Tomur peak Nature Reserve

Tomur peak is the highest peak of Tianshan Mountain, which means "iron" in Uighur. It is 7435 meters above sea level, located in the northwest of Wensu County, Aksu Prefecture. It was officially opened to the outside world in 1985. Xuanzang, a famous monk, wrote about baluka state in his records of the western regions of the Tang Dynasty, saying: "travel more than 300 Li to the northwest of the country, and reach Lingshan mountain through the stone moraine. The water flows from the north to the East. The valley is covered with snow and frozen in spring and summer. The journey was dangerous and the cold wind was fierce. " "Lingshan" is the area of Tomur peak.

The most spectacular scenery in the Tomur region is the hantengri glacier. Among more than 800 glaciers in Tomur peak area, the hantengri glacier is the longest, with a length of 60.8 km, and is one of the eight valley glaciers in the world.

Tomur Peak National Nature Reserve

synonym

Tomur peak nature reserve generally refers to Tomur Peak National Nature Reserve

Xinjiang tuomuerfeng National Nature Reserve is located in Wensu County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Its geographical coordinates are 79 ° 50 ˊ～ 80 ° 54 ˊ E and 41 ° 40 ˊ～ 42 ° 04 ˊ n, belonging to forest ecosystem type nature reserve. The reserve is 105km long from east to west and 28km wide from north to south, with a total area of 237600 square kilometers. Xinjiang tuomuerfeng Nature Reserve was founded in June 1980 and was promoted to National Nature Reserve in 2003.

There are 382 species of protected higher plants in tuomuerfeng National Nature Reserve, including Saussurea involucrata, Astragalus membranaceus, etc. wild animals mainly include 77 species of terrestrial vertebrates, belonging to 73 genera, 28 families, 13 orders, and more than 1000 species of insects.

Historical evolution

In 1980, the people's Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region approved the establishment of the first batch of nature reserves in Xinjiang, such as the Tomur peak nature reserve

In 2003, it was promoted to a national nature reserve.

geographical environment

geographical position

Xinjiang tuomuerfeng National Nature Reserve is located in Wensu County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Its geographical coordinates are 79 ° 50 ˊ～ 80 ° 54 ˊ E and 41 ° 40 ˊ～ 42 ° 04 ˊ n, belonging to forest ecosystem type nature reserve.

Geology and geomorphology

The nature reserve is middle and high mountains. Tomur peak is the highest peak of Tianshan Mountains in China, with an altitude of 7435.3 meters. There are five peaks above 6800 meters and 15 peaks above 600 meters. It is the largest modern glacier area in China. It is not only the largest glaciation center in Tianshan Mountain, but also one of the eight glaciers in the world. At the same time, it is also the area with the most complete preservation of ancient glacial relics.

The altitude of the area is above 4200 meters, the ice and snow does not melt all the year round, and the ice erosion topography such as Jiaofeng, Renji, iceberg and trough valley is extremely developed. The modern glaciers flow downward along the slope radially with Tuofeng as the center. There are Tomur glaciers in the southwest, qiongtailan glaciers in the East and West in the southeast, and hantengri glaciers and South inerichek glaciers in the north. Over 5000 meters, there are three levels of planation surface (4500-4000 meters, 3500-3000 meters, 2500-2400 meters).

In the upper reaches of the valley, there are well-developed rubble mounds and alluvial fans; in the lower reaches of the valley and piedmont plain, there are traces of gullies, side moraines, ligravels and final moraines and dikes caused by ancient glaciers. The south slope is wet and warm, which makes the vertical band spectrum of the north and south slope have obvious difference. The north slope of 3600m to the south slope of 4200m is the boundary, above which is the permanent snow zone, and below which is the living zone of biological reproduction.

rivers

Ice and snow have bred 10 rivers in the nature reserve. Aksu River, the largest tributary of Tarim River, the longest inland river in China, originates here.

Regional scope

The nature reserve is 105km long from east to west and 28km wide from south to north, with a total area of 237600 hm2.

The Tomur Mountain Nature Reserve connects the Tianshan Mountains in the East, West, North and south. It is an important part of the species exchange bridge between Siberia, Pamir and Kunlun Mountains. It is a comprehensive nature reserve with alpine glaciers, wildlife and their living environment.

Protected objects

overview

There are 382 species of protected higher plants in tuomuerfeng National Nature Reserve, including Saussurea involucrata, Astragalus membranaceus, etc. wild animals mainly include 77 species of terrestrial vertebrates, belonging to 73 genera, 28 families, 13 orders, and more than 1000 species of insects.

plant resources

There are 382 species of higher plants in the biological resources reserve, such as Saussurea involucrata, Astragalus membranaceus, etc. It belongs to 238 genera of 60 families. There are 167 species of fungi, 19 species of lichens and 2 species of incomplete lichens.

There are more than 670 species of higher plants in tuomuerfeng nature reserve.

1. The altitude of 1900-2300m is the temperate desert steppe zone in mountain area, and the desertification in Northwest China is strong. Due to the strong influence of the arid desert climate at the foot of the mountain, the vegetation shows the nature of transition from desert to grassland. The vegetation is composed of drought tolerant tufted grasses and a considerable amount of desert elements. Coverage varies with topography and soil, generally 20-50%. The total yield of plants in this belt is not high, but there are many excellent forage plants.

2. The altitude of 2300-2600m is the mountain cold temperate grassland zone. The plants are most widely distributed in Stipa krylovii grassland, and the other drought tolerant grasses are Agropyron cristatum. A small amount of poplar, willow and birch grow on both sides of the river valley with better water content.

3. At 2600-2900 meters above sea level, it is a subalpine cold temperate grassland forest zone. On sunny slope or gentle zone, there are small snow mountain spruce forests with neat forest form and high density. At higher altitudes, it is pure sparse spruce forest; at lower altitudes, it is mixed with Pamir poplar, downy poplar and ash willow; at wet riversides, it is moss spruce forest. The undergrowth shrubs are Lonicera rigida, Sorbus tianshanensis, Rosa glandularis, etc. The main plants of grassland vegetation are Festuca arundinacea, isooat and Stipa krylovii. Spruce forest is a hotbed for cultivating fungi. Nearly 80% of the Macrofungi in Tuofeng area are distributed under the spruce forest. It is a traditional pastureland in summer because of its high plant production and good grass quality.

4. The altitude of 2900-3900 meters is alpine cold meadow zone. At the foot of 3800 meters above sea level, we can occasionally see the five flower meadow covering the earth like a carpet. The grass is not high. It's only 10 centimeters high. The dominant species was Polygonum viviparum, followed by Rhodiola quadricalyx, Erigeron canadensis, Saxifraga nodosa and Primula turkiana. There are alpine meadows dominated by Artemisia ordosica and Carex alterniflora on the planation surface with an altitude of 3000-3500 meters. The height of the grass layer is 10-30 cm, and the coverage is 50% - 60%. This zone is the center of the nature reserve, where many rare animals inhabit.

5. The altitude of 3900-4500m is alpine cold cushion vegetation zone, where the freezing weathering is strong, and the huge rock blocks constantly collapse from high to low, and further split into small pieces. There are rows of debris piles under the steep hillside. In the crevices of the rocks grow Cymbidium, Astragalus membranaceus and Saussurea involucrata. A variety of lichens adapted to alpine climate developed on the bare rock. There are four core raspberry grass, pair leaf Saxifraga, double flower weilingcai and so on.

6. The altitude of 4500-7435.3m is alpine ice and snow zone. The state protected plants include Saussurea involucrata, Astragalus membranaceus, etc.

Animal resources

Wild animals mainly include 77 species of terrestrial vertebrates, belonging to 73 genera, 28 families, 13 orders, and more than 1000 species of insects. Among them, there are 5 kinds of national first-class key protected animals, including snow leopard, North goat, Golden Eagle, jade belt sea eagle and Hu vulture.

The first-class national protection includes golden eagles, jade belt sea eagles, vultures, black storks, snow leopards, North goats, sable, white shoulder eagles, etc.

The national protected animals include snow leopard, North goat, argali, rock sheep, red deer, snow chicken, etc. Argali, also known as bighorn sheep and Bighead sheep, is a national second-class protected animal. Body length 1.3-1.7 m, shoulder height about 1 m. The back of the body is light brown or dark brown, the chest and abdomen are yellow brown, and there are white spots on the buttocks. Both male and female have horns, and the male horn is large and twisted spirally. There is an obvious and narrow ring on the outside of the angle. The horn of female sheep is short and not spiral. Argali inhabits in the alpine cold desert forest belt with an altitude of 3000-5000 meters. Generally, argali inhabits in groups of 3-5 or dozens. Estrus occurs from October to December every year, and one baby is born from April to may in the next year. Gramineous weeds as food

Introduction to scenic spots

Glacial landscape

Since the Quaternary, due to the crustal movement and climate change, there have been many glacial and interglacial periods in the reserve, leaving abundant glacial remains. The Quaternary glacial remains of muzaerte River and Tailan River are typical. Experts at home and abroad attach great importance to the study of glaciers in this area. The Tuomuer mountain glacier area is not only the largest glaciation center in Tianshan Mountain, but also one of the famous mountain glacier areas in the world. As a rare alpine reserve in China, it has great scientific research value in glaciers, natural geography, wild animals and plants and their habitats in arid areas.

The most spectacular scenery in the Tomur region is the Khan Tengger glacier. More than 800 in Tomur peak area

Chinese PinYin : Tuo Mu Er Feng Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu