Beijing Museum of nature

Beijing Museum of nature is located in the overpass area on the central axis of the South capital city, backed by the world cultural heritage Tiantan Park, facing the modern overpass theater, with a special cultural environment. Its predecessor is the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum of nature, which was established in April 1951. It was officially named Beijing Museum of nature in 1962.

Beijing Natural History Museum is the first large-scale natural history museum in New China. It is mainly engaged in specimen collection, scientific research and scientific popularization in the fields of paleontology, animals, plants and anthropology. It was named "National Youth Science and technology education base" and "Beijing patriotism education base" by the Central Propaganda Department and Beijing municipal government, and "science and peace education base" by the Chinese Organizing Committee of UNESCO. In 2009, it was rated as a national first-class Museum by the State Administration of cultural relics.

There are more than 100000 cultural relics, fossils and specimens in the collection of Beijing Natural History Museum. The nature museum has four basic displays and a Dinosaur World Expo. The number of large mammal fossils in the collection ranks second in the world, and the Yellow River elephant fossils and dinosaur fossils are well-known at home and abroad.

Beijing Museum of nature

Beijing Museum of nature is located in the overpass area on the central axis of the South capital city, backed by the world cultural heritage Tiantan Park, facing the modern overpass theater, with a special cultural environment. Its predecessor is the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum of nature, which was established in April 1951. It was officially named Beijing Museum of nature in 1962.

Beijing Natural History Museum is the first large-scale natural history museum in New China. It is mainly engaged in specimen collection, scientific research and scientific popularization in the fields of paleontology, animals, plants and anthropology. It was named "National Youth Science and technology education base" and "Beijing patriotism education base" by the Central Propaganda Department and Beijing municipal government, and "science and peace education base" by the Chinese Organizing Committee of UNESCO. In 2009, it was rated as a national first-class Museum by the State Administration of cultural relics.

There are more than 100000 cultural relics, fossils and specimens in the collection of Beijing Natural History Museum. The nature museum has four basic displays and a Dinosaur World Expo. The number of large mammal fossils in the collection ranks second in the world, and the Yellow River elephant fossils and dinosaur fossils are well-known at home and abroad.

In September 2016, Beijing Museum of natural history was selected into the list of "the first batch of Chinese 20th century architectural heritage".

Historical evolution

In March 1951, with the approval of the culture and Education Committee of the Central Propaganda Department, the central Ministry of culture and the Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly set up the Preparatory Committee for the Central Museum of nature. Ding Xilin, Vice Minister of the Ministry of culture, was also the chairman of the Committee. The members included Pei Wenzhong, Zheng Zuoxin, Zhang Chunlin, Hu xianor and others.

On April 2, 1951, the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum of natural history was officially established. The office is located in the Wenhua hall, Chuanxin hall and the Qing History Museum in the Donghua gate of the Palace Museum. Pei Wenzhong is also the director. The Ministry of culture of the CPC Central Committee and the Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly issued a document to collect specimens and exhibits from all over the country, and dispatched professional and administrative cadres from all over the country.

In 1955, the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum of natural history approved the construction of the building, and determined the South Street of Tianqiao as the site. It was originally planned to build three phases of the project, namely, exhibition building, specimen building and office building. It was determined that 8000 square meters of exhibition hall would be built during the first Five-Year Plan period, and 1.2 million yuan would be allocated for the first phase of the project.

In October 1956, the new museum was opened in South Tianqiao street.

In May 1958, the new museum was completed, and Guo Moruo, a historian and writer, wrote its name. The relocation work was completed in August, and then the basic display and layout of paleontology, animals and plants were ready.

In January 1959, the new museum was officially opened to the public. On April 1, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of the people's Republic of China issued a set of 2 special stamps and a first day cover. During the "great leap forward" period, the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum of nature was decentralized to Beijing, under the Beijing Municipal Bureau of culture.

In 1962, the Beijing Museum of natural history was officially named. Professor Yang Zhongjian, a paleontologist, served as the curator.

In 1975, Beijing Museum of nature was under the leadership of Beijing Municipal Bureau of science and technology.

In 1979, Professor Pei Wenzhong, a paleoanthropologist, took over the post of curator. To initiate and prepare the establishment of China Association of natural science museums.

In 1980, the professional academic journals "Research Report of Beijing Museum of nature" and "Popular Science Journal of nature" were published.

In 1982, Professor Zhou Mingzhen, a paleontologist, took over the post of curator. Published a large-scale Atlas of biological history.

In 1984, the ecological Laboratory of Beijing Natural History Museum established the milu ecological experimental center in Nanhaizi, Daxing, Beijing, and became a new scientific research institution after the successful introduction of Milu.

In 1985, the Beijing Museum of nature was assigned to the Beijing Academy of science and technology.

In September 1992, the specimen building - "Tian Jiabing building", funded by Hong Kong industrialist Mr. Tian Jiabing and funded by Beijing municipal government, was completed.

In March 2008, it was selected into 33 free museums in Beijing.

In April 2008, it was selected as the first batch of 99 popular science bases in Beijing, and was selected as the popular science education base and popular science research and development base, and the nature department as the popular science media base.

In May 2008, it was selected into the first batch of 79 national first-class museums of the State Administration of cultural relics.

On July 1, 2008, it was officially open to the public for free.

In September 2016, it was selected into the "first batch of Chinese 20th century architectural heritage" list.

architectural composition

Beijing Nature Museum covers an area of more than 15000 square meters, with a building area of more than 21000 square meters and an exhibition hall area of more than 10000 square meters.

"Tian Jiabing building" is a specimen building jointly invested by Hong Kong industrialist Mr. Tian Jiabing and Beijing municipal government. It contains more than 230000 specimens with a total area of 3600 square meters.

The entrance of Beijing Natural History Museum is located in the south of the museum gate, the exit is located in the north of the museum gate, the main entrance of the main building is located in the west of the main building, and the parking lot is located in the southwest of the main building. There are plant world hall, dinosaur park hall and Africa Hall on the first floor of the main building. On the second floor, there are ancient mammal hall, ancient reptile hall, etc.

Collection specimens

Longirostravis hani

I longirostriornis Hani: the snout is long, the front end has teeth, and the anterior maxilla is long. The mandible has a well-developed tooth bone with a downward bending front end and a small mandibular foramen at the back. The pronasal process is short, the proximal part of the coracoid is moderately widened, and the scapula is short and straight. The sternum has obviously branched posterior process and the fibula is short.

Liocichla phoenicea

Crimson winged liocichila

The red winged bunting is 20-24 cm in length and 42-58 g in weight. The top of the head is grayish brown. Head side red. The main body feathers are olive brown. There are red patches on the wings. The tail feather is black and the end is orange yellow. The iris is brown. The mouth is black. Legs and feet are dark brown.

The red winged bunting is distributed in Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and southwest China. It inhabits in mountain bamboo forest and shrub. Group activities. It feeds on insects, plant seeds and fruits.

Umbilicus

The genus umbilicus belongs to the seal family of Lycopodium. The genus describes a very special root. The root forms directly at the base of stem system and radiates horizontally. The range of this horizontal radiation is quite large, reaching up to 15 meters from the base of stem.

According to the description of this organ genus, in the early days, the ancestors or primitive groups of Lycopodium plants had very large roots, which could support the normal growth of higher individuals on the ground. Therefore, according to the scientific budget, it is possible that the early Lycopodium plants were larger in size and might be more than 10 meters high. At the same time, this kind of plants have roots that radiate along the horizontal direction, which is a very strange phenomenon, indicating that the early Lycopodium plants may not be able to penetrate into the soil, and that the early environmental conditions may be relatively humid, and tall plants can obtain the water and nutrition needed for growth from the surface or near the surface without deep root implantation into the soil.

MABA skulls

The skull of Maba Man was found in Shizishan, MABA Township, Qujiang, Guangdong Province in 1958. According to the uranium series dating, it is about 120000 years old. The fossil features show that it is the later type of early Homo sapiens. It belongs to the early stage of late Pleistocene.

Confuciusornis sanctus

Kongfuciusornis (< iconfuciusornis < / I): kongfuciusornis is one of the most primitive forms of Mesozoic birds found in Liaoning Province, and belongs to the primary birds in taxonomy. It is the first bird with horny beak in the world. In addition, its primitiveness also shows that the claws on the wings of its forelimbs are quite developed, and the flying ability of the Confucius bird is better than that of the other birds

Chinese PinYin : Bei Jing Zi Ran Bo Wu Guan