Wenyu River

Wenyu River

Wenyu River is located in the northeast of Beijing. From Shahe reservoir to Beiguan sluice in Tongzhou District, it is the upstream of the Grand Canal. It originated at the foot of Jundu mountain, Changping District, Beijing. The upper reaches of Wenyu River are composed of three tributaries, Dongsha River, Beisha River and Nansha River.

With a total length of 47.5 km, Lingou River, Qinghe River, Longdao River, Bahe River and Xiaozhong river flow into it. The drainage area is 4423 square kilometers. From 1970 to 1972, it was renovated twice, built dykes along the river and built four gates. The flood control standard above the Lingou estuary is designed according to the 50 year return period, with the peak flow of 400 m3 / S; the flood control standard below the Lingou estuary is designed according to the 20-year return period, with the 50 year return period checked, with the peak flow of 1562 m3 / s. It irrigates 200000 mu of farmland. Wenyu River was called wet residual water and warm residual water in ancient times.

General situation of main stream

Wenyu River is located in the northeast of Beijing. From Shahe reservoir to Beiguan sluice in Tongxian County, it is the upstream of the Grand Canal. It originated at the foot of Jundu mountain in Changping County, Beijing. The upstream is composed of three tributaries, Dongsha River, Beisha River and Nansha River. With a total length of 47.5 km, Lingou River, Qinghe River, Longdao River, Bahe River and Xiaozhong river flow into it. The drainage area is 2478 square kilometers. From 1970 to 1972, it was renovated twice, built dykes along the river and built four gates. The flood control standard above the Lingou estuary is designed according to the 50 year return period, with the peak flow of 400 m3 / S; the flood control standard below the Lingou estuary is designed according to the 20-year return period, with the 50 year return period checked, with the peak flow of 1562 m3 / s. It irrigates 200000 mu of farmland. Wenyu River was called wet residual water and warm residual water in ancient times.

The main stream of Wenyu River is the main channel for flood discharge in the territory. Its main stream comes from xiaguangou, the main peak of Badaling Mountain. It flows through Juyongguan and Nankou in the southeast. Chuguangou is called Beisha river when it joins with five big gullies, namely, shilonggou, xinglongkou, baiyangcheng, gaoyakou and Baiyukou, which come from Xishan. The Beisha river flows eastward to Shahe Town, intersects with Dongsha River and Nansha River, then flows eastward to lutuan village, and flows eastward to Tongxian County via Shunyi County and flows into the North Canal. The total length of the river is 63.5 km, with a total drainage area of 2480 square kilometers. The main river of Changping section is 19 km long, with a drainage area of 1237 square kilometers. The dry season discharge was 4-6 cubic meters per second in 1980.

Wenyu River's shuijingzhu is called shiyushui, with Guangou as the main source. According to the records of Geography in Hanshu: "Shanggu County, Jundu, wenyushui, goes to Lu'Nan in the East and goes to Gu (Baihe River) in the south." According to Liao history, there is Wenyu River in shunzhou, which is also known as Fuhe River in Yuan Dynasty. It is an important river developed earlier in Beijing history.

Wenyu River is composed of Nansha River, Beisha River and Dongsha River in Changping District. It flows through Changping, Shunyi and Chaoyang, passes through Beiguan gate of Tongxian County, and then connects to Beiyun canal. It has a total length of 63.5km and a drainage area of 53.98km2.

In history, Wenyu River was not only the main channel of water transportation in dynasties, but also the water for royal court, gardens and lakes because of its clean and clear water quality. With the rapid development of social change, urban construction and industrial and agricultural production, a large number of sewage is discharged into the river. Now it has become a drainage channel bearing 100 tons of sewage per day and an important outlet for the drainage in the southwest of the county.

Wenyu River belongs to the north canal system. From Shahe Town of Changping County, it successively flows through Changping County, Chaoyang District and Shunyi County, enters the county at Guantou village, xuxinzhuang Town, Tongxian County, and flows along the boundary between Chaoyang District and Tongxian county to beiguanzha and into the North Canal. Wenyu River has a total length of 63.5 kilometers and a drainage area of 2748 square kilometers. Among them, Tongxian county is 14.5 km long, 18 km long, 168 m wide riverbed and 86-124 m wide river bottom, with a drainage area of 25.23 square kilometers. It flows through xuxinzhuang and Chengguan towns, with 12 villages and an area of 20000 mu for flood control and waterlogging control. 20000 trees were planted for embankment greening. In Tongxian, its tributaries are Xiaozhong River, Zhongba River and Bahe River.

Main tributaries

（1） Beisha River

It originates from the mountainous area in the northwest of Changping. There are six major gullies in the upper reaches, i.e. Guangou, suanningyu gully, xinglongkou gully, baiyangcheng gully, Baiyukou gully and gaoyakou gully. They are called Beisha River after converging in the west of Shuangta village. The whole drainage area is 546 square kilometers. The main stream is about 20 kilometers long, the longitudinal slope is one thousandth, the river width is 60-100 meters, and the dry season flow is 1.085 cubic meters per second (measured in 1981).

（2） Dongsha River

It originates from the xierdaohe mountain area of Yanqing County. There are three tributaries in the upstream, namely Deshengkou, caoshikou and laojuntang. After converging into the Ming Tombs reservoir at the upstream of the Ming Tombs qikongqiao, it flows into the Beisha river at the downstream of the beichaozongqiao in Shahe Town through Baifu and xishatun. The whole drainage area is 287.75 square kilometers. The downstream river of Shisanling reservoir is about 14 kilometers long, 20-200 meters wide, with a longitudinal slope of 1 / 1000. All the runoff of mountains and rivers is blocked by Shisanling reservoir, and the flow of the main channel under the dam in dry season is only 0.5 cubic meters per second.

（3） Lingou River

It originates from the northern mountainous area of Changping and the western mountainous area of Huairou County. In the upper reaches, there are seven tributaries, such as MuNiu River, Bailang River, taoyukou River, qintun River, zhuanziling River, Xiyu River, bajiagou River and Hulu River, converging to Lingou village, which is called Lingou River. It flows southward into Wenyu River. The main channel is about 4 km long, covering an area of 404 square kilometers with a longitudinal slope of 1.1%. The dry season flow is 2.4 cubic meters per second.

（4） Nansha River

It originates from the mountainous area of beianhe Township and Zhaikou village in Haidian District, and flows into Wenyu River near gaolizhang, Changle, Shangzhuang and yudougezhuang villages, with a total length of about 20 kilometers, a total drainage area of 250 square kilometers, one thousandth of the longitudinal slope of the river, and a flow of 2.35 cubic meters per second in dry season.

（5） Mengzuhe

It originates from the east foot of Fengshan mountain in Nanshao township of Changping County, flows through Mengzu, Baishan, Mafang and other villages in the south, and directly enters Wenyu River. It has a total length of 22 kilometers, a drainage area of 63 square kilometers, a river width of 40-80 meters, a longitudinal slope of 1.4, and a small base flow all year round.

（1） Xiaozhonghe River, originated in sunjiashishan area of Huairou County, enters erzhangying village, runs through north and south, and enters Wenyu River at xiaogequ village. There are 38.62 kilometers of water flow and 140.56 square kilometers of drainage area. It is an important river for both drainage and irrigation.

Xiaozhonghe river is bounded by hongtongying. The upper reaches are hilly areas, and the lower reaches are mostly low-lying areas. Before the treatment, the river channel is curved, the bed is overgrown with weeds, the siltation is serious, the dam is low and the bed is shallow, and the flood is frequent in flood season.

（2） Longdao River, the source of which is the East and West magezhuang area, flows through donggezhuang and luogezhuang, then southeast to baixinzhuang village, and south to Wenyu River. The flow is 6.34 km and the drainage area is 30.06 km2.

（3） Bailang River, also known as shayugou, originates in the mountainous areas of Changping and Huairou counties. After passing through shayukou. After passing through liangshanzhuang, Fangezhuang and Lianzhuang village, the river converges to Lingou River in the southwest to nanguanzhuang of Changping, and then turns to Lingou village in the southeast to Wenyu River. It has a flow of 7.63 kilometers and a drainage area of 20.3 square kilometers.

（4） Xiyiniu River, also known as suyugou. Originated in Huairou County, in the north of wugezhuang entry. After descending zhouying and Banqiao in the East and West, they leave Gaoliying and enter Lingou River in Changping, then Wenyu River. The flow is 16.5 km and the drainage area is 43.56 km2.

（5） Fangshi canal originated in the area of Liugezhuang, qiansangyuan and housangyuan. It flows through Xixiaoying River and qianqu River, and goes down to Wenyu River in the south of Tangzitou village. The flow is 15 km and the drainage area is 55.36 km2.

Fangshi canal is a drainage channel. Before treatment, the river bed in the upper and middle reaches of Fangshi canal is deep, and the river bed in the lower reaches is narrow and shallow. It mainly discharges the drainage from Liugezhuang, qiansangyuan, housangyuan, Baofang and other areas.

（6） Yueya River, the source of Linhe village in the South depression. After passing Yaopo, Houqiao and Liqiao, it goes out of Linqing village to connect with Zhongba River in Tongxian County, and then Huibei canal. The flow is 12 km and the drainage area is 58.21 km2.

Yueya river bed is very shallow, river embankment is formed naturally, waterlogging occurs from time to time. With the development of industry and agriculture, it has become a sewage river.

（7） Approach River, an artificial river channel excavated in 1925. It starts from SuZhuang, passes through the South River, passes between Anli and lugezhuang village, and then leaves the country. It connects with Zhongba river at pingjiatuan in Tongxian County, and converges with the North Canal. The domestic flow is 5.8 km. At that time, it was mainly used for water diversion, with a flow rate of 600 cubic meters per second.

Zhongba River, also known as the old Chaobai River, belongs to the north canal system, a tributary of Wenyu River, located in the north of Tongxian county. It starts from Shunyi County in the north, connects with Chaobai diversion canal, flows through dapang village in the south, and joins Xiaozhong River in the north of Liuzhuang gate in Chengguan town. Zhongba river has no upper source. The total length of the river is 9 kilometers, the riverbed is 33 meters wide, the river bottom is 25 meters wide, and the drainage area is 20 square kilometers. Through xuxinzhuang, Songzhuang, Chengguan and other areas, there are 8 villages with an area of nearly 10000 mu for flood control and waterlogging control. 20000 trees were planted on both sides of the river. Historically, the Chaobai River has been flowing into the north canal through the Zhongba river. In the 28th year of the Republic of China (A.D. 1939), the flood surged and the Chaobai river burst at the SuZhuang sluice in Shunyi County. The sluice was washed away and the Jiangan river channel went south, while the original river channel (today's Zhongba River) was abolished. Therefore, the old Chaobai River has no source water and dries up all the year round. one

Chinese PinYin : Wen Yu He