Beijing Museum of ancient architecture

Beijing Museum of ancient architecture

Beijing Ancient Architecture Museum is located in Beijing's xiannongtan, far away from the noisy market, with a quiet environment, towering ancient cypresses and shady green trees. It is the first special museum in China to collect, study and display ancient Chinese architectural technology, art and its development history. It was officially opened to the public on September 25, 1991. As the carrier of human civilization, architecture, like a milestone, engraves the development achievements of human society in various fields, and is regarded as the symbol of a nation's contribution to human civilization.

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Introduction to the library

The layout of Beijing Ancient Architecture Museum is neat, grand and ancient, which gives people a solemn and solemn feeling. The existing display is basically located in Taisui hall, Baidian hall, xipeidian hall and other exhibition areas. Shuttling through the exhibition halls is like walking in a long historical picture. The 7000 year history of Chinese architectural civilization emerges one by one, and it seems that human beings, who become the main body of the picture - "the primate of all things", are experiencing the infinite magic and charm of Chinese architectural history.

The "history of ancient Chinese architecture" on display in the exhibition hall explains the essence of Chinese traditional architectural culture, which makes visitors' eyes wide open. With a large number of colorful pictures, vivid objects and exquisite models, it shows the long journey of ancient Chinese architecture from the original state of MAOCI terraces to the palace buildings with high walls and well-organized layout in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In addition, you can also appreciate the architectural features of various regions in China, such as the majestic northern China, the elegant southern China, and the simplicity of Sichuan. People can't help but sigh that China's ancient architecture has a long history and brilliant achievements.

The exhibition hall of folk houses has also attracted many people's attention. It shows the evolution of folk houses in our country in real objects, from nest houses to drywall buildings, from semi cavern buildings to mud wall houses. The history of living reflects the wisdom and philosophy of the ancients in thinking and solving the relationship between man and nature, and the environment space, which is admirable. Among the numerous residential models on display, Wanrong's former residence model has attracted much attention, which is probably closely related to her identity. Wanrong's former residence, with neat and uneven layout, has all the elements of the traditional quadrangle in old Beijing: Guangliang gate, screen wall, Chuihua second gate, main room, cross courtyard, copying corridor, etc. What many people admire is that there is also a unique small garden in the courtyard, with trees and rockeries in the garden. The ancient path leads to a secluded place, which is quiet and elegant. A tourist can't help sighing: "if only I could live in such an environment every day!" The people around nodded at the same time.

The main exhibitions of the museum are "a glimpse of the ancient altar - a picture exhibition of historical materials of the ancient agricultural altar" and "a brief history of the development of ancient Chinese architectural technology".

Collection

The main collections of Beijing Museum of ancient architecture include "Beijing old city model", which is the most famous sand table in China, "Beijing longfu Temple caisson", which is an isolated art of Caisson in China, "Beijing longfu Temple caisson", which has the same appearance and structure as the real object after being scaled down, "Beijing Temple of heaven praying for new year model", as well as numerous models reflecting ancient Chinese palace and folk architecture, as well as a large number of architectural relics and specimens.

Decoration technology

Known as the "rare national treasure", the "caisson of Longfu temple in Beijing" is a national first-class cultural relic, which is stored in the grand Taisui hall. According to the staff, caisson is a kind of decoration treatment on the ceiling of traditional buildings in China, and it is the peak of small wood decoration technology. The caisson of Longfu temple is divided into six layers, each layer of circular main frame is carved with cloud pattern. The bottom two floors are suspended under the ceiling occupied by the Buddha statue. On the first, second, third and fifth floors, there are magnificent palaces in the sky. Under the palaces are painted statues of twenty-eight stars (the fourth and second floor panels and ceiling). In the palaces, there are fairy maidens. They are all exquisitely carved, with delicate expressions, gentle and serene, and angry eyes, Some smile, some close their eyes, vivid. At the top of the caisson is a star map with 1400 stars. It is said that this map was drawn with reference to a star map of the Tang Dynasty. On the outside of the caisson, a square well Fang is flat with the interior ceiling and the first and second floors of the caisson. On the square well Fang is surrounded by colorful clouds, and there are statues in the middle. Under the ceiling (that is, the four corners of the third floor of the caisson), there are four carved heavenly kings. The whole caisson is beautiful and exquisite. If you linger in the museum, savor and chew those ancient buildings with deep national imprint, you will feel a sense of lingering in your heart, which is ancient and full of ancient charm. You will live in the ancient residence for a long time. Xiannong Altar was built in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in 1754. It was the place where emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties offered sacrifices to Xiannong God. In September 1991, the Beijing Museum of ancient architecture was opened to the public. After several years of renovation and reconstruction, a complete Ming Dynasty Royal temple complex has restored its majestic and grand appearance. Taisui hall, shencang, Shenchu, fufu hall, guangengtai, Xiannong Altar, Qingcheng palace and other buildings have become rare historical relics in Beijing.

The main exhibitions of the museum are "a glimpse of the ancient altar - a picture exhibition of historical materials of the ancient agricultural altar" and "a brief history of the development of ancient Chinese architectural technology". Ancient Chinese architecture occupies an important position in the history of world architecture. Through photos, objects and models, the exhibition vividly introduces the history of the formation and development of ancient Chinese architectural technology and its unique aesthetic value, reflecting the wisdom and superb architectural skills of the working people in China.

As the first architectural museum in China, Beijing Ancient Architecture Museum has become a popular science window to spread architectural culture to the society, and has been concerned and loved by people from all walks of life, young students and tourists at home and abroad. Here is a basic exhibition of "a brief history of the development of ancient Chinese architecture" to reflect the brilliant achievements of Chinese architecture with rich and colorful cultural relics, pictures, photos, models, etc.; to show the charm of ancient Chinese architecture with unique exhibition style and compilation; to show the profound implication of Architectural Culture with the combination of ancient temple atmosphere and modern exhibition form. When you enter more than 2000 square meters of exhibition areas such as Taisui hall, Baidian hall and xipeidian hall, you have to admire the wisdom and extraordinary creativity of the predecessors for the magnificent architecture and complex and diverse building materials of ancient China. Exhibitions such as "love Beijing City, donate city wall tiles", "small wide angle of ancient Chinese architecture" and "wonderful ancient Chinese architecture" with ancient architecture as the carrier have been toured in all districts and counties of Beijing. The popular science propaganda with the main content of promoting Chinese excellent architectural culture has received huge social repercussions.

It is precisely because of the low level of agricultural productivity in ancient times that the emperors and the people revered the God of Xiannong very much, and the altar of Xiannong became the Holy Land in people's hearts. The Beijing Museum of ancient architecture is built here to show the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation in the form of the temple of ancient buildings. Visitors are attracted by it.

Museum attractions

Xiannongtan

Xiannongtan is located in the west of yongdingmennei street, Xuanwu District, across the road from the temple of heaven. It is the place where emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties worshiped Shennong, cultivated sutian and watched farming.

Brief history

The architecture in the xiannongtan was gradually perfected in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The original building was called the mountain and river altar. According to the record of Ming Chengzu, "in December 1420, Yongle 18th year, the mountain and river altar was built." At the same time, there are 13 altars, including Taisui altar, Fengyun thunderstorm altar, Wuyue altar and Sihai altar. In 1532, the Taisui hall was built. At the same time, the temple of heaven and the temple of earth were also built. The Qing Dynasty expanded or rebuilt the original foundation. In 1753, the Qiqi temple in the east of Taisui hall in the Ming Dynasty was changed to shencang; in 1754, the wooden platform was changed to masonry; in 1755, the zhaiguan temple was changed to Qingcheng palace.

In the Republic of China, it was under the Ministry of interior. During the period of Beiyang government, due to the lack of funds, the external walls of xiannongtan were demolished, and the trees and land were sold at a price. The northern part was opened up as a market, and the southern part was turned into Chengnan park. In the early 1930s, the southeast corner was turned into a stadium. Most of the temples in the altar were denuded and destroyed, and a few neat houses and temples were occupied. For example, the hall of Dufu was the official office of the garrison commander, the shencang was the Management Office of the temple, and the Qingcheng Palace used to run a Chinese women's beekeeping farm.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, at first, the stadium was mainly repaired and expanded to make it a more standard stadium. Although xiannongtan was announced as a municipal cultural relic protection unit on August 21, 1979, other buildings and facilities were ignored. In June 1985, members of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and the Municipal Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) issued an appeal to rescue the pioneers, which gradually attracted the attention of the relevant leaders of the municipal government. In March 1988, the government invested 3 million yuan to renovate the main hall, the worship hall and the east west side hall of Taisui hall, with a construction area of nearly 4000 square meters. It was designed by the Institute of ancient architecture and constructed by the second housing repair company. It took two years and eight months and was completed at the end of November 1990. At the completion ceremony, Vice Mayor Zhang Baifa said that the municipal government has decided that it will serve as a museum of ancient architecture in Beijing.

The original appearance of the altar

1. Xiannongtan (mountain and river altar): "Chunming dream Yu Lu"

Chinese PinYin : Bei Jing Gu Dai Jian Zhu Bo Wu Guan