to ancient celebrities and records the history of Juyong Pass. There is also a small lake beside it, which you can visit one by one. At the same time, you can enjoy the tall and majestic towers under the South and North pass of the scenic spot. The great wall connected with the towers is in the shape of "human" on the hillside, which is very special. Hotels and restaurants in the scenic area are also here.

After visiting the tower, you can start the journey of climbing the Great Wall. It usually takes two or three hours to climb to the top beacon tower, which is a physical challenge. But when you get to the top of the mountain, you can see one of the eight famous sceneries of the capital, Juyong jucui. In the distance, there are many green mountains and mountains, which make people feel comfortable. There will be public toilets and a small shop selling snacks and drinking water on the road, but the price is higher than outside. If you have enough physical strength, you can bring some snacks and drinking water. It is recommended to bring chocolate, raisins and other high calorie food to supplement your physical strength. This section of the Great Wall is relatively steep. The steep part of the steps is 40 cm, and the gentle part is 20-30 cm. Moreover, due to long-time trampling, some parts of the great wall are worn and uneven, so you should be very careful. After climbing the Great Wall, you can choose the same way to return, or you can go down the mountain from the other direction of the Great Wall to return to the square of the scenic spot.

The Great Wall Juyongguan

Juyongguan Great Wall is a famous ancient Guancheng along the Great Wall in North Beijing, and a national cultural relic protection unit. It is a national AAAA scenic spot assessed by Beijing Tourism Administration. Located in Changping county 20 kilometers north of the canyon.

It is 60 kilometers away from Beijing and 20 kilometers away from Badaling Great Wall. The terrain is very dangerous and it is an important pass of the Great Wall. In February 2013, two white marble stigma beasts were stolen from the Pangong archway in Juyongguan scenic area. In May 2013, Zhao and other four people were arrested for suspected theft.

Juyong Guanchang city is built in a 15 km long valley, with overlapping mountains, lush trees, brilliant flowers and beautiful scenery. As far as 800 years ago in the Jin Dynasty, it was listed as one of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing, known as "Juyong jucui". Juyong Pass is the gateway to Beijing from the north, with the momentum of "one man is the gateway, ten thousand men are not allowed to open". In the center of Juyong Pass, there is a carved white marble platform called Yuntai. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were three stone pagodas on the platform, which were destroyed at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. After the three pagodas were destroyed, another courtyard "Tai'an Temple" was built on the platform. The temple was burned in the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, leaving only the base Yuntai. Inside the gate of Yuntai, there are four statues of heavenly kings carved on the stone wall with vivid posture, and Buddhist scriptures in Sanskrit, Tibetan, Mongolian, Uighur, Xixia and Chinese.

Guan Cheng is circumferential closed and 4142 meters long. There are both Pang Gong and pinnacle academies for learning in the the Great Wall. There are also shopping streets for merchants to walk. There are not only Town God's Temple but also a special palace for visitors.

Existing Juyongguan inside and outside the city there are yamen, temples, Confucianism and other related buildings.

After the end of Qing Dynasty, the buildings of Juyongguan were gradually abandoned. In 1992, in order to protect cultural relics, the office of the Ming Tombs Special Administrative Region of Changping county carried out a comprehensive restoration of the buildings in Guancheng, which reappeared the majestic appearance of the past.

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geographical environment

As early as the Jin Mingchang period (AD 1190-1195), "Juyong jucui" has been listed as one of the "eight Yanshan landscapes". In 1982, Juyongguan, with its important cultural and natural landscape value, was designated as Badaling - Ming Tombs scenic area, and became one of the important scenic spots.

Juyongguan Great Wall is located in Changping County of Beijing, 60 kilometers away from the urban area of Beijing. It is an important gateway of the great wall and an important barrier to the northwest of ancient Beijing. However, KaiKou, which was set up at the beginning of the Han Dynasty, went through many vicissitudes and was seriously damaged, and gradually lost public attention. The restoration project of Juyongguan Great Wall, which took four years and cost hundreds of millions of yuan, has been completed. Juyongguan Great Wall was officially opened to tourists in March 1998.

The main purpose of visiting Juyong Pass is to appreciate the tall and majestic pass city, the rolling crenels and the exquisite stone carvings on Yuntai.

Guancheng: in Ming Dynasty, Juyong Pass had two peripheral passes: Nankou in the South and Badaling in the north. Guancheng was located in the gorge (guanbian) in the north of Nankou. The city has a north-south gate, the south gate is built with a urn, and a trapped throat passage goes through the South and north gates. High mountains stand on both sides of Guancheng. Because of cockroaches and lush trees, Guancheng was listed as one of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing more than 800 years ago in the Jin Dynasty.

Yuntai: in the center of Guancheng, there is an exquisitely carved white marble platform called "Yuntai". It was built in the fifth year of Zhizheng reign of the Yuan Dynasty (1345 AD). It was originally the base of the building. On the platform, there are crossing tower and Tai'an temple. Now there are only constellations. The sculptures of Yuntai are concentrated in the gate and the hole. On the rain side of the gate, there are Vajra pestle and various animal reliefs, with the king of the golden winged bird in the middle; on the inner wall of the cave, there are reliefs of the four or six heavenly kings, the Dharma Sutra mantra and the record of the merits and virtues of building pagodas in six languages of Han, Tibetan, Hui, Mongolian, Sanskrit and Xixia. The top of the ticket is covered with Mandala flowers and small Buddha statues, which are exquisitely carved.

Original name

Juyongguan is located in Changping County, more than 50 kilometers away from Beijing. It is said that when the first emperor of Qin built the Great Wall, he moved prisoners, soldiers and civil servants who had been forced to live here. Later, he took the meaning of "moving to the mediocre", so it was named Juyongguan. Han Dynasty along the said, later generations still known as Juyong Pass, where lush flowers and trees between the mountains, like green waves, it is known as "Juyong Emerald". Juyongguan is a dangerous place for military strategists since ancient times. It has two passes: South Pass and North pass. Juyong Pass has magnificent mountains on both sides, with a valley of 18 kilometers in the middle, commonly known as "Guangou". It is one of the "eight sceneries of Yanjing".

The canyon where the great wall of Juyongguan is located belongs to the mountainous area of the military capital of Taihang, and the terrain is extremely dangerous. As early as the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the state of Yan had to control this mouth, which was called "juyongsai". In the Han Dynasty, Juyongguan had a large scale. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, the Guancheng building was connected with the Great Wall. From then on, Juyong gorge was set up in Tang, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties.

Architectural features

1. In the form of circular closed building;

2. The width and height change greatly, the widest is 16.7M, and the narrowest is 1.2m. Dongshan Great Wall is 370 meters higher than Hetao Great Wall. The inner side of the wall is low, the outer side is high, the outer side is called the crenel wall, and the inner side is called the female wall or the house wall, which can effectively fight against the enemy;

3. the various forms of the building structure are the essence of the whole the Great Wall architecture. When we clean up the base, we find granite blocks, broken stones and brick, indicating the different ages of the buildings.

4. A wide range of military defense, covering an area of more than 50 hectares. The distance between the north and the south is about 850 meters. The straight-line distance between the east mountain top and the west mountain top is 1150 meters. The defense facilities include the South and the North certificate City, the city tower, the water gate, the sluice, the enemy tower, the shop house, the beacon tunnel, the turret, the battery, etc. The enemy towers, beacon towers and pavilions on the great wall were used as bunkers and soldiers' residences in ancient wars. A total of 25 of them were restored. These bricks were burned according to the regulations of the Ming Dynasty. They were all transported by manpower and livestock. Tall and majestic tower, North and south each have a triple eaves Xieshan green glazed tile edge, 21 meters high, below the city platform 10 meters high. The tower is the center of command, so it is tall. Standing upstairs, you can see clearly at a glance, which is conducive to observing the enemy's situation. Under the platform, there is a gate to the urn. Wengcheng is the moon city outside the gate of the big city, which is used to strengthen the defense of the city.

History and culture

history

In the Yuan Dynasty, Juyongguan was an important thoroughfare from Dadu (Beijing) to Shangdu (now Duolun, Inner Mongolia). Because the emperor often passed by, there were palaces, temples, gardens and other buildings in the pass. The existing Yuntai is the foundation of the crossing tower built in the Yuan Dynasty. Three Lama towers were built on it at the beginning, but they were destroyed in the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty. In 1439, the temple was rebuilt. It was named Tai'an temple. The temple was burned during the reign of Emperor Kangxi. Since then, only Yuntai remains. The Buddhist images and scriptures in Sanskrit, Tibetan, Xixia, Uyghur, basiba and Han are of academic value. They are important historical materials for the study of Buddhism, ancient characters and the history of cultural exchanges among different nationalities in the Yuan Dynasty. They are also exquisite masterpieces of the existing sculpture art in the Yuan Dynasty.

Chinese PinYin : Ju Yong Guan Zhang Cheng