Qingyan ancient town

Quite different from the beauty of Jiangnan Town, this is an ancient town with masculine spirit. It rose in the post station and took shape in the military garrison, after hundreds of years of construction. There are four religions in the ancient town (Buddhism, Taoism, Catholicism and Christianity). There are not only many temples in the ancient town, but also a Christian Church and a Catholic Church. The main street of the ancient town has been occupied by all kinds of snacks and specialty shops. The houses on the branch roads are worth visiting. Most of them are Qingyan double eaves hanging mountain style houses.

Beijie is one of the most distinctive stone lanes in Qingyan. After hundreds of years of scouring and honing, the bluestone slabs on the road have been shining like a mirror, which brings a unique sense of time and space and mystery to the streets. The street is surrounded by courtyard walls built up by layers of stones. The road is narrow and quiet. It rises and falls along the mountains. It is a perfect place for photography. Back street is also a place where the scenic spots are concentrated.

Qingyan ancient town

Qingyan ancient town, one of the four ancient towns in Guizhou, is located in the southern suburb of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province. It was built in 1378, the 10th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty. It was originally a military fortress. The ancient buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasties with exquisite design and exquisite craftsmanship are crisscrossed in the ancient town, with temples, pavilions, painted pillars and carved beams, and flying angles and double eaves alternating. The town is full of people and culture, including Zhou Yuhuang, a famous historical figure, and Zhao yijiong, the number one scholar in the late Qing Dynasty (the first scholar in Guizhou history). There are many historical relics in the town, such as the site of Qingyan religious plan, the residence of Zhao Zhuangyuan, the former residence of Mr. Pinggang, and the Red Army's Long March command. Zhou Enlai's father, Deng Yingchao's mother, Li Kenong and other revolutionary predecessors and their families all lived in Qingyan secretly. Qingyan ancient town was also one of the places where Zhejiang University moved to the West during the Anti Japanese war.

In September 2005, Qingyan ancient town scenic spot was announced as the second batch of Chinese historical and cultural towns by the Ministry of construction and the State Administration of cultural relics

. In 2013, it was honored as one of the most charming towns in China in Pinnacle International Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection and inheritance tourism planning project. In 2010, Qingyan ancient town won the honorary title of "hometown of Chinese poetry" awarded by the Chinese poetry society, and became the first hometown of poetry in China. In 2016, it was listed as one of the first batch of small towns with Chinese characteristics by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development.

On February 25, 2017, it was rated as a national 5A tourist attraction.

Historical evolution

Qingyan ancient town is located in Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province. It is the first national 5A scenic spot in Guiyang city and one of the second batch of famous historical and cultural towns in China. It has a history of more than 600 years, with profound cultural and historical deposits and charming regional characteristics. Qingyan ancient town was built in 1378 A.D. in the 11th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty. It was built because of the garrison troops in the Ming Dynasty. It is named after the blue rock. It is a mountainous military city evolved from the military city defense, known as the "South Gate" of Guiyang.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Tunpu was set up in Qingyan ancient town. From the fourth to the seventh year of Tianqi (1624-1627), ban Lingui, a Buyi chieftain, built Qingyan Tucheng, led 72 villages and controlled eight tribes and twelve chieftains. Qingyan ancient town is a military fortress and occupies a special geographical position. After several hundred years of construction and expansion, the earthen city walls were replaced by stone walls, and the streets and lanes were paved with stone. The surrounding walls are built on the cliff with huge stones. There are four gates in the East, West, South and North. Within 3 square kilometers of the city, there are nearly 100 cultural relics and scenic spots.

In order to control the southwest border, the Central Dynasty set up the Guizhou Wei command department in the sixth year of Hongwu (1373) to control the Sichuan, Yunnan, Hunan and Guangxi post roads. Qingyan is located in the middle of the main post road of Guangxi's entrance to Guiyang. On the post road, there are "shops" for delivering official documents and "ponds" for transmitting military information. The troops stationed at the foot of Shuangshi peak to build a village, which is historically known as "Qingyan village".

In 1381, Zhu Yuanzhang sent 300000 troops to Yunnan and Guizhou. After a large number of troops entered the hinterland of Central Guizhou, they settled down in the fields. "Qingyan village" gradually developed into a "Qingyan Castle" where both the army and the people were stationed.

geographical environment

Qingyan ancient town is located in the southern suburb of Guiyang City, about 29 kilometers away from the urban area. It is the central distribution center of the southern suburb of Huaxi District and the historical and cultural ancient town of Guizhou Province. It is located at 106 ° 37 ′ - 106 ° 44 ′ E and 26 ° 17 ′ - 26 ° 23 ′ n, about 10 km long from north to South and 8 km wide from east to west, with a total area of 92.3 square kilometers.

Qingyan ancient town is close to mountains, so it's natural that all the gates and walls are made of stone.

Qingyan ancient town has a subtropical monsoon climate, with an average annual precipitation of 1250mm, 2200 hours of sunshine, and an average temperature of 14 ℃ - 15 ℃. It is suitable for sightseeing all year round.

Architectural features

Qingyan ancient town has buildings with deep historical background. Climbing up the side of the town is not too high hillside, you can have a bird's-eye view of the town. The town is not built on a plane, but on an uneven hillside. From a high altitude, the whole town gives people a three-dimensional beauty that is hard to see in other ancient towns. In addition to many temples, Qingyan ancient town still has a Christian Church and a Catholic Church. Many religions coexist harmoniously, forming its unique style. Elephant trunk wood carving

Elephant trunk wood carvings are very common in Qingyan dwellings. Most of them are used for overhanging eaves in front of houses. Overhanging eaves need to bear weight. Carving them into elephant trunk shape is undoubtedly the embodiment of strength. The forest pillars of Qingyan folk house are round and square in cross section,

There are also square ones. Round and square are called column and square column, while square trowel is called "sesame column" because its column shape is similar to sesame rod. In addition to the beauty of lines, "sesame pillar" also reflects people's traditional cultural mentality of "more children, more happiness" and "rising step by step".

Chaomen

Most of the chaomen are vertical flower doors, some of which are stone like structures on the door cover, and the columns and column bases are carefully carved, with a very realistic appearance. Some people, in front of the court or the gate, spread a green stone board, carved with bats, ancient coins, ginkgo, carp and other patterns, meaning "open the door to fortune", "open the door to wealth", "open the door to son", "more than a year" and "carp leaping over the dragon's gate". The exterior decoration of Qingyan residence does not look very luxurious, so it is not particularly eye-catching, which reflects the traditional concept of Qingyan businessmen that "money is not revealed". However, a close observation shows that the external decoration of Qingyan residence is very rich in cultural connotation, like an ancient book. The wood carvings of pomegranate, gourd and sunflower on the door bucket, door hairpin and couplet symbolize both "many sons" and "many blessings". "Many sons and many blessings" are all people's dream. Many large families have shops in the front yard, bedrooms in the back yard and study rooms in the back. Most of the window carvings in the study are ice cracks, which means to survive the cold window for ten years.

Double eaves hanging mountain style

The double eaves overhanging mountain style residence is a clever combination of human bionics and commercial management. The appearance of the residence in Qingyan ancient town is not obviously different from that of other Ming and Qing Dynasties buildings. The green tiles and stone walls are ancient and simple, but it has its own distinctive individuality and regional color after careful observation. Guizhou has always had the saying that "it will not be sunny in three days". If it rains, business can not be delayed. Smart businessmen have accumulated experience and lessons repeatedly, and typical dwellings in Qingyan Town have been born. As a shop, the facade of a residential building is usually a little bigger. The first eaves alone can't stand the wind and rain. What's more, there is a mountain rain with the wind. But you can't close the door. If you don't do business, you can add a double eaves to protect the counter. No matter how heavy the rain is, you won't be afraid of it. If you carefully observe, you will find that the double eaves are like eyebrows and eyelashes. The eyelashes protect the eyes, not the eyebrows. The eyebrows play a decorative role. This kind of bionic commercial residential buildings fully embodies the wisdom and innovation spirit of the working people in the ancient town. This kind of multi-functional residential building with human bionics is rare even in the whole country.

Waist gate

Qingyan folk houses are mostly built with waist doors, and their door handles and handles are quite learned. Many people's door-to-door fights are carved into peach and Ruyi shapes. Or tiger head or ox horn. Some handle made into gourd shape, pomegranate shape or auspicious cloud shape, Ruyi shape. The door hairpin, commonly known as "Damen hammer", or carved Qian and Kun hexagrams. Or carved peony, sunflower. Gate Ying, carved peach, pomegranate, auspicious clouds, Ruyi or dragon and phoenix patterns, known as the "door dragon.".

Window carving

The wood carvings of pomegranate, gourd and sunflower on the door bucket, door hairpin and couplet symbolize both "many sons" and "many blessings". "Many sons and many blessings" are the dream of people. Ruyi, peony, auspicious cloud, dragon and Phoenix are all mascots in traditional culture, which have always been popular among the people. Qingyan window carving is also very wonderful. In addition to the common patterns of Fu, Lu, Shouxi, Geng, Du, Yu and Qiao, there are also dragon, Phoenix, lion and elephant. In many large families, the front yard is used as a shop, the back yard as a living room, and the two sides as a study. Most of the window carvings in the study are ice cracks, which means to survive the cold window for ten years. Some of them are carved in the shape of bats, while others are carved in the shape of butterflies. In Han culture, bats and butterflies usually represent "happiness", and butterflies even symbolize "longevity". The homonym of butterfly is "Fu" and "jiu". A person, if he can live to the "fashionable old age", it is undoubtedly the old birthday. Wooden pillars of Qingyan folk houses.

Main buildings

In the small ancient town, ancient buildings abound. In addition to the eight memorial archways mentioned above, there are nine Temples: Longquan and CI

Chinese PinYin : Qing Yan Gu Zhen