Yingtan Village

Yingtan Village

Yingtan village, an administrative village under the jurisdiction of luluo Town, Xingtai County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province, is a traditional Chinese village. It is located in the hinterland of the mountains at the east foot of Taihang, covering an area of 6 square kilometers.

Yingtan village is a traditional village built on the camp of Huangchao peasant uprising army in the late Tang Dynasty and gradually developed among the immigrants in the Ming Dynasty. Yingtan village is divided into three natural villages: Dongzhuang, qianyingtan and houyingtan. Yingtan village is one of the best preserved ancient stone villages in northern China. It is an important historical relic to study the local conditions and customs of the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain in Southern Hebei Province in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is a red stone village in Taihang mountain area, which integrates Tang Yuan culture, river bridge culture and anti Japanese war culture. It is known as "the first ancient stone village in Jiangbei".

On December 17, 2012, Yingtan village was announced as the first batch of Chinese traditional villages by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of finance.

Village history

The history of Yingtan village can be traced back to the Huangchao uprising in Tang Dynasty.

In Tang Dynasty, Yingtan village was under the jurisdiction of Longgang county.

In 1120, Longgang county was renamed Xingtai County, and Yingtan village was under the jurisdiction of Xingtai County. According to the records of Xingtai County in Renzi year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, the administrative division below the county level was community, which was called Li, and the county was divided into 32 communities. At that time, Yingtan was under the jurisdiction of Yiyi society.

In 1904, Xingtai County was still divided into 23 communities. The villages in Xingtai County were led by the communities. Yingtan village was under the jurisdiction of longmenchuan, Southwest Road.

In the early period of the Republic of China, Xingtai County "changed roads into districts", and the districts were composed of townships (towns), with townships (towns) leading villages (streets). At that time, the county was divided into six districts, and Yingtan village was under the jurisdiction of the Sixth District.

In October 1937, the Japanese army occupied Xingtai. The county seat and the railway line were occupied by the enemy. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, an anti Japanese revolutionary base was established in the western mountainous area. There are five districts in the Anti Japanese base area, and Yingtan village is under the jurisdiction of the second district (in luluo).

In August 1940, the Anti Japanese base area was divided into Xingdong county and Xingxi County, with 14 districts. Yingtan is under the jurisdiction of eight districts of Xingxi county (in Bai'an).

In March 1945, Xingxi county was under the jurisdiction of six districts, and Yingtan village belonged to one district (in luluo).

In June 1946, Xingdong and Xingxi counties were merged into Xingtai County. The county was divided into 11 districts, and Yingtan village belonged to eight districts (in luluo).

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, in April 1950, Xingtai County was divided into seven districts, and Yingtan village was under the jurisdiction of six districts (in luluo).

In July 1956, the district was withdrawn and the township was merged. Yingtan village was under the jurisdiction of luluo township.

In August 1958, the original 50 townships were merged into seven people's communes. Yingtan village was under the jurisdiction of luluo people's commune.

In May 1961, the organizational system of Xingtai County was restored. The county was divided into 33 people's communes, and Yingtan was under the jurisdiction of Yangzhuang people's commune.

In April 1984, the people's commune system of "unity of government and society" was changed, and the township and town governments were established, with villages under the jurisdiction of the township and town.

At the end of 1988, Xingtai County was divided into six towns and 27 townships. Yingtan was under the jurisdiction of Yangzhuang township.

After the township was merged in 1996, Yingtan is under the jurisdiction of luluo town.

geographical environment

Location context

Yingtan village, subordinate to Xingtai County, Hebei Province, is located in the hinterland of the eastern foot of Taihang City, 70 kilometers away from Xingtai City and 8 kilometers west of luluo Town, covering an area of 6 square kilometers.

physical geography

Geology and geomorphology

Yingtan village is located in the eastern foot of the Taihang Mountains, surrounded by mountains on three sides and facing the river in the south. It is surrounded by a unique natural geographical and geological environment. Most of the rocks are red and geologically known as quartz sandstone. 1.4 billion years ago, it used to be a shallow sea environment. After the deposition of red quartz sand, the red stone strata were formed under the action of high temperature and high pressure, and then the folds were formed by the Yanshan orogeny, and the topography was formed by the cutting and erosion of water for tens of millions of years.

 

climate

Yingtan village belongs to the warm temperate semi-arid monsoon climate zone, with significant continental monsoon characteristics, four distinct seasons, great disparity between cold and summer, concentrated rainfall, and obvious dry and wet periods. In spring, the climate picks up quickly, with less rain and more wind, large evaporation, and arid climate; in summer, controlled by the North Pacific subtropical high, the wind blows from the ocean, the weather is hot, the rainfall is concentrated, and there are many natural disasters such as rainstorm, gale, hail; in autumn, the weather is stable and sunny, the temperature drops rapidly, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and the rainfall and rainy days are significantly reduced; in winter, it is cold, dry, and the rainfall is rare, North wind prevails.

 

Village pattern

spatial distribution

There is a saying of "Yichuan, Sanshan, Liugu, jiugou and 18nao" in Yingtan village. The settlement form is built according to the mountain situation, high in the north and low in the south. In the south of the village, there is Nanshan, behind which is Taipinggou; in the southwest, there are houchanggou, tizigou and wuzinao, with beautiful scenery; in the north, there are Beiling, qiaojiashan in the East, and three beams in the South and northwest surround the village, forming a dustpan shape. The three natural villages face squatting cainao, surrounded by Yingtan ditch in the South and a Hougou in the village. Longmen river is about 1.5km to the East.

 

Yingtan village consists of three natural villages. Among them, houyingtan is the core protection area of Chinese traditional villages. The pattern of villages in the core area has the saying of "nine lanes in the north of the street, three passes and six character streets in the south of the street". The village has nine alleys of different lengths, each between 1 and 1.5 meters wide, all paved with red stone. There are two main streets in the village, 200-500 meters long, with red stone and blue stone pavement. The width of the street is between 3 and 6 meters. The two ancient streets are east-west and extend westward in the shape of an eight character. There is an oval square in the center of the village. If you look down from high altitude, it is in the shape of "six", so it is called "six" street. "Three passes" refers to the East, South and West gates of Yingtan ancient village. Since the Ming Dynasty, 36 stone bridges have been built in the village and on the river outside the village. In addition, a mountain temple was built on the watershed of wuzinao.

 

Wisdom of building a village

overview

Every expansion and development of Yingtan village is closely related to the war story. The traditional village buildings of Yingtan village have the function of war attack and defense. In order to increase the color of war defense in the construction of the village, Yingtan village has played its wisdom in the process of building the village for generations, building Yingtan village into a smart village with perfect underground drainage system, complete ground defense function and buildings full of folk culture.

 

streets and lanes

There are exits at both ends of every street and lane in Yingtan village, which can connect with each other and extend in all directions. The reason why the ancient people in Yingtan village built streets and alleys in this way was to guard against the invasion of villains or soldiers and bandits. Every family in the village could escape through the streets and alleys at any time and save their lives.

 

Stockade wall

Yingtan village is surrounded by about 2000 meters of red stone walls, which separate the village from the mountains. First, it can prevent the invasion of soldiers and bandits and harass the people; second, the villagers can rely on strong walled fortifications to resist the enemy. In addition, four gates are built on the walls of the four villages in the west, South, East and north of the village.

 

Water network

Every house in Yingtan village has underground water trough, and the water in each house can flow out of the courtyard wall and into the underground drainage trough excavated under the street pavement, so that rainwater and domestic wastewater can be discharged out of the village. Underground water flume is all over the corner, forming a complete groundwater network. So that there is no water in Yingtan village in rainy days, and the water flows long in dry days.

 

Economic society

population

According to the official website of the February 2020 Digital Museum of China's traditional villages, the village of the British speaking village is mainly Han, with a registered residence of 670 people and a permanent population of 300.

 

Economics

The main industries of Yingtan village are tourism, agriculture, forest and fruit industry.

 

According to the official website of Digital Museum of traditional Chinese villages in February 2020, the collective annual income of Xiashan village is 600000 yuan, and the average annual income of villagers is 7000 yuan.

 

Main attractions

Taihang Qixia group

Taihang Qixia group, also known as Xingtai Grand Canyon and Xingtai gorge group, is located in Luozhen Town, Southwest Road, Xingtai County, 65 kilometers away from Xingtai City. The scenic area covers an area of 18 square kilometers. The scenic area is composed of 24 natural canyons, of which 8 are kilometers long. It has the characteristics of narrow and long, steep, deep and secluded, cluster and red, forming a monopolistic quartz sandstone gorge group. It is a mountain type scenic spot integrating gorge, cliff, flowing water, waterfall, primitive secondary forest, geological relics and historical relics. The main landscapes are Guimen Tianqian, woxia Qinghong, yunya zazhu, Feibao Zhuyu, yaochi dressing platform, Longgong Yuzhu, Jigong Guanhai, Sanshan Xiaocui, etc.

 

Guihetang

The most typical traditional building in Yingtan village is guihetang. Guihetang is located in the north of the main street in the middle of the village. The appearance of the house is a three story stone building. The door of the first floor is outward, which is a cave for storing sundries; the second floor is for storing grain; the third floor is the first floor from the yard, which is the residence of the owner of the house. The biggest characteristic of the hospital is that there are two springs under the wall foundation of the north room. One eye is called "a drop of spring", dripping like a clock. The other eye is called "Yixian spring", and the running water is as even as a line.

Chinese PinYin : Ying Tan Cun