Lugou Bridge

Lugou Bridge, also known as Lugou Bridge, is located on Yongding River in Fengtai District, about 15 kilometers southwest of Beijing. It is the oldest existing stone arch bridge in Beijing. Lugou bridge is 266.5m long and 7.5m wide, with the widest part reaching 9.3m. There are 10 piers, a total of 11 holes, the whole bridge body is stone structure, the key parts are silver ingot iron tenon connection, is the longest ancient stone bridge in North China. On July 7, 1937, Japanese imperialism launched a comprehensive war of aggression against China here. The Chinese garrison in Wanping City stood up to resist, which was known as the Lugouqiao Incident (also known as the July 7th incident). The Chinese Anti Japanese army launched its first shot in the comprehensive anti Japanese war at Lugouqiao.

Lugou Bridge

Lugou Bridge, also known as Lugou Bridge, is located in Yongding River, Fengtai District, Beijing. It is named after crossing Lugou River (Yongding River). It is an existing ancient stone arch bridge in Beijing.

Lugou bridge was built in June of the 16th year of Chunxi (1189) of the Southern Song Dynasty. In 1961, Lugou bridge was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units;

Lugou bridge was officially retired in 1985 and closed in 1991.

Lugou bridge is 266.5 meters long and 7.5 meters wide, with goose wings on both sides of the bridge and trumpet shaped deck.

On July 7, 1937, Japan launched a full-scale war of aggression against China here, which is known as the Lugouqiao Incident (also known as the July 7 Incident). The Chinese Anti Japanese army launched its first shot in the comprehensive anti Japanese war at Lugouqiao.

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Construction process

Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties

In the 28th year of Jin Dading (1188), Jin Shizong decided to build Lugou bridge. However, before construction started, Jin Shizong died of illness at the beginning of the second year.

In June of the 16th year of Chunxi (1189), Lugou bridge was built.

 

The Lugou bridge was completed on March 11, the third year of jinmingchang (April 24, 1192). Jin Zhangzong named "Guangli" and changed its name to Lugouqiao because it crossed the Lugou River (Yongding River).

 

Yuanyanyou four years (1317) to the fourteenth year (1354), Lugouqiao Street tower.

 

In the Ming Dynasty, the bridge was built six times from 1412 to 1555. There was no major project in 6 times. The bridge was repaired in 1412, the 10th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty. What was repaired is not clear, but it is not a major repair according to the records.

"Ming Hui Yao:" in July of the 10th year of Yongle, the Lugou river rose, and the bridge and dike were damaged. The Ministry of industry was ordered to build it. " In 1444, the Lugou bridge was rebuilt. "Ming Yi Tong Zhi": "(Lugou Bridge) Jin Ming Chang was built at the beginning, and this dynasty was rebuilt in the ninth year of Zhengtong."

In 1490, Lugou bridge was completed.

 

Ming Shi Lu: "in May of the third year of Hongzhi, Lugou bridge was built. The number of craftsmen in the mausoleum of the former Emperor was 40000, less than one third of that in the mausoleum. "

In 1541, the Lugou bridge was repaired, but it was stopped before it was finished. Ming Shilu: "Jiajing 24 years in April a son, edict stop Lugou bridge work." In 1555, the Lugou bridge was built in the 34th year of Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty.

"Ming Shi Lu:" in July of the 34th year of Jiajing, the construction of Lugou bridge was completed In 1556, the Lugou bridge was built once. This project is closely following the previous year's project, and may be a rework or supplementary project.

Ming Shi Lu: "in April of the 35th year of Jiajing, the Lugou bridge was built."

 

In 1669, the Lugou bridge was rebuilt.

 

In 1698, the Lugou bridge was rebuilt. Kangxi ordered a monument to be erected at the west end of the bridge to record the rebuilding of the Lugou bridge. In 1751, a pavilion was built on Lugou bridge to engrave a stele. The stele with the four characters "Lugou Xiaoyue" written in Emperor Qianlong's handwriting was erected at the head of the bridge.

 

In 1908, Emperor Guangxu died and was buried in Xiling, Yixian County, Hebei Province. Because of the narrow bridge deck, the stone railings on both sides of the bridge had to be temporarily removed, and wooden bridges were built on both sides to pass through the coffin. Afterwards, the stone fence was restored as it was.

Japanese invasion

On July 7, 1937, the "July 7 Lugouqiao Incident" took place in Lugouqiao, which became the starting point of China's eight year comprehensive anti Japanese war against Japan.

 

In the late July of the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), the continuous heavy rain and the flood of Yongding River overthrew the stone railings of Lugou bridge. The bridge deck overflowed and the right bank of Lugou Bridge burst 1.5 km away.

 

In 1961, Lugou bridge was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

 

In 1967, the Lugou bridge deck was widened by more than 400 meters of footpath, 59 concrete cantilever beams were built, 91 watchposts were replaced, and the lion on the head of the column was re carved. In August of the same year, the central leading group of the Cultural Revolution ordered the Beijing Municipal Revolutionary Committee (municipal government) to solve the problem of poor traffic at Lugouqiao.

In 1971, Lugou new bridge was built to protect Lugou Bridge and reduce its traffic volume, but Lugou bridge still continues to undertake the task of transportation.

Officially retired

In 1985, Lugouqiao was officially retired.

In 1986, the historical relics restoration Committee of Lugou bridge was established to restore the original appearance of Lugou bridge. The project demolished the asphalt paved after 1949 and the widened footpath in 1967, restored the original appearance of the ancient bridge, and moved the traffic of motor vehicles to the adjacent Lugou new bridge and the later Beijing Shijiazhuang expressway.

On September 3, 1988, a thunderbolt damaged the 68th guard post on the east side of Lugou Bridge, and the stone lion on the guard post was also damaged.

In 1991, Lugou Bridge realized closed management.

 

In June 1997, some stone lions and watchposts damaged by lightning were repaired.

 

On July 17, 2017, the stone lion of Lugou bridge built digital archives to present the panoramic view of Lugou bridge.

 

Bridge location

Lugou Bridge, also known as Lugou Bridge, is about 15 kilometers southwest of Beijing, on the Yongding River in Fengtai District. It is the oldest stone arch bridge in Beijing.

 

Architectural design

building structure

The bridge deck of Lugou bridge is slightly curved, with lower ends and uplift in the middle. The piers, arches, pillars, balustrades, drum stones and Huabiao are all built with natural quartz sandstone and marble, while the bridge deck is laid with natural granite.

The riverbed of Lugou bridge is paved with cobblestone and quartz sand several meters thick, and the whole bridge body is very solid and stable. The plane of the pier is flat bottomed ship shape, and the north is upstream, which is the water inlet. The masonry water diversion point is sharp, like the bow, 4.5-5.2 meters long, accounting for about one fourth of the pier. At the front end of each water diversion point, there is a triangular cast iron with a side width of 26 cm and an acute angle outward, so as to reduce the impact of flood and ice and protect the stability of the water diversion point. On the top of the water diversion point, there are six layers of water diversion stone slabs, called fenghuangtai. The lower two layers are lifted out, and the upper layers are gradually retracted, with a height of 1.83 meters. This not only strengthens the stability of the water diversion point, but also balances the bearing pressure of the pier.

The south side of the Lugou bridge pier is downstream, and it is built in streamline shape, like the stern of a ship, to disperse the water flow and reduce the pressure of the flood on the tunnel. The marble guardrail on the bridge deck is composed of 281 watchposts and 279 balustrades alternately. In the south, there are 141 pillars and 140 breast boards; in the north, there are 140 pillars and 1.39 breast boards.

Beautiful flower patterns are carved face to face on the pillar and fence stone of Lugou bridge. A large stone lion is carved at the end of the pillar, and some small stone lions are carved on the head, under the foot or behind the chest. Both ends of the bridge are used as drum holding stones. At the east end are two big stone lions, and at the west end are two big stone elephants. They are huge and charming. In addition to the stone lions and stone statues on the top hurdle, there is a Huabiao standing 4.65 meters high, under which there is an octagonal xumizuo, with a marble on top, and a stone lion carved on the rosette disc. Facing the bridge, it looks like seeing off a pedestrian.

On the north side of the east end of Lugou bridge stands the stele of "Lugou Xiaoyue" written by Emperor Qianlong and the stele Pavilion.

Emperor Kangxi rebuilt the Lugou Bridge stele, standing outside the stele Pavilion. The stele of Lugou Bridge rebuilt by Emperor Qianlong stood on the north side of the western end of the bridge.

 

Design parameters

Lugou bridge has a total length of 266.5 meters (213.5 meters of bridge body and 26.675 meters of goose wings at both ends). The goose wings on both sides of the bridge are trumpet shaped with a width of 32 meters at the entrance. The total width of the bridge body is 9.3 meters (including ground baggage, sky lifting and railings), and the width of the bridge deck is 7.5 meters. There are 10 piers, a total of 11 holes, all built with white stone. The bridge body, arch and pier are firm with waist iron, and the pier is in the shape of a boat. The water facing surface is built as a water dividing point, and the tip is added with triangular iron columns, which is called "chopping sword" to resist floods and spring ice. One arch at each end

Chinese PinYin : Lu Gou Qiao