Lugouqiao

Wanping City is the only preserved two gate Acropolis in North China. In order to protect the capital, the Ming Dynasty ordered the eunuch Wu Jun to build the city from 1638 to 1640. The city is divided into two gates: Shunzhi gate in the East and Yongchang gate in the West (changed to Weiyan gate in the Qing Dynasty). The East and west of the city are 640 meters long and 320 meters wide. The total area of the city is about 20 hectares. Except for the bomb holes bombarded by the Japanese invaders, other buildings in Wanping City have been repaired and completed. In 1961, the State Council listed it as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units; in 1984, the state allocated special funds to repair the city walls and the East and West towers; in 1987, it was opened to tourists. At the end of the 20th century, Beijing municipal government decided to restore the original appearance of Wanping City in Ming and Qing Dynasties, including restoring the asphalt streets to bluestone floors.

Lugouqiao

Located in the east of Lugou Bridge, Wanping City is 640 meters long from east to west and 320 meters wide from north to south, with a total area of 208000 square meters. It was built in 1638, the 11th year of Chongzhen in the late Ming Dynasty. It was built in three years. It was originally a military camp, and then gradually moved to commercial houses. It was called Gongbei city and Gongji city in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

In December 1928, because Wanping county had been transferred to Hebei Province, Wanping County Office was moved from Beiping city to Gongji City, which was renamed Wanping City. In the early days of liberation, Wanping county was still under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province. In 1952, it was redistributed to Beijing and its county-level establishment was abolished. Its original jurisdiction areas were successively divided into Fengtai District, Jingxi mining area (Mentougou District), Fangshan County (District), Daxing County, Haidian District and Shijingshan District. Among them, Wanping City was under the jurisdiction of Fengtai District.

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Historical evolution

During the period of Chongzhen in the late Ming Dynasty, in order to prevent the peasant army from attacking the capital, the imperial court ordered the eunuch Wu Jun to build the city from 1638 to 1640. The city is located on the East Bank of Yongding River, near the Lugou Bridge, which is the throat of the capital. As a Acropolis, Wanping City is different from ordinary city in shape and structure. At the beginning of the city, there were no streets, alleys, markets, bell and drum towers and other facilities of ordinary county. There were only two city gates in the East and West, namely "Shunzhi gate" in the East and "Yongchang gate" in the West (changed to "Weiyan gate" in the Qing Dynasty). The whole city was 640 meters long in the East and West, 320 meters wide in the north and south, with a total area of 208000 square meters Chongyong pheasant, just like the male pass.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the early Republic of China, Wanping City was under the jurisdiction of Wanping County, but it was not the seat of the county. As one of the two counties attached to the capital (Daxing County, now Daxing District of Beijing), Wanping county was the capital's territory (Beiping Prefecture, Shuntian Prefecture, Jingzhao prefecture). In 1928, the place of Jingzhao was abolished and Beiping city was set up. Wanping county was transferred to Hebei Province, and its County Office was moved from Beijing to Gongji city. From then on, it was renamed Wanping City and became the seat of county administration.

On July 7, 1937, the Japanese aggressors conducted a provocative exercise near Lugouqiao, and then started to bombard Wanping City. The "July 7 Incident" broke out.

On the eve of the outbreak of the incident, the garrisons in Wanping City were the 3rd Battalion of the 219th regiment of the 110th brigade of the 29th army of the National Revolutionary Army and the 2nd Battalion of the 2nd regiment of the 1st Brigade of the Baoan brigade, with a total of more than 1400 people. They were equipped with automatic rifles, light machine guns, heavy machine guns, heavy and heavy mortars, and the Chinese garrisons stationed in Changxindian highland were able to support the battle with mortars and artillery. In the early morning of July 8, 1937, the Japanese attacked Lugouqiao and Wanping City, and the Chinese garrison resolutely fought back. After that, the Japanese army took a negotiated settlement as a tactic to postpone the attack. After July 11, the war escalated again due to Japanese bombardment. On the afternoon of July 28, the Chinese army lost the battle in Nanyuan. The next day, the Japanese army launched a general attack on Wanping City and Lugouqiao. On the 29th, the two sides fought fiercely. In the evening, Japanese engineers bombed the east gate of Wanping City, and then Japanese troops broke into the city. After fierce street fighting, Chinese troops completely withdrew from Wanping City at about 8:30 p.m., and Wanping City was lost. Up to now, not far from Wanping City, on Dazao mountain stands the mausoleum of General Zhao Dengyu, an anti Japanese hero. In 1945, Japan surrendered and Wanping City was restored with Peiping.

In the early days of liberation, Wanping county was still under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province. In 1952, it was redistributed to Beijing and its county-level establishment was abolished. Its original jurisdiction areas were successively divided into Fengtai District, Jingxi mining area (Mentougou District), Fangshan County (District), Daxing County, Haidian District and Shijingshan District. Among them, Wanping City was under the jurisdiction of Fengtai District. In 1965, Wanping City and Lugou bridge were listed as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 1984, Fengtai District government announced that Wanping county government was a cultural relic protection unit in Fengtai District. In 1986, the central government decided to build a memorial hall of the Chinese people's war of resistance against Japanese aggression in Wanping County, and demolish the old buildings of Wanping county government. In 2004, Wanping county government was rebuilt.

geographical position

The Lugou Bridge in the west of Wanping City is the only channel for Beijing to enter and leave the Inner Mongolia Plateau and go south to the Central Plains. Because of its special geographical location, Wanping City has also become a necessary place for business travel from south to north. Since the Qing Dynasty, merchants in the west of Wanping City and on both sides of Yongding River have gradually moved into the city, and successively built restaurants, teahouses, post stations and sacrificial temples, breaking the simple military camp pattern.

Wanping City is the only preserved two gate Acropolis in North China. In order to protect the capital of Ming Dynasty, Wanping City was located in the east of Lugou bridge. It was built in Chongzhen of Ming Dynasty. Wanping City is 640 meters long from east to west and 320 meters wide from north to south, with a total area of 208000 square meters. Formerly known as Gongbei city. It's a bridgehead where the July 7th incident broke out in 1937. In 1984, the city wall, tower and urn were rebuilt.

scenic spot

Lugou Bridge

Lugou bridge is located on Yongding River, 15 kilometers southwest of Tiananmen. It is an existing large stone bridge with multiple arches in Beijing. It has a history of more than 800 years. Such a grand ancient bridge is also rare in China.

Lugou bridge is located in the throat of Kyoto, which is a must for military strategists. Wanping City is actually a bridgehead to defend the capital. Wanping county began in Liao Dynasty, and was the first county of shuntianfu in Ming Dynasty. During the Republic of China, Wanping county was located in the city. It was moved to Gongji city in 1928 as the county seat of Wanping County, which was abolished in 1952. The characteristics of Wanping City are: there are no streets and alleys, bell towers and drum towers, and no market square in the city. There are only two gates, the east gate {Shunzhi} and the west gate {Yongchang}. Two gates are built with towers, Wengcheng and gate tower. The four corners of the city are built with turrets. There are crenels on the wall, and there are soldiers' houses. Lugou bridge was built in June of the 29th year of jindading (1189) and in March of the third year of Mingchang (1192). It was originally named "Guangli bridge" and later renamed "Lugou Bridge". Also known as "Marco Polo Bridge" abroad, the bridge is 260 meters long and 9.30 meters wide, with 10 piers and 11 holes. The distance between central bridge openings is 21.35m, and the distance between East and West banks is 16.49m. The piers are boat shaped, with water diversion points on the inlet side, and a 26 cm long triangular iron pillar is placed on each point to protect the piers and bridge body against floods and ice. The outflow side is streamlined, like the stern of a ship, to reduce the pressure of water flow on the bridge opening. The test shows that the ancient bridge has a large bearing capacity, and once passed the 429 ton large flatbed truck without damage. "Lugou Xiaoyue" is one of the eight famous sights in Yanjing. On both sides of Lugou Bridge, there are 281 pillar and fence. There is a stone lion on each pillar. There is a stone lion hidden on its head, back, abdomen and under its claws. According to the ancient book from the sea, there are 501 stone lions of different sizes. These lions have been repaired in Jin, yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic of China and new China. They have integrated the artistic characteristics of each period and become a museum of stone art. There is a Xiaoyue stele in the east of the bridge, where Emperor Qianlong wrote "Lugou Xiaoyue poem" during the reign of Xinwei. In order to reappear the style and features of the ancient bridge, a section of uneven bridge deck was specially reserved during the restoration of Lugou Bridge from 1986 to 1987. On the wild goose wings on the northwest side of the bridge, there is a monument of repairing Lugou Bridge by Qianlong, which records the process of repairing Lugou Bridge in the 50th year of Qianlong. In addition, there is a chayongding River monument built by Qianlong in the spring of Jiayou. The historical materials exhibition hall of Lugouqiao displays the allusions of Lugouqiao and the historical events that happened here. It has rich materials and is worth seeing.

Lugouqiao

Wanping City is the only preserved two gate Acropolis in North China. In order to protect the capital, the Ming Dynasty ordered eunuch Wu Jun to build the city from 1638 to 1640. The city is divided into two gates: Shunzhi gate in the East and Yongchang gate in the West (changed to Weiyan gate in the Qing Dynasty). The length of the city is 640 meters in the East and 320 meters in the west, and the width of the city is 320 meters in the north and south. The total area of the city is about 20 hectares. Except for some bomb holes shelled by Japanese invaders, other buildings in Wanping City have been repaired and completed.

In July 1937, the Lugouqiao Incident broke out, and Wanping City became a historical witness of the "July 7th incident". Up to now, there are still bullet marks on the wall of Wanping City from the Japanese bombardment. In 1961, the State Council listed it as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units; in 1984, the state allocated special funds to repair the city walls and the East and West towers; in 1987, it was opened to tourists. At the end of the 20th century, Beijing municipal government decided to restore the original appearance of Wanping City in Ming and Qing Dynasties, including restoring the asphalt streets to bluestone floors.

Every year on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, Lugouqiao and Wanping City also hold "lugouxiao", which integrates moon watching, snacks and cultural and recreational activities

Chinese PinYin : Wan Ping Cheng