Baiyu Village

Baiyu Village

Baiyu village is located 12 kilometers north of Zhaitang town, Mentougou District, Beijing. The famous Chinese historical and cultural villages such as Cuandixia and Lingshui attract visitors from all over the world. Sangyu, xihulin, Yangjiayu and Malan are scattered among the high mountains. Together with them, Baiyu village forms a dazzling ancient village group in West Beijing.

Basic introduction

Baiyu village is under the jurisdiction of Zhaitang town. It is located in the northwest of Mentougou, 4 km from chuanxiaxia village in the southeast and 7.5 km from huangcaoliang village in the northwest. There is no village nearby. It is the most remote mountain village in Zhaitang town. The settlements are rectangular along the valley, covering an area of about 200000 square meters. There are 151 households and 412 villagers, all of whom are Han nationality. In the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall was built, and the families of the army settled here and gradually multiplied into villages. Because of the local cypress, elm lush and called Baiyu village, later to homophonic changed to the current name. It is located at the northwest end of Baiyu Valley, huangcaoliang mountain, 817 meters above sea level. The soil is mainly mountain leaching cinnamon soil, and the vegetation is mainly scattered poplar, birch, oak and Vitex shrub. The economy is diversified in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and sideline industries. The area of cultivated land is 314.5 mu, and the grain output in 1997 is 26000 kg. Walnut, apricot, pear, apple and other dry and fresh fruits with an annual output of 8000 kg, of which Boyu flat (sweet almond) is a local specialty, well-known far and near. In 1997, the net income was 2.34 million yuan, and the per capita income was 1153 yuan. Some houses in the village still retain the architectural pattern of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, most of which are small quadrangles. There is a folk custom exhibition room, including hall supplies, production tools, kitchen supplies and revolutionary cultural relics. Through the physical exhibits, it shows the production and living conditions of Baiyu villagers for hundreds of years; during the Anti Japanese War, the brilliant achievements of the people's heroic struggle in Baiyu village. There are three ancient local operas in Baiyu village, Bangzi opera, Tiao Tiao opera and Yangge opera. Yangge opera is the most important local opera in Baiyu village, which is still preserved only in this village in Beijing. It is known as the "living fossil of folk drama". In the north of the village, there is the great wall of Ming Dynasty, stretching for several miles, in which there are seven enemy towers, commonly known as "seven towers". Two and a half kilometers to the north of the village is the tianjinguan site, the fortress of the Yuan Dynasty. North to Huailai County, Hebei Province mahuangyu, Nantong Yanjiatai, Zhaitang, there are 109 National Highway connection.

geographical environment

Baiyu village has broad terrain and numerous peaks, 5 kilometers wide from east to west and 10 kilometers long from north to south. It is called huangcaoliang on the top and connected with chuanxiadi, a historic mountain resort on the bottom. Coming from the bottom of Sichuan, we welcome visitors with pine branches and leaves. There is a peak in the north of the village, which looks like a plum blossom. It stretches out from the platform of huangcaoliang in the distance. The mountain and stone stand up and can be seen faintly. Under the plum blossom ridge, the cliffs are stacked one after another, which is magnificent. From here, climbing on huangcaoliang is a natural danger! But for those who are willing to explore and do mountaineering training, it is really a good training ground. There is a fairy lake under meihualing. From the fairy lake to the East, along the Jingxi ancient road, half an hour ahead, to the pass. North of the pass is Fenghuang cliff, with one peak protruding and two stone pillars standing, just like Fenghuang standing. In the south of Wangjiashan, there are towering peaks with nine ridges, which are called Jiulong Dynasty Phoenix. The southern foot of Fenghuang cliff is lush with trees, a school of Jiangnan scenery. The mountains around Baiyu village are about 1200 meters above sea level, and the huangcaoliang platform in the west is about 1500 meters. North of Fenghuang cliff is Xiangbi mountain scenic area, which consists of Xiangbi mountain, the first pillar in West Beijing, Shimen and Lazikou

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History and culture

Baiyu is a place with many cultural relics and a long history. According to folklore, 8000 years ago, there was a saying about the primitive people in Baiyu. In the Warring States period, Qin Dynasty sent General Wang Jian to destroy Yan from Datong to huangcaoliang. In the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian cavalry descended from huangcaoliang and Tianjin to Yanhe city. By the Ming Dynasty, Baiyu had become a military town. Nowadays, most of the villagers are descendants of the Ming Dynasty garrison on the Great Wall.

(1) Huangcaoliang ancient road: from the site of Chuantou ancient road in Chuanxia to the site of cuntou ancient road in baiyushang, from the site of Guangu ancient road in Tianjin to the site of erdaochengzi ancient road, as well as the cliff inscriptions on the ancient road in sanakou, it is more than 8 kilometers long. This ancient road is an important reason for the past glory of Chuandixia and Baiyu villages.

(2) Cliff inscriptions on the ancient road: from erdaochengzi to the north, between the gates of huangcaoliang, there is a cliff inscriptions, which reads "when Zhengde was born, he was born, and when Mengxia was born, thousands of Li Gongxiu lived at the mouth." the first year of Zhengde was 1506, which shows the long history of this road.

(3) Seven towers: there is a great wall several miles long in the north of Baiyu village. Qi Jiguang built seven enemy towers along the wall when he was in charge of the northern military affairs in the Ming Dynasty, which was called "seven towers" by the local people. (4) Tianjin pass site: it is a traffic fortress, Yanjiatai in Nantong, and mahuangyu in Huailai, Hebei Province to the north. At that time, both Jinbing and Yuanbing once entered Juyong Pass. Therefore, for strategic purposes, the Ming Dynasty had set up a heavy guard here. There is an original temple under the site of Tianjin pass, and the word "Tianjin pass" is embedded on the wall in front of the temple. In 1940, the temple was destroyed. According to historical records, Tianjin pass was as famous as Juyong Pass, Zijing pass and Longquan pass at that time, and was under the control of Baoding Prefecture. At present, there is a wall around the bingzhai, a grain and grass wall around the TunJi, a remnant stele, a flagpole base, and tiles and bricks from Niujia village site near Tianjin pass. In 1963, a large water tank was unearthed from the site preparation. There is a half tank of carbonized millet in it. The water tank is now in Baiyu village. In the north of the village, there is the school yard, and the pier is the fort site. To the south of the site, there is a Ming stone kiln, which is the site of the brick kiln when the Great Wall was built, and a stone school, which is the place for military training.

(5) The ancient brick kiln site is located in the north of Baiyu village. There are nearly 100 ancient kilns, known as hundred kilns, which were used to burn the bricks of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty. Bricks and tiles were also unearthed in the process of agricultural land preparation. There are two relatively complete brick kilns, and the others are yet to be excavated.

(6) Erdaochengzi site: built on the mountain, the city wall still exists. Standing on the platform of erdaochengzi, overlooking Tianjin pass, you can have a panoramic view.

(7) Qianchi Lingzi Niangniang Temple site: about 200 meters in the North Mountain beam of erdaochengzi, there are two pine trees and a wall.

(8) Former residence and Tomb of martyr Liu Yukun, leader of Wanping County Brigade (Jiao Ruoyu inscribes a tombstone).

(9) More than 100 pieces of folk utensils, land deeds, and stone sulfur unearthed from the Great Wall have been built into folk custom exhibition rooms and anti Japanese War exhibition rooms.

Model village of Anti Japanese War

During the Anti Japanese War, Boyu village was an anti Japanese model village, which launched a fierce struggle with the Japanese aggressors. Liu Yukun, the Anti Japanese hero and the leader of Wanping County, who made the Japanese puppet army afraid, was from Baiyu. He has excellent martial arts skills. He can shoot birds with his hands and strike the enemy everywhere. The ambush of the Japanese officers' regiment in linzitai is a good story in Pingxi Anti Japanese base area. He is vigorous and can walk on the mountain road like flying. He even hits four turrets overnight, which makes the Japanese puppet army panic all day long. He has no choice but to write such a slogan in front of his house, "ha ha, you can run Big nose of Liu It still exists today. The tomb of martyr Liu Yukun inscribed by Comrade Jiao Ruoyu has been designated as the patriotic education base of Zhaitang town.

During the Anti Japanese War, Boyu village, together with the outstanding sons and daughters of Cuandixia village and Huangling West Village, formed the famous Huangling West platoon to fight against the Japanese aggressors. In that year, Boyu village was burned down more than ten times by the Japanese puppet enemy, and dozens of people died bravely or were killed by the enemy. After the July 7th Lugouqiao Incident in 1937, Liu Yukun of Baiyu village began to devote himself to the cause of Anti Japanese and national salvation. In 1938, he served as director of Boyu village Anti Japanese National Salvation Association and director of patrol station. In the spring of 1939, the guerrilla group of Wanping county (now Mentougou District) was established. The personnel of the patrol station were incorporated into the third squadron. Liu Yukun served as the squadron leader and later the county guerrilla brigade leader. In October 1939, he led the troops in Changcao village of Fangshan to encounter the 300 day puppet troops who came to clean up. He calmly and tactfully directed the battle, which made the enemy dizzy, and then led the troops to move safely. One day in the autumn of 1940, he led the guerrillas to attack the Japanese puppet army invading boyutai, pursuing for more than ten miles, which made the Japanese puppet army flee back to Zhaitang stronghold. On one occasion, he led a transport team composed of more than 20 guerrillas and more than 100 militia members to pull out the Japanese stronghold in Yanjiatai village, and seized all the vehicles of military supplies that had just arrived. In June 1943, he led the guerrillas to ambush in linzitai village, killing and injuring more than 30 Japanese officers and soldiers from Yanhe city to Zhaitang stronghold. As a result of long-term hard struggle, he became ill from overwork and suffered from lung disease. In the winter of 1943, he led the guerrillas to uproot the enemy's two strongholds, louling and Shihe. On the way back, he vomited blood and died in the mountains behind Baiyu village.

Hometown of Ancient Opera

Baiyu village has been used to singing opera since ancient times. Adults and children in the village can sing it. Before the cultural revolution, from the first day of the first lunar month to the fifth day of the first lunar month, he sang for five days and nights in his village. From the sixth day of junior high school, go out and sing elsewhere. At its best, he performed in the old Beijing theater. The existing operas include Bangzi opera, Yangge opera and Tiao Tiao opera. According to legend, Bangzi opera came from Shanxi and Yangko opera was brought by Henan frontier immigrants. At the time of liberation, there were 379 plays. Now, due to the sharp decrease in the population of the village and the lack of young people, there are only 30 plays. But the style and the singing are all in one piece. There is an auditorium, props, costumes and musical instruments. The tourists come to get together with the villagers. When they are young, they come to sing a song. When they are many, they play him. It's very fun.

There are many folk customs, and they are particular about everything. Due to the traffic congestion, a unique culture is formed here

Chinese PinYin : Bai Yu Cun