Hengshan Academy

Hengshan academy is located in the West Street of Fuzhou City, Wafangdian City. It used to be the general's residence in the middle of Qing Dynasty. In 1844, Zhangju, the governor of Fuzhou, proposed local gentlemen and famous scholars to donate money to expand the residence into an academy. As the highest school in ancient Fuzhou, it is known as one of the birthplaces of Fuzhou culture. Hengshan college is located in the north facing south, covering an area of more than 2400 square meters, including 5 gatehouses, 5 halls, 7 East and West Wing rooms, 11 back halls and 6 East and West Wing rooms in the backyard. Hengshan academy has a long history. It used to be the residence of general Gu ermahun, the defending officer of Fuzhou in the middle of Qing Dynasty. But the general left Fuzhou because of his promotion before he came in. In the middle of the compound at that time, there was a main room composed of five halls, seven East and seven West Wing rooms and five gatekeepers, which was quite impressive. In 1844, in order to create a place for further study for the students who were going to take part in the scientific examination, Zhang Ju, a Jinshi born governor of Fuzhou, proposed that local gentry Hu shaoting and Suzhou scholar Liu Zuyao should assist the government to build the general's residence into an academy, and named it Hengshan, a famous mountain in Fuzhou, as the highest Academy in Fuzhou Government. During the Xianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty, Wang Tingzhen rebuilt and expanded Hengshan academy, adding 11 tile roofed houses in the backyard and 6 rooms in the East and west sides. Since then, the style of study in Fuzhou was very prosperous. In modern times, although it has been changed to a middle school, a normal school, etc., and its name has also been changed many times, it has always been a school. It is not only one of the birthplaces of Fuzhou culture, but also a large number of intellectual talents for Dalian. In 1996, all the five houses in the east wing of Hengshan academy collapsed. The reason was that all the pith roots embedded in the walls were rotten because of their age. At that time, after the inspection of Wafangdian City housing quality appraisal office, the houses in Hengshan Academy were dangerous houses (all dangerous houses), which needed to be rebuilt and repaired immediately. This situation has received the attention of the relevant leaders of the municipal government. Since October 26 last year, the restoration project funded by the government has been launched. The principle of the project is "repair the old as before." during the construction, we require that the wall stones of each house should be numbered and arranged in order to ensure that the restored house is the same as the original house as far as possible, "Jin Yannian, director of the museum, told reporters. He also showed reporters the preliminary exhibition plan of the cultural center, namely the establishment of four exhibition halls, namely, Fuzhou history exhibition hall, Fuzhou folk art exhibition hall, Fuzhou General Exhibition Hall, Xu Hanlin exhibition hall, and a "Dongzhai room" to show old students' reading. However, these plans need to be demonstrated and approved by the higher authorities in charge of cultural relics before they can be implemented. However, it can be imagined that Hengshan academy will be more beautiful.

Hengshan Academy

Hengshan academy, located in the north of the West Street in Fuzhou City, Wafangdian City, Dalian, Liaoning Province, is one of the earliest academies in Dalian and the only ancient academy site preserved in southern Liaoning. Founded in the 24th year of Daoguang reign of Qing Dynasty (1844), it was initiated by Zhangju people, the governor of Fuzhou, to donate money to local gentlemen and famous scholars, and to make use of the site of general Gu ermahun, the former guard of Zhenghong banner in Fuzhou, who had been promoted and left office, to form the Academy. Hengshan in the east of Fuzhou City is the highest mountain in Fuzhou, and the academy is the highest institution in Fuzhou, so it is named Hengshan Academy.

brief introduction

In the West Street of Fuzhou City, Wafangdian, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, there is a well preserved Qing Dynasty building. It is the Hengshan academy built in 1844. Standing in the noisy West Street of the ancient city, from a distance, the architectural community composed of grey black and bright red shows her unique dignified and simple style. The strong cultural atmosphere of her green bricks, grey tiles, cornices and ridges is still fumigating the ancient city and the people living in it. She embodies the profound cultural accumulation of the ancient city. Her existence, like a key to open the gate of Fuzhou's history and culture, alone guards her unique mission in the long history.

structure

Hengshan academy covers an area of 2516 square meters. It faces south from the north. There is a screen wall in front of the courtyard. There is a stone lion in the East and west of the gate. After a hundred years of wind and rain, the stone lion has been carved out of its original appearance, but its round muscles and bones still show its uniqueness. It is guarding this quiet land silently. The mottled historical traces tell of the noise and glory it once had. There is one room on each side of the porch, and three rooms on each side of the porch. As soon as you enter the hospital, you will find a lecture hall with five couplets in the center of the hospital, which is a hard mountain style building. There are eight rooms in the East and eight rooms in the west, with doors in the front and back. There are five main rooms, eight East and eight West rooms. During the reign of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, eleven rear halls and six East and West chambers of the backyard were built.

Teaching literati

The Academy was presided over by Xuezheng or Limu, and invited famous scholars from all over the country to teach. In the 60 years from 1844 to 1905, there were 271 people in the Academy. Among them, there are 220 Xiangsheng, 58 Gongsheng, 10 Juren, 2 Jinshi and 1 Hanlin, namely, Xu Gengchen, a great talent in the late Qing Dynasty, whose name is Dongsha. He is now from Taiping Village, datan Town, Pulandian District, Dalian City (formerly Xinjin County), who was under the jurisdiction of Fuzhou and Fuxian before the establishment of Xinjin County). He was admitted as Bagong in the 29th year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, Jinshi in the 3rd year of Xianfeng, and was awarded as a rare scholar of Hanlin Academy. In the sixth year of Tongzhi reign, he was promoted to Zhili Prefecture and was awarded the title of magistrate. In the eighth year of Tongzhi's reign, he returned to his native place and was the lecturer of Hengshan Academy in Fuzhou. Xu Gengchen is not only the first Imperial Academy in Dalian area, but also a proud poet, who wrote a copy of Si Yi Tang poetry. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were six poets in the family of Xu, and all of them had poetry manuscripts.

Historical development

In 1906, the Qing government sent ministers to visit Europe. When they came back, they followed the Western way of running schools, abolished the imperial examination and set up schools. Cao Zupei, the state official, changed Hengshan academy into Hengshan school. In 1913, Fuzhou was changed to Fuxian, and Hengshan school was changed to Fuxian normal school in Fengtian province. After liberation, Fuxian No.2 Middle School was established in the former site of Hengshan Academy. Later, due to the limitation of school buildings, Fuxian No.2 Middle School moved to the South Street of Fuzhou City, and the Hengshan academy remains today. Hengshan academy is a famous lecture center in southern Liaoning in the Qing Dynasty. It has been used until 1984. It has made an indelible contribution to modern education in Dalian. Today, it is quietly and elegantly located in the West Street of the ancient city of Fuzhou, facing the East Street of Fuzhou yamen across the street, adding a touch of ancient book flavor to today's Fuzhou City, which is awe inspiring.

humanistic spirit

When you stroll around the Academy, looking for the distant sound of books. Every group of courtyards, every house, every stone tablet, and even every brick and tile here deeply contains meaningful cultural taste, edifies people's sentiment, and gives people high spirited enlightenment and promotion. In other words, when people come to Hengshan academy, you will feel, comprehend, appreciate and think about the culture of Hengshan Academy. When you step into the gate of the Academy, you can feel the rigorous and leisurely reading life of the Confucian scholars from the elegant and solemn architectural community, and appreciate their aesthetic taste and life ideal. You will find that the "neat and serious" lecture hall and the "elegant and simple" garden constitute an interesting picture with distinct contrast and integration, which is not exactly the ancient scholar bureaucrats Does Confucianism and Taoism complement each other in cultural psychology?

When you stand in front of the stone tablet of Hengshan Academy's Centennial training, appreciate his beautiful calligraphy and chant his profound philosophical training, you will feel as if you go back to more than 100 years ago and see the lectures in the academic history and education history at that time. Xu Gengchen is carrying out fierce discussions on the profound philosophical issues of Taiji, mind and nature, and the Fuzhou disciples are sitting around listening and thinking This paper examines the mystery of the body of Taiji, which is called "peaceful and trace, no re existence". When you are faced with the golden light and strong brushwork, you will find that the Academy hidden in the tranquility is actually the post station for the transmission of orthodox Confucian culture for thousands of years. The profound and mysterious "daotong" and "Xinzhuan" from Shun and Yao in ancient times to Confucius and Mencius with cultural mission have made Hengshan academy become an important place for the transmission of orthodox Confucian culture in southern Liaoning. What makes people feel proud and proud is that this superficial and profound Confucian "orthodoxy" is actually the humanistic spirit of Chinese culture that has lasted for thousands of years on our planet!

At the same time, the culture of Hengshan academy is not only reflected in these stone tablets, plaques, couplets, ancient buildings and other historical relics, but also merged into the thick and distant history, contained in the vast and yellow classics, reflected in the thoughts, concepts, emotions and behavior of many people from ancient to modern times. Through the gap of time, we can figure out the distant history. Maybe you will find the steps of the old man from the bluestone on the floor. Or see the curiosity of young Xu Gengchen from the falling cobweb. Anyway, he has become a long history. But as a space for inheriting culture, Hengshan academy is shaking off his dust and combing the pulse of his history. What is left to people is always a clear memory.

In April 1985, Hengshan Academy was listed as the key cultural relics protection unit in Dalian. The site is still preserved today.

Address: Fuzhou West Street, Wafangdian City, Dalian City, Liaoning Province

Longitude: 121.7139

Chinese PinYin : Heng Shan Shu Yuan