Lu Hsun Park

Lu Hsun Park

Lu Xun Park, formerly known as Hongkou Park, is located at 280 Tianai Branch Road, North Sichuan Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, covering an area of 286300 square meters. It is a major historical and cultural Memorial Park in Shanghai and the first sports park in China.

In the park, there are national cultural relics protection units - Lu Xun's tomb, Lu Xun's memorial hall, and Meiyuan, the memorial site of Yin Fengji's righteous deeds that shocked modern history. There are mountains, water and waterfalls. Between mountains and rivers, dikes and bridges are connected. The scenery is beautiful. In general, it retains the characteristics of British landscape garden. The exhibits in Lu Xun Memorial Hall mainly show Lu Xun's social activities and cultural life in Shanghai for 10 years. Lu Xun's tomb is a national key cultural relic protection unit. In 1956, when Lu Xun died 20 years ago, Lu Xun's tomb was moved here by Wanguo cemetery. Lu Xun Park is also the first place in Shanghai to filter water with sand.

Historical evolution

Lu Xun Park was built very early. As early as the end of the 19th century, it was a shooting range outside Sichuan Road (now North Sichuan Road) under the Ministry of industry of the public concession. Later, a part of it was designated as a park. It was built and opened in 1905, initially known as "new shooting range Park", and renamed Hongkou Park in 1922. Because of its vast sports grounds, the park is often used by the army and police as a place for training and military parade. The first one to use the park is the paramilitary organization of the concession, the Wanguo business group. As soon as the political and military situation around Shanghai changes, the Wanguo business group will go to the park for training. In the 1920s, when the warlords of various factions fought for Shanghai, the Wanguo business group entered the park every morning and evening for two years.

On the edge of Hongkou Park, there is a golf course and sports ground, so the second Far East Games were held here from May 15 to 22, 1915, and the fifth Far East Games were held from May 30 to June 4, 1921.

Hongkou Park is expanded on the basis of shooting range. Its area is slightly smaller than that of Zhaofeng Park, but larger than other parks. In 1906, it was partially opened to foreigners, in 1909, it was fully opened to foreigners, and in 1928, it was opened to Chinese people. It is the most important recreation center in the area north of Suzhou River.

On April 29, 1932, the "Hongkou Park bomb case" occurred in Hongkou Park, which caused a sensation in the whole country and even in East Asia. Yin Fengji, a Korean Anti Japanese volunteer, dropped a bomb on the rostrum, killing Bai Chuan, commander of the occupying forces, Heduan, head of the Japanese overseas Chinese residence regiment, Chongguang Kui, Japanese Minister to China, Murai, consul to Shanghai, Nomura, commander of the occupying forces' warships, Zhitian, Division commander, and Youye, Secretary of the Department. This case aroused the Anti Japanese sentiment of Shanghai citizens.

After the August 13 incident in 1937, Shanghai (Chinese territory) was occupied by the Japanese, and Hongkou Park was renamed "new park". As this is a place where Japanese expatriates live, few Chinese dare to go to the park. In the southeast of the former Park shooting range, it was rebuilt by the Japanese as a "Japanese shrine in Shanghai" to commemorate and mourn the death of Japanese soldiers.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, the park was taken over by the Chinese government and renamed "Zhongzheng Park" (Zhongzheng is the name of Chiang Kai Shek), but it was still called Hongkou Park by the people. After the founding of new China, the park and stadium were separated and named Hongkou Park and Hongkou Stadium.

Lu Xun came to Shanghai from Guangzhou in October 1927 and lived in Shanghai for nine years. He came to Hongkou Park many times. When Lu Xun died, people wanted to change Hongkou Park into Lu Xun Park, but it failed for various reasons. In October 1956, on the 20th anniversary of Lu Xun's death, Lu Xun's tomb was moved from Wanguo cemetery to Hongkou Park. In the park, there is a memorial hall of Lu Xun in the style of Jiangnan houses.

In 1988, Hongkou Park was officially renamed Lu Xun Park, while Hongkou Stadium was rebuilt and renamed Hongkou Football field.

Traffic information

Bus routes

1. Take bus No.18, 21, 47, 52, 139, 167, 597, 854, 863, 939, 991 and airport line 4 to Lu Xun Park station

2. Take bus No.70 or 97 to Duolun Road Station of North Sichuan Road to get to the South Gate of Lu Xun Park;

3. Take No.70, No.79, No.222, no.853, no.875, no.937, no.959, no.975 to the east sports meeting road station of Dalian West Road to get off to the north gate of Lu Xun Park;

rail transit

Rail transit line 3, 8 to Hongkou Football Field Station, along the Sichuan North Road eastbound 2 minutes to the South Gate of Lu Xun Park.

Main attractions

Memorial Hall of Lu Hsun

Shanghai Lu Xun memorial hall is the first memorial hall for people after the founding of the people's Republic of China. It also manages two cultural relics protection units, Lu Xun's former residence and Lu Xun's tomb. It was prepared by the Ministry of culture of the East China military and political Commission in the spring of 1950. Xie Danru was responsible for the preparation. It was officially opened on January 7, 1951. Premier Zhou Enlai inscribed the name of the museum. The museum was named patriotic education base by Shanghai municipal government in 1994, announced as national patriotic education demonstration base by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee in 2001, and rated as the first batch of first-class museums in China by the State Administration of cultural relics in 2009.

The total building area of Lu Xun Memorial Hall in Shanghai is 5043 square meters. On the first floor, there are a special library of cultural celebrities "Chaohua library", an academic lecture hall "Shuren hall", and a special exhibition hall "Benliu art garden". The hall can accommodate hundreds of people to join the team, the league, the party and other ritual activities. The second floor is the exhibition hall of Lu Xun's life. The museum now has more than 200000 cultural relics and documents, including 93 first-class cultural relics (groups) and more than 20000 precious cultural relics. Based on Lu Xun's manuscripts, literature photos and relics, supplemented by a variety of modern science and technology display techniques, the exhibition hall truly reproduces Lu Xun's broad and profound spiritual world and tortuous life course with five special topics of new literature, new man-made, cultural fireman, spiritual warrior and Chinese national soul. In front of the middle hall of the memorial hall is a "hundred grass garden" written by Lu Xun. The maple leaves in the garden are as red as red, and the flowers are gorgeous.

Shanghai Lu Xun memorial hall has actively carried out patriotism education activities, organized a team of volunteers, held a series of activities, such as mobile exhibition activities, "Lu Xun Cup" textbook drama activities, literature society "looking for Lu Xun's footprints", and become the second classroom of social teaching.

Lu Hsun's Tomb

Lu Xun died on October 19, 1936. On the 22nd, Lu Xun's funeral ceremony was held in the auditorium of Wanguo cemetery. Later, his body was buried in area f on the east side of the cemetery, numbered 406-413 acupoints, covering an area of more than 50 square meters.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the government prepared to build a new tomb of Lu Xun. In the spring of 1952, the Ministry of culture of East China and other relevant departments decided to build a new tomb in Hongkou Park near Lu Xun's former residence and where Lu Xun had been. In January 1956, the State Council decided to move the tomb on the 20th anniversary of Lu Xun's death. In the middle of the same month, a committee for the relocation of Lu Xun's tomb was established in Shanghai, with Mayor Chen Yi as its chairman. In early June, the central government approved the design presided over by Chen Zhi, a design expert, and allocated 900000 yuan for the project. The project was started on July 19 and completed on October 9 in the same year.

Lu Xun's tomb is newly built. The front of the tomb is covered with velvet turf. The tomb is facing south, and the plane is in the shape of. It is made of Suzhou Jinshan granite, with a construction area of 1600 square meters. In the middle of the cemetery is a rectangular green space surrounded by melon seeds and Euonymus japonicus, and a horizontal marker stone of "national key cultural relics protection unit" is placed in the front of the green space. There is a sitting statue of Lu Xun behind the center of the green space. The base of the statue is inlaid with four pieces of granite, and the upper part is embossed with a decorative pattern. The cloud part of the title page of the tomb is designed by Lu Xun himself, and the year of Lu Xun's birth and death: "1881-1936" is engraved under the pattern. The total height of Lu Xun's portrait is 1.71 meters, written by Xiao Chuanjiu, Professor of Zhejiang Academy of fine arts. A row of cypress trees are planted outside the passageways on both sides of the green space. It is a square platform that can hold four or five hundred people. Two Magnolia grandiflora trees are planted on the left and right sides of the platform, and then the stone column flower gallery and Wisteria are planted on the outside, under which there are long chairs. On the front of the platform is a large tombstone with a width of 10.2 meters and a height of 5.38 meters. Mao Zedong's inscription: "the tomb of Mr. Lu Xun" is engraved in the center, and the inscriptions are inlaid with gold. Below the tombstone is the tomb where Lu Xun's coffin was placed, which was covered with six granite slabs. On the left and right of the tomb are cypresses planted by Lu Xun's wife Xu Guangping and her son Zhou Haiying. Behind the monument is a screen like Earth mountain, planted with pines and cypresses, Cinnamomum camphora, four seasons flowers and plants, as well as cherry blossoms, Chimonanthus praecox and osmanthus trees presented by Japanese friends.

On the morning of October 14, 1956, the ceremony of transferring Lu Xun's coffin was held in the auditorium of Wanguo cemetery. Jin Zhonghua, vice mayor of Shanghai, presented flags and wreaths to Lu Xun on behalf of the Municipal People's Committee and Shanghai people. The flag is a copy of the "national soul" banner presented by the representatives of the people when Lu Xun died. After the ceremony, the coffin was moved. After arriving at the new cemetery, it will be held in front of the tomb. Nearly 2000 people attended the ceremony, including Song Qingling, Ke Qingshi, Mao Dun, Zhou Yang, Ba Jin and Xu Guangping. Ba Jin, Mao Dun and Xu Guangping delivered speeches successively. At the end of the ceremony, the statue of Lu Xun was unveiled.

After the new tomb of Lu Xun was built, it was renovated many times. In 1961, the original white cement statue of Lu Xun was cast into bronze. In March of the same year, the State Council announced Lu Xun's tomb as a key cultural relics protection unit in China.

In October 1986, the Municipal People's government determined that the protection area of Lu Xun's tomb was 50 meters around the base, and the building control area was 150 meters.

Chinese PinYin : Lu Xun Gong Yuan