Guanxiangshan

Among the many mountain parks in the urban area of Qingdao, the only one is "dome platform peeping at images", which was once listed as one of the ten scenic spots in Qingdao. Dome refers to the Qingdao Observatory of Zijinshan Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which is located on the top of the observation mountain.

Guanxiangshan

Guanxiang mountain is one of the "top ten Mountain Parks" in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. It is located in Shinan District, the Central District of the city. Guanxiang mountain, 79 meters above sea level, is a good place to enjoy the city and sea view of Qingdao. Among the many mountain parks in the urban area of Qingdao, only "dome platform peeping image" has been listed as one of the ten scenic spots in Qingdao. Dome refers to the Qingdao Observatory of Zijinshan Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which is located on the top of the observation mountain.

brief introduction

Guanxiang mountain is one of the "top ten Mountain Parks" in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. It is located in Shinan District, the Central District of the city. Guanxiang mountain, 79 meters above sea level, is a good place to enjoy the city and sea view of Qingdao.

Guanxiang mountain was named Dongshan of Dabao island before the German occupation. After the German occupation of Qingdao in 1897, a reservoir was built on this mountain, which was named "Shuidao mountain". In 1905, the German moved the Royal Qingdao Observatory (founded in 1898), which was originally located at No. 1 Guantao Road, to Shuidao mountain. Together with Shanghai Xujiahui Observatory and Hong Kong Observatory, it was known as one of the three major observatories in the Far East. In 1911, the mountain was renamed "Guanxiang mountain". In 1914, the Japanese occupied Qingdao and renamed it "Jihou mountain". In 1923, after China took over Qingdao, jiaoao commercial port supervision office named the mountain Guanxiang mountain. In 1931, a dome astronomical observation room was built on the top of the mountain, and in 1932, it was turned into a park. "Viewing images from the dome" is also listed as one of the ten scenic spots in Qingdao.

Guanxiangshan Park was taken over by the navy in 1949. In 1957, the astronomical part was transferred to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The park was restored the following year and opened to the public. It was abandoned again in 1966. In 1985, it was restored to be a park. At present, the mountain is still divided into two parts: the Qingdao Observatory of Zijinshan Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the meteorological station of the North Sea Fleet Command of the Chinese people's Liberation Army. The former is open to the outside world, while the latter is a military administrative zone. The granite Castle style Observatory office building built by the German from 1910 to 1912 is well preserved, which is a distinctive German building. There is also the leveling point of the people's Republic of China built in 1952 (the altitude of all parts of China is calculated based on this point), and the "monument of longitude survey of all nations" set up in 1987.

history

Qingdao Observatory is one of the birthplaces of modern Chinese astronomy. It was founded by German people in 1898. It was first on Guantao road and moved to Shuidao mountain in 1905 to carry out astronomy, meteorology, geomagnetism, earthquake observation and research. Yuanshui daoshan was also renamed "Guanxiang mountain", also known as "Qihou mountain". It was occupied by the Japanese army from 1914 to 1922. In 1924, it was formally taken over by the famous meteorologist Jiang Bingran and astronomer Gao Pingzi on behalf of the Chinese government. Jiang and Gao served as the station chief and the section chief of astronomy and magnetism respectively. Since then, they have started fruitful pioneering work and created the modern astronomy cause in China, making Qingdao Observatory, Shanghai Xujiahui Observatory and Hong Kong Observatory known as the "Three Great Observatories in the Far East". In 1924, Qingdao Observatory launched its own time service. In 1925, Gao Pingzi used the 16 cm telescope left by the German people to observe and study sunspots, and accumulated the earliest and longest modern sunspot data for China. In 1926, Qingdao Observatory, as the only representative of China, was invited to participate in the first world longitude survey. Gao Pingzi presided over the longitude survey of the observation points on the mountain top in the eastern part of Guanxiang from October 2 to October 30, 1926. The result of the survey is excellent, which is praised by the chairman of the international longitude Survey Committee. From October 1 to November 30, 1933, Qingdao Observatory was invited to participate in the second world longitude survey. This is the first two international joint survey activities participated by Chinese astronomical circles, both of which won honor for China with excellent results. To this end, the Chinese Astronomical Society and Qingdao Municipal Government jointly erected a "monument to longitude measurement of all nations" on the top of Guanxiang mountain in 1987. In 1928, the Department of oceanography was established, which started the marine scientific research in China. Qingdao aquarium is the laboratory of the Department of Oceanography.

development

The 1930s was a glorious period for the development of Qingdao observatory. In 1931, the dome astronomical observation room with a height of 14 meters and a diameter of 7.8 meters, which was designed and built by China itself, was completed on the top of the Guanxiang mountain. In 1932, the first astronomical telescope with a diameter of 32 cm, which was introduced into China, was put into use, marking the modernization of China's astronomy. With the outbreak of the Anti Japanese war in 1937, Qingdao was once again occupied by the Japanese army, which greatly affected the observation work. It was not until the victory of the Anti Japanese war that all kinds of work were resumed one after another. After the liberation of Qingdao in 1949, the observatory was taken over by the PLA Navy. In 1957, the three parts of astronomy, geomagnetism and earthquake were handed over to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. One year later, the geomagnetism and Seismology departments moved to Beijing, and the astronomy department remained on Guanxiang mountain, now known as the Qingdao Observatory of Zijinshan Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The meteorological section is still under the jurisdiction of the Navy and is designated as the meteorological station of the North Sea Fleet Command of the Chinese people's Liberation Army;. The meteorological observatory and the Observatory are located on the East and west sides of the top of Guanxiang mountain. Since the reform and opening up, Qingdao Observatory has taken on a new look. In the 1980s, it did not observe and study Halley's comet, and won the first prize of natural science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1989. In addition to scientific research work, the observatory also actively carries out popular science tourism activities, providing good services for visitors to enjoy the moon, watch the stars, watch the solar activities and nine planets, so that visitors can truly experience the artistic conception of "dome platform peeping".

tourist resources

Guanxiang mountain is 79 meters above sea level. It is gentle, flat on top, luxuriant in flowers and trees, and has a beautiful environment. According to records, Guanxiang mountain has been a park since the early 1930s. After liberation, we further planted trees, flowers and grass, laid stone paths, stone tables, stone chairs, pavilions, flower corridors, etc. At the top of the mountain, there is the national leveling origin built by the surveying and Mapping Bureau of the general staff of the Chinese people's Liberation Army in the 1950s. The altitude of all parts of the country is calculated from this point. In the mid-1980s, guanxiangshan Park was planned as an activity place to carry out astronomy and meteorology popular science education and climbing tour.

Tour time: 30 minutes minimum

Common sense of scenic spots:

Best season to visit:

Ticket price: 0

Transportation: take No.1, 221, 225, get off at Guanxiang Road station, No.2, 5, 205, 212, 214, 218, 222, 301, 305, 308, 320, 325, 366, 702, tunnel 1, tunnel 3, tunnel 5, tunnel 7, get off at municipal hospital station.

Address: Guanxiang 2nd Road, Shinan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province

Longitude: 120.32638800145

Latitude: 36.070576922208

Traffic information: take No.1, 221, 225, get off at Guanxiang Road station, No.2, 5, 205, 212, 214, 218, 222, 301, 305, 308, 320, 325, 366, 702, tunnel 1, tunnel 3, tunnel 5, tunnel 7, get off at municipal hospital station.

Ticket information: Free

Chinese PinYin : Guan Xiang Shan