Shule River

Shule River

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

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Shule River is the second largest river in Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province, with a total length of 540 kilometers and a drainage area of 20197 square kilometers. It originates between tuolainan mountain and shulenan mountain in the western part of Qilian Mountains, flows through the alpine grassland of Subei County in the northwest, runs through Daxueshan mountain to tuolainan mountain gorge, and passes through Changma basin. Before leaving Changma gorge, it is upstream with abundant water and rapid flow. From Changma gorge to corridor flat, it is midstream, and to Anxi shuangtabao reservoir, it is downstream. Five reservoirs of more than 1 million cubic meters have been built in the whole basin, among which shuangtabao, Danghe and chijinxia reservoirs are the largest.

General situation of main stream

Shule River, inland river. Duanshui, Mingshui, is a famous ancient book. In the northwest of Gansu Province, the western part of Hexi corridor. "Shule" means more water in Mongolian. It originates from shulenao between shulenan mountain and taolainan mountain in Qilian Mountains. It flows through swamp in the northwest, converges snow and glacier melt water and precipitation in mountain area, turns northward to Huarendi and flows into Changma basin, which is called Changma river. Out of the Changma basin, through the Changma gorge Hexi Corridor alluvial plain. The river course is radial, with a large amount of water seeping and becoming subsurface flow; 10 Daogou spring rivers are exposed in front of alluvial fan; the rivers flow northward to bulongji River and join to form bulongji River, also known as Shule River. In the west, it flows through Shuangta reservoir, Anxi, to the north of Dunhuang city. Danghe river flows from the south to Hala Lake (also known as heihaizi, now known as Yulin spring). The total length is 580 km. The drainage area is 39500 square kilometers. Due to the influence of climate change and human activities, Shule River has retreated to Anxi West Lake. The Qilian mountain area above Changma reservoir is 328 kilometers long, with 11000 square kilometers in the West. It is the formation area of runoff, with an annual runoff of 839 million cubic meters. Hexi corridor area below Changma reservoir. It is the disappearing area of runoff and the turning area of water flow. It is the water source for agricultural production, urban industry and people's living in Anxi.

Main tributaries

Dang River, inland river, tributaries of Shule River. In ancient times, it was called Zhishui, also known as longle water, Ganquan water and Duxiang river. In the west of Gansu Province. Danghe was called in the Qing Dynasty, which is the abbreviation of Dangjin guole. Dangjin is the name of Dangjin people. "Guole" is called "River" in Mongolian. There are two sources in the upper reaches, Dashui River and kuiteng River, which come from bayinzeerkenwula and bengkundaban of Subei Mongolian Autonomous County respectively. They flow along the northwest of the valley, converge at Yanchiwan, and then flow to the northwest. The tributaries between the south mountain of nadang and the south mountain of YEMA flow to the alluvial proluvial plain in front of the mountain of Dangcheng Bay, then flow to the northwest, cut through Mingsha mountain, pass through Danghe reservoir, and turn to the northeast, From Dunhuang oasis to renshule River in the north of Dunhuang City, it has a total length of 390 kilometers and a drainage area of 17000 square kilometers. The annual runoff is 289 million cubic meters (Shazaoyuan hydrological station). The mountain glacier area is 232.66 square kilometers, the glacier reserves are 11.124 billion cubic meters, and the annual melting water is 123 million cubic meters. It is the main supply water source of Danghe River, and also the reliable water source of industrial and agricultural production, human and livestock water in Subei and Dunhuang.

Yulin River, inland river, tributaries of Shule River. In the south of Anxi County. Because of the Elms growing in the valley, it is named. The downstream flows through Tashi fort, so it is also called Tashi river. It originates from the shibaocheng basin in Baizhi County of Subei Mongol nationality. The underground water at the northern foot of YEMA mountain and Daxueshan mountain in Huixian County flows northward to cut dongbatu mountain, cross Wanfo gorge, enter the alluvial fan in front of the mountain and seep underground. It has a total length of 90 kilometers, a drainage area of 3200 square kilometers and an annual runoff of 65 million cubic meters. The glacier area in the upper mountain area is 5.37 square kilometers, the glacier reserves are 209.2 million cubic meters, and the annual melt water is the most 02.9 million cubic meters. Irrigate 43000 mu of rural farmland. Yulin River reservoir is built.

water conservancy project

The irrigation area of Shule River Basin is located in the west end of Hexi corridor. The source of water is from namujimuling mountain of shaguolin in the south of Sule mountain. It flows through Changma gorge and Yumen town and is injected into Yumen Anxi basin. When it flows to huangzhawan, it turns to the northwest, when it flows to Qiaowan, it turns to the west, and then it flows to Hala lake after the nadang River in yangqiaozi. With a total length of 945 km and a drainage area of 102000 km2, the main tributaries of the river are Dang River, Yulin River, youyou River, Baiyang River, etc. The development of irrigation area has a long history, and Dunhuang, a famous historical city, has been cultivated. However, due to its location in the west, it was sparsely populated. By the mid-1980s, the population density of the whole basin was only 2 people per square kilometer. The developed irrigation area is 1.06 million mu, and the per capita water area is 4.6 mu, which is the largest irrigation area in Hexi and even in the whole province. The main irrigation areas in the basin are Changmahe irrigation area, shuangtabao reservoir irrigation area and Danghe reservoir irrigation area.

Shuangtabao reservoir is located in the middle reaches of Shule River, 48 kilometers east of Anxi County. It is the first large reservoir built in Gansu Province after the founding of new China for the purpose of comprehensive utilization of irrigation and flood control. The dam has a height of 26.8m, a crest length of 1040m and a total storage capacity of 240 million cubic meters. The basin above the dam covers an area of 34000 square kilometers. It mainly blocks the tail water of Shule River and floods in flood season. The average annual runoff is 297 million cubic meters and the irrigation regulation capacity is 120 million cubic meters. It irrigates four townships of Anxi County, including Huancheng, Guazhou, Nancha and Xihu, and some government farms, with an irrigation area of about 190000 mu. The design of the reservoir project was completed by the provincial water resources department in April 1958, and the construction was undertaken by the first water conservancy engineering detachment of the province in July of the same year. From 1978, the reinforcement and reconstruction were carried out in succession. In 1984, the reinforcement and reconstruction project was completed, reaching the expected quality standard. In 1987, it was accepted and approved as a ministry excellent project by the Ministry of water resources.

Danghe reservoir is located at danghekou, 34 kilometers southwest of Dunhuang city. It is a medium-sized reservoir for comprehensive utilization of irrigation, power generation and flood control. The irrigation area is adjacent to Mingsha mountain in the south, Shule River ancient road in the north, West Gobi in the West and East Gobi in the East. It is 40 km long from north to South and 22 km wide from East to west, with a control area of 880 square kilometers. It governs 10 towns and provinces including mengjiaqiao, Qili Town, Suzhou, yangjiaqiao, Sanwei, Wudun, Guojiabao, lujiabao, Zhuanqukou and Huangqu Huanghua farm, Jiuquan branch of the state Reclamation Bureau, Dongfeng Farm, Qinghai Petroleum Administration Bureau, Dunhuang improved seed farm, horticultural farm, forestry station and other units, with a arable area of 320000 mu. The water source of the area mainly depends on the runoff of Danghe river. It passes through Subei Mongolian Autonomous County, enters Dunhuang county from wugemiao, joins renshule River in tuyaodunhui, and injects into Hala lake to the West. The total length is 390km. According to the measured data of Shazaoyuan hydrological station, the annual average runoff basin is 293 million cubic meters, the drainage area is 16600 square kilometers, and the annual average runoff is 293 million cubic meters. The designed dam height is 56.8m. The total storage capacity is 46.4 million cubic meters. For the third class project, the flood control standard is designed according to the 100 year return period flood, the 1000 year return period flood is checked, and the earthquake intensity is set at 8 degrees. The main project consists of main dam, auxiliary dam, dike, water conveyance and power generation tunnel, sediment discharge tunnel, flood channel and power station. The main dam is 56.8m high. In addition, a 1.2m wave wall is added, and the dam type is a sand shell dam with concrete core wall. It is the first one in China and won the provincial science and Technology Progress Award in 1978. By the end of 1990, the state had invested 42.272 million yuan, 927000 yuan in counties (cities), 3.491 million yuan raised by the masses and 7.626 million working days in labor. The irrigated area has developed to 306000 mu (including 46000 mu of irrigated forest land). The irrigation area has a complete set of storehouses, smooth roads, fields and gardens, and stable grain and cotton production.

basin

It originates from shulenao between tuolainan mountain and shulenan mountain in the western part of Qilian Mountains, flows through the alpine grassland of Subei County in the northwest, runs through Daxueshan mountain to tuolainan mountain gorge, and passes through Changma basin. Before leaving Changma gorge, it is the upstream with abundant water and rapid flow. The average annual flow of changmabao station is 24.8 m3 / s, and the annual runoff is 781 million m3. From Changma gorge to the flat area of the corridor is the middle reaches, which flows northward to the alluvial fan of the dam. It is named shidaogou river. After receiving zhuquanshui river at the fan edge, it is divided into East and West tributaries. The East tributary part of Quanshui river is divided into South and North tributaries, named nanshai River and Beishi River, which flows eastward into the terminal lake of Huahai basin. The West tributary is the main stream, also known as bulongji River, and the downstream part is shuangtabao reservoir in Anxi, where the water volume decreases sharply due to irrigation, evaporation and infiltration. The main tributaries to the west of Changma alluvial fan are Yulin River and Danghe River, and the main tributaries to the East are youyou River and Baiyang River. The annual runoff of Shule River system is 1.830 billion cubic meters, accounting for 50% - 70% from June to September. The upper reaches of Qilian Mountains have abundant precipitation, with an area of 850 square kilometers of glaciers and many alpine grasslands, which are good pastures. The middle and lower reaches are low and flat. The irrigated agriculture in Yumen Town, Anxi, Dunhuang and Chijin Huahai oases develops rapidly.

project

Shulehe project, the largest water conservancy project under construction in Gansu Province, has made remarkable achievements: by the end of 2003, the total investment of the project was 1.273 billion yuan, Changma reservoir was completed and began to impound, various supporting projects are being carried out in an orderly manner, and the resettlement of more than 30000 immigrants has also made great progress. Shulehe project is a large-scale comprehensive agricultural development project in Gansu Province

Chinese PinYin : Shu Le He