Seventeen hole bridge

Seventeen hole bridge

Seventeen hole bridge is a masterpiece of ancient bridge architecture. Located in the summer palace in the western suburb of Beijing, it is a long bridge connecting the East Bank of Kunming Lake and Nanhu island. Built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1736-1795), it is the largest stone bridge in the garden. The bridge is composed of 17 holes, 150 meters long, flying across Dongdi and Nanhu Island, like a rainbow lying wave. Its shape has the characteristics of Lugou Bridge in Beijing and Baodai bridge in Suzhou. The stone carvings on the bridge are extremely exquisite. There are 544 lions of different sizes carved on the pillar of each bridge. At the end of the two bridges, there are stone sculptures of different animals, which are very vivid. The book "lingtuo Yanyue" on the north side of qiaoe and "Xiuyu Lingbo" on the south side of qiaoe contain profound cultural heritage, which has high aesthetic value, academic value and use value.

geographical environment

In the summer palace, Kunming Lake accounts for about three-quarters of the total area.

There is a Nanhu island in Kunming Lake, which is connected with the shore by a beautiful 17 hole bridge. The Summer Palace used to be the Imperial Palace and sightseeing garden, covering an area of 290 hectares (4350 mu). The whole garden, with the Buddhist Pavilion on Longevity Hill as the center, is exquisite and beautiful with halls, halls, buildings, pavilions, corridors, pavilions, etc. according to different locations and terrain.

Seventeen hole bridge connects Nanhu island in the West and kueruting in the East. It spans between Dongdi and Nanhu island. It is not only the only way to Nanhu Island, but also an important scenic spot in the lake area. The bridge, 150 meters long and 8 meters wide, consists of 17 holes. It is the largest bridge in the summer palace. From afar, it looks like a rainbow flying across the blue waves. All the couplets on the 17 hole bridge were written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. At the south end of the bridge, there are four words "Xiuling wave" engraved on the horizontal link, which describes the 17 hole bridge as a rainbow flying over the blue wave of Kunming Lake. At the north end of the bridge, there are several big characters "lingtuo Yanyue" in the horizontal connection, and the 17 hole bridge is compared to the water beast, lying in the water like a half moon. Another couplet at the north end of the bridge reads: "the rainbow lies on the stone beam bank, and the wind blows constantly,

Wave back blue oar shadow turn bright moon shine still hope ". The scenery of this bridge is more pleasant to enjoy in an elegant and quiet night. The stone carvings on the 17 hole bridge are extremely exquisite. On the pillar of each bridge fence, there are 544 lions of different sizes. The white stone railings on both sides of the bridge have 128 observation pillars, each of which is carved with exquisite stone lions of different postures. Some are hugged by mother and son, some are playing, some are chasing each other, and some are concentrating on the scenery, all of which are vivid. There are two big water beasts at each end of the bridge, which are very like unicorn and very powerful. At both ends of the bridge, there are four stone carved beasts, which are extremely powerful and vivid.

Out of Wenchang Pavilion to the south, on the lakeside island is Zhichun Pavilion. Because peach willows are planted all over the island, it is the first to show the spring, so it is named Zhichun Pavilion. Standing Pavilion overlooking near, far, middle, close view, is the best place to view the whole garden scenery. There is also the Yuan Dynasty Prime Minister Yelu Chucai temple on the bank. Further south, you can see the largest pavilion with octagonal eaves, which is supported by 24 columns and 16 square columns on the inner and outer three floors. The pavilion, like a scale hammer, presses on the east end of the seventeen hole bridge and lifts up Nanhu Island, a key scenic spot on the west side of the bridge. Next to the pavilion is a bronze ox, which was cast in 1775. It is a unique landscape. Under the bronze ox is a stone sculpture of xumizuo with wave pattern, indicating the meaning of Zhenshui.

Located on the wide Kunming Lake, the 17 hole bridge, 150 meters long and 8 meters wide, is the largest stone bridge in the park. It connects Xihu island in the West and langruting in the East. It flies between Dongdi and Nanhu island. It is not only the only way to Nanhu Island, but also an important scenic spot in the lake area. The beautiful 17 hole bridge divides the water surface of Kunming Lake into different levels. The thousand mu of green waves can be seen in the open space. Therefore, the ornament of the bridge can eliminate the loneliness of the open space. All these are the masterpieces of the garden designers. There are 544 stone lions of different sizes and shapes carved on the railings on both sides of the stone bridge. Compared with Lugou Bridge, which has more stone lions in Beijing, there are 59 more. It's very interesting to watch the interesting shape of stone lion.

The beauty of the bridge has been quoted in this article.

From the perspective of the whole lake, the long West dike and the short dike diverging from the West dike divide the lake into three parts. Among them, Nanhu Island, zaojiantang island and zhijingge Island symbolize Penglai, abbot and Yingzhou in the East China Sea. They are immortal fairylands in Taoist belief. From the perspective of the whole garden, the location of Nanhu island and Wanshou Mountain Buddhist pavilion presents the posture of "one guest and one host" in landscape matching. The West Bank is far-reaching, and the natural scenery of the west mountain outside the park gives people a sense of openness.

origin

Why should 17 holes be built in the opening of the 17 hole bridge? Because the big hole in the middle of the bridge, counting from both ends of the bridge, is exactly "9", and "9" is called Jiyang number, which was the most favorite auspicious number of feudal emperors in the past, so the bridge was built into 17 holes.

The 17 hole bridge in the summer palace is a 150 meter long 17 hole arch stone bridge, flying between Nanhu island and langruting. It was built after the famous Lugou Bridge in Qianlong period. The stone carvings on the bridge are extremely exquisite. There are 544 lions of different sizes carved on the pillar of each bridge. There are also stone carvings on the bridgehead, which are very vivid. To the east of the bridge is a bronze buffalo.

Zhenshui Tongniu is located in the East Bank of Kunming Lake, lying on a carved stone seat. It is famous for its vivid look and real ox shape. In 1755, it was made of copper and was called "Jinniu". It is said that it was to suppress the flood. The 80 character seal inscription Jinniu Ming written by Emperor Qianlong is also cast on the back of the ox. The inscription is: "the Xia Yu governs the river, the iron ox recites. Righteousness is heavy on Anlan, and later generations follow suit. It's like taking thick Kun. The dragon is far away, while the turtle is far away. This * Kunming is full of streams. The golden cow is written in the name of zhenyouyong. Baqiu huaishui, the same principle, known as Hanwu, I admire Tangyao. Ruiying's amulet is captured in Xihai. The emperor of Qianlong came to Yihai

history

There is a allegorical saying in Beijing: the lions of Lugou Bridge are countless. In fact, there are more than 500 stone lions carved on the 17 hole bridge in the summer palace, dozens more than those on the Lugou bridge!

The 17 hole bridge is the largest one in the summer palace. It is 150 meters long, connecting the bafangting in the East and Nanhu island in the West. On the top of the seventeen holes are white marble railings carved with stone lions, which are like a rainbow connecting the human world with Penglai Fairy Island.

It is said that when the 17 hole bridge was built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong, many skilled craftsmen were invited. The crystal white white marble was mined by stonemasons from Fangshan's big stone nest, and brought in step by step with sweat. One day, a 70 or 80 year old man came up to the bridge repair site. His hair was longer than his ears, and his face was thick with a copper. He was carrying a tool box and yelled: "who will buy the Longmen stone! Who will buy the Longmen stone? " The people on the construction site thought that he was crazy when they saw his dirty strength, and no one paid any attention to him.

The old man wandered around the construction site for three days and yelled for three days, but no one paid any attention to him.

The old man left the construction site with a tool box on his back and walked eastward to the bottom of a big locust tree in liulangzhuang. He sleeps under the tree at night, crows every day, gets up, swings a hammer and chisels the Longmen stone.

One day, when it was dark, it began to rain cats and dogs. The old man couldn't open his eyes because of the wind and rain. He put his head in his hands and squatted under the tree to carry the rain. At the same time, Uncle Wang, who lives in the west of the village, passed by. Seeing the old man's timid appearance, he was very distressed and asked him to move to his own home.

The old stonecutter moved to Uncle Wang's house, had a house to live in, and was in charge of food. He has lived for a whole year, and has been chiseling Longmen stone for a year. One morning, he said to Uncle Wang, "I'm leaving today. I eat your food, live in your room, your kindness I will never forget. I have nothing in return. I'll leave this stone to you! " Uncle Wang looked at the white marble Longmen stone and said to the old man, "don't say whether you want to repay or not. You've worked hard for a year for this stone. You'd better take it away! I don't want it. " The old man said, "I can't buy this stone for a hundred taels of silver if I really want to get to the bottom of it." With that, he picked up his toolbox and went south along the road.

The construction of the 17 hole bridge in the summer palace is almost finished. It's said that Emperor Qianlong was going to come to "celebrate Longmen"! Unexpectedly, the last stone in the middle of the top of the bridge couldn't be chiseled or built. It's the engineering director! At this time, someone thought of the old man who sold Longmen stone, reminded the director, and sent people to look for him in all directions.

When the chief engineer found out that the old stonecutter had lived in LIULANG village, he came to Uncle Wang's house in person. As soon as he saw the Longmen stone under the window, he squatted down and measured it. The result was that it was not bad in length and thickness, just like it was specially designed for bridge repair. The chief inspector was so happy that he said to Uncle Wang, "this is a bridge chisel made by God and man from heaven. It has saved my life! Open your mouth and I'll pay you as much as you want. " Uncle Wang said, "don't give me too much. The old stonecutter has been eating and living in my house for a year, so you can give me a year's food." When the director heard that he had left a hundred taels of silver, he carried the Longmen stone away.

This Longmen stone is built on the top of ten walls

Chinese PinYin : Shi Qi Kong Qiao