The Great Wall site of the Han Dynasty

The Great Wall site of the Han Dynasty was first built in the second year of Yuanshou (121 BC) and ended in the fourth year of Taichu (101 BC). In the west, it starts from wanyaodun, which is now the western end of Dunhuang city. Along the Shule River, it passes through houkengzi, Yumenguan and dayueya lake. Three Dun people live in Anxi, passing through Xihu, wanghuobao, bulongji and Qiaowan, passing along the Beishi river of Yumen City. After entering the golden pagoda, it leads to Juyan along the weak water in the north. The other way is from Jinta to Heihe River, through Gaotai, Linze, Zhangye, Shandan, through Yongchang, Minqin, Wuwei, Gulang, Yongdeng and other places, crossing the Yellow River to Ningxia. It is more than 1000 kilometers long in Gansu Province.

The great wall of the Han Dynasty is an important part of the complete military defense system of Hexi in the Han Dynasty, and it is also the historical miniature of the construction of Hexi and even the whole northern defense project in the Western Han Dynasty. Although eroded by thousands of years of wind and rain, it still stands in the Gobi desert, which can be called one of the most well preserved Great Wall of Han Dynasty in China.

The Great Wall site of the Han Dynasty

The ruins of the great wall outside the Han Dynasty are divided into North and South lines. On the published map of Inner Mongolia, there are two intermittent distribution of the Great Wall in Damao United banner, Guyang County, Wulatezhong banner and wulatehou banner. In the vast arid grassland, these two Great Wall Relics were the coordinates of the commercial road leading to Xinjiang after the great green mountains.

present situation

On the Ulat grassland, there are two great walls extending to the Northwest with a relative vertical distance of 10-80 km. A great wall in the South enters into the Ba league from 20 kilometers northeast of xinhuresumu in Wuzhong banner, generally along the northwest direction, through ulanhuere in ulanhumu, through Chuanjing Sumu, through woborhure and arhure, into Bayin qiandamensumu in Ulat Houqi, through Baoyintu and wulijisumu, and into the people's Republic of Mongolia, about 300 kilometers long in the Ba League.

A great wall in the North enters the territory of Bayin league from Bayin Yuanlun of Bayin Sumu, Wuzhong banner, 37 kilometers to the East, passes dunda Wusu in the northwest, turns to the west, passes Bayin Hanggai Sumu and yizhagan, enters Wuhou banner, passes Bayin qiandamen Sumu, Bayin Chagan, enters Baoyintu Sumu in the southwest, then turns to wulijisumu in the southwest, and then turns to the northwest, passing sharzata and huluntao of wulijisumu It is about 280 kilometers long in the territory of the Ba League. According to the research, the two great walls were built by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty in 102 BC.

characteristic

Modern scholars often call the north one "the great wall outside the Han Dynasty", and the south one "the Great Wall inside the Han Dynasty". The two great walls are different from the Zhao Qin Great Wall in the way of construction. The great wall of Zhao and Qin Dynasties was built by dangerous cliffs and gullies, and almost all of them were made of stone. The great wall outside Han Dynasty and the Great Wall inside Han Dynasty mostly passed through the grassland, generally without danger and stone, so they had to use rammed earth as the wall. After more than 2000 years of wind, rain and heat, the height of the site was about 0.5-1 meter, and the width was about 4-8 meters. Many sites were used as roads by modern people. Some sections of the two great walls were built with stones or with stones outside and earth inside. The great wall of shibaoshi was built 15 kilometers north of wulijisumu in Ulat Houqi.

North line

The total length of hanwaicheng north line is about 527 km in Inner Mongolia. It is 2.5-40 km away from the south line of Waicheng in the south. Most parts of the wall are rammed earth walls, and some sections are built with stones. The width of the foundation is 3-6 m and the residual height is 0.5-3 M. There are three barrier sites distributed along the line, including baolihangaladan, sumutu and kulunsumu in Damao Banner, and one in the northwest of bayinsumotai golegacha in wulatzhong banner. The Han Dynasty pottery pieces such as string pattern rolling pot and basin are collected.

The southeast end starts at the top of the mountain behind houshibeitu village, halaheshao Township, Wuchuan County. At the bottom of the north slope of the mountain is alukangbu village, xilanbulang township.

On the top of the mountain, there is a building site of the Han Dynasty, and a small amount of pottery pieces of the Han Dynasty are scattered on the surface.

The wall of the Great Wall in the Han Dynasty has been changed into a Jin Dynasty moat, but there are small sections on the top of the mountain that have not been overlapped. The moat is built on the west side of the hillside. From the north of alukangbu village, the great wall extends to the northwest, and extends into the territory of Damao United banner through wurita, qinghechang, sanhemin, huoshaoyangquan, east of ermuan village and west of Sanzi village.

South line

The south line of hanwaicheng is 498 km long in Inner Mongolia. The wall construction method is adapted to local conditions. In the starting point of Wuchuan County, it is sand mixed construction, which is well preserved. In Guyang county and Damao United banner agricultural area, it is mostly earth built, which is also poorly preserved. In Wulate Middle Banner and Wulate Houqi grassland area, it is mostly earth built, some sections are well preserved, some areas are built with stones, while in Gobi desert, it is built with stones.

At present, the residual height of the wall varies from 0.5 m to 3 m, and the base width is 3 m to 4 M. The closest point between the south line and the north line is in the west of baoyintusumu, Wulate rear banner, with a distance of only about 2.5 km.

Along the Great Wall, there are two barrier cities in Damao Banner. One is the south of sumkulun village in xinbaolige, 140 meters long and 128 meters wide; the other is bayinzhuru and sumubaisheng village, 140 meters long.

In addition, there are 17 pavilions with a side length of less than 20 meters, including 4 pavilions in Xihe Township with a side length of 17 meters; 7 pavilions in xinbaolige Sumu with a side length of 17 meters; 5 pavilions in bayinzhuru and Sumu with a side length of 17 meters; 1 pavilions with a side length of 20 meters in habuqile at the junction of Damao Banner and wulatzhong banner with 4 barriers in wulatzhong banner, among which Wulan barrier is located on the south side of the great wall 4 kilometers southeast of Wulan Sumu; wulanxi The barrier site is located at the south side of the great wall 11 km west of ulansumu; the woborhure barrier site is located at the south side of the Great Wall 250 km west of Chuanjing Sumu; the arihure barrier site is located at the south side of the Great Wall 50 km west of Chuanjing Sumu.

There are: Hongqi barrier site, located in the south side of the Great Wall 1km northwest of Baoyintu Sumu Hongqi reservoir; Wuliji Gaole barrier site, located in the south side of the Great Wall 5km northeast of Wuliji Sumu; Bayin Kulun barrier site, located in Bayin Nuo of Wuliji Sumu and the top of the north side of the great wall; qingkulun barrier site, located about 10km east of Wuliji Sumu Chaolu Kulun, 50m south of the great wall; ulankulun barrier site, located in the north side of the Great Wall, Located 10 kilometers southeast of qingkulun, 100 meters south of the great wall; chaolukulun (chuluhure) barrier site, about 50 kilometers northwest of ulijisumu, 500 meters southwest of the Great Wall. Most of the above barriers were built of earth, only Bayin Kulun and Chaolu Kulun were built with stones, and Chaolu Kulun was better preserved, so Lu Sixian and Gai Shanlin excavated this barrier. There are many beacon sites along the Great Wall, mostly on the hills or highlands to the south of the Great Wall, with a distance of 5-10 km.

Address: Desert in Northwest Dunhuang, Jiuquan City, Gansu Province (West of Yumen pass)

Longitude: 93.815796385742

Latitude: 40.356871092352

Tour time: 1 hour

Transportation information: it's a tour of Dunhuang west route, and the chartered car west route costs about 450-550 yuan a day

Ticket information: included in the package of 40 yuan (including Yumenguan, hecangcheng and hanchangcheng)

Opening hours: 8:00-18:00

Chinese PinYin : Han Zhang Cheng Yi Zhi