Linggu Temple

Linggu Temple was first built in the Southern Dynasties. The main hall of the temple is for the Buddha; daojue hall is for the spiritual bones of master Xuanzang; Guanyin Pavilion is for Guanyin Bodhisattva; Maitreya hall, ancestral hall and other buildings. The ancient temple is surrounded by forest and spring, which is called "Soul Valley and deep pine" in ancient times. It is a wonderful place to explore.

The rain road is the Wuliang hall. It is the only remaining ancient building in Linggu Temple. It is engraved with Sun Yat Sen's "will of the premier" and the list of soldiers and soldiers killed in the national revolution. You can have a panoramic view of Linggu pagoda, the landmark scenic spot of Linggu Temple.

Linggu Temple

Linggu Temple is located at the foot of the south slope of Zijin Mountain in Xuanwu District of Nanjing City, about 1.5km to the east of Zhongshan Mausoleum. It was built in 514, the 13th year of Tianjian of Nanliang Dynasty. It is the "Kaishan jingshe" built by Emperor Liangwu of the Southern Dynasty to commemorate the famous monk Baozhi Zen master. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang personally named it "Linggu Temple" and named it "the first Buddhist temple in the world", which was one of the three Buddhist temples in the Ming Dynasty. Jinling fanchazhi juxtaposes it with Dabaoen temple and Tianjie temple as the grand temple.

In Linggu Temple, there are many halls, such as release pool, King Kong hall, heavenly king hall, Wuliang Hall (also known as Wuliang Hall), Wufang hall, Pilu hall, Guanyin Pavilion and so on. There is Baogong tower behind the temple. There is a statue of Xuanzang sitting in the memorial hall of Xuanzang in Linggu Temple. There is a relic of Xuanzang's parietal bone in the memorial tower of Xuanzang's parietal bone in front of the statue.

In 1982, Wuliang Hall of Linggu Temple was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province; in 1983, Linggu Temple in Nanjing was designated as a national key Buddhist temple in Han nationality region; in 2006, it was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council.

Historical evolution

Linggu Temple was originally built by Emperor Liang Wu of the Southern Dynasty for worshiping Baozhi Zen master. It is located at the southern foot of Mt. Everest in dulongfuwan, Zijin Mountain. It was built in the 13th year of Tianjian (514) of the Southern Dynasty. In order to bury Baozhi monk, Emperor Liang Wu built Kaishan jingshe and Zhigong tower in dulonggang.

It was renamed "baogongyuan" in Qianfu period of Tang Dynasty.

In Kaibao period of Song Dynasty, it was renamed Kaishan Daochang.

In 979, the title Temple of Song Taizong was "Taiping Xingguo Chan Temple".

It was called "Jiangshan Temple" in Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Taizu, chose this place to build his own mausoleum. In 1381, he moved the original temple to the present site of Linggu Temple. The terrain is a valley between the left group mountain and the right precipitous mountain. It can be said that the mountain has spirit and the valley has water, so it is named "Linggu Temple". Wuliang Hall (also known as Wuliang Hall) is made of brick and stone, where Wuliang Shouyi is placed. The plaque of Linggu Temple is given by Zhu Yuanzhang, and the temple is named "Linggu Temple". At that time, Linggu Temple was very large, covering an area of more than 500 mu. There are also such scenic spots as Linggu pagoda and Sanjue stele; the sitting statue of master Xuanzang is worshipped in Xuanzang memorial hall, and the parietal relic of master Xuanzang is in the parietal bone memorial tower in front of the statue.

In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, it was hit by ice and fire, but it was revived in the next year. In 1707, when Kangxi was on a tour to the south, he was lucky to be on Zhongshan Mountain and granted a plaque of "Linggu Chan Lin" and a couplet of "Tianxiang Piao Guang Dian, Shanqi Suo Kong Kuo" to the temple.

Although he received Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong to stay here. However, most of the buildings were destroyed by the Qing army and Taiping Army during the Tongzhi period of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty. Although the temple was rebuilt by Zeng Guofan and others during the Tongzhi period, its scale was not as grand as Linggu Temple in the Ming Dynasty.

In 1928, the national government built a cemetery for the soldiers of the National Revolutionary Army at the original site of Linggu Temple, and the former Linggu Temple was moved to the dragon temple built in the sixth year of Tongzhi. There are 110 stone tablets on the four walls, engraved with the names of the soldiers and soldiers killed by the national revolutionary army.

In 1949, after the founding of the people's Republic of China, this area was changed into "Linggu Temple Park".

In 1973, Linggu Temple in Nanjing was restored and opened to the public. With the approval of relevant departments, it was invited back from the Municipal Cultural Administration Commission to worship the spiritual bones of master Xuanzang. There is a "Memorial Hall of master Xuanzang" in the temple. In the center of the memorial hall is a 13 story nanmu Pagoda with dense eaves, in which the parietal bones of master Xuanzang are worshipped.

In 1980, after the abbot of the Linggu Temple, the great monk Zhenci carried out a comprehensive maintenance of the Linggu Temple, rebuilt the mountain gate, the main hall, the ancestral hall, the guest hall, the Zhigong hall, the Sutra collection building, and built new Guanyin Pavilion, Xuanzang courtyard and other buildings.

In 1983, Linggu Temple in Nanjing was designated as the national key Buddhist temple in the Han nationality area.

In 2004, a new Tang style Xuanzang courtyard was built in Linggu Temple.

In April 2014, Linggu Temple held the 1500th anniversary celebration of the opening of the mountain and the fourth Jinling Buddha worship culture month.

On January 8, 2016, the underground palace of Xuanzang courtyard of Linggu Temple was completed. The parietal bone of Xuanzang, the treasure of the temple, was moved from the main hall of Xuanzang courtyard to the underground palace for preservation. In the future, the underground palace will be used as the permanent storage and worship place of Xuanzang's parietal bone.

Architectural pattern

Linggu Temple, a scenic spot composed of temple buildings, cemetery of soldiers killed in the national revolution and Linggu Park, is located in the east of Zhongshan Mausoleum.

The gate of Linggu Temple is a hall with three arches. Just south of the gate, there is a crescent shaped releasing pool about 100 meters long. The rain passage behind the gate is the Wuliang hall. In front of the hall, there is a memorial archway with five couplets and a top. In the middle of the archway, the words "benevolence and righteousness" are engraved on the forehead and the words "save the country and the people" are engraved on the back. In front of the square, there are a pair of Chinese white jade sculptures. At the back of Wuliang hall is the first cemetery of soldiers killed in battle. This tomb, together with the second and third cemeteries located 300 meters from east to west, buries 1029 soldiers killed in the Northern Expedition and anti Japanese war. Behind the arc-shaped tomb wall is SONGFENG Pavilion, which is built on dozens of steps. There are two floors of jiuying, an ambulatory outside, surrounded by red pillars, and the second floor is hollow. There is a Baoding in the middle of the corridor behind the pavilion. It is engraved with the four characters "Mingding chuxun". To the north of Baoding is Linggu pagoda, the landmark scenic spot of Linggu Temple. In the east of Wuliang hall, there are main hall, daojue hall, Guanyin Pavilion, sutra library, Maitreya hall and other buildings. Opposite the temple gate is a yellow screen wall with a top. Across the small bridge to the East is an ancient building with five couplets, named Liuyuan hall. From Liuchu hall to the southeast is the tomb of Deng Yanda. In the middle of the tomb is a round flower bed. There is a Square Pavilion at the end of the corridor. In front of the tomb are cedars and cypresses. There are lawns on the ground and stone walls on the East, West and north sides. There is a granite tombstone in front of the tomb, engraved with "the tomb of martyr Deng Yanda" written by He Xiangning.

Main attractions

Shanmen

The gate of Linggu Temple is the gate of Linggu park. The gate of this antique building was rebuilt in the 1930s. It is in the form of three arches, green glazed tile eaves and red exterior wall, so it is also called red gate. There are four words "Linggu Shengjing" on the forehead, which are written by modern calligrapher Qian Songyue. A pair of stone lions outside the gate were presented by the Peiping military branch, which built the cemetery for the dead. At the end of the two roads paved with bluestone behind the Red Mountain Gate stands a memorial archway for those who died in the northern expedition. The archway was built in 1935 to commemorate those who died in the northern expedition. The base of the archway is 32.7 meters long, 16.6 meters wide and 10 meters high. There are five archways, all of which are made of reinforced concrete. The base is inlaid with granite and covered with green glazed tiles. On the forehead of the front middle gate of the memorial archway, the four characters of "great benevolence and righteousness" are engraved horizontally, and on the back, the four characters of "saving the country and the people" are inscribed by Kuomintang veteran Zhang Jingjiang.

Wuliang Hall

Wuliang temple is the only remaining building in Linggu Temple in Ming Dynasty. It is named for its worship of wuliangshou Buddha. Because this hall is brick and stone arch structure, without beams, so it is commonly known as "no beam hall". Wuliang hall was built in the 14th year of Hongwu (138) of Ming Dynasty. The main hall is 53.8 meters long from east to west. The front terrace is spacious, with 5 rooms wide and 3 rooms deep. On the top of the hall are glazed tiles with double eaves and nine ridges, and the three glazed tile pagodas on the ridge are Lama pagodas. Its architectural structure has changed the architectural tradition of beam column combined with frame in ancient Chinese architecture. There are no beams and columns in the whole building, all of them are made of bricks. The construction method of ancient Chinese stone arch bridge is adopted. Five holes are built with bricks at the base, and then the joints are folded to form a large arched roof. Each of the five doors is a ticket, with 5 tickets in each row. The ticket hole in the middle is the largest, 11.4 meters wide and 14 meters high. Although the internal structure is a ticket hole structure, the external structure is still in the form of imitation wood structure. There are cantilevered brackets under the eaves, and there are doors and windows on the front. It is a complex building with various ticket methods.

In front of Wuliang Hall of Linggu Temple, there is a white jade Tomb of Han Dynasty with a stone on it. This stone is Tan Yanfu's tomb, on which the words "Tomb of Tan gongyanfu, executive member of the Central Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang and former president of the national government" written by Chiang Kai Shek originally appeared. Under the tombstone, there is a turtle seat, surrounded by stone railings, which is the starting point of Tan Yanfu's tomb. Later, the original inscriptions were polished, and Gao Yilin, the first director of Zhongshan cemetery management office, copied Qianlong's calligraphy and wrote "deep and loose Spirit Valley".

Linggu Pagoda

Linggu tower, formerly known as the memorial tower of the dead, is one of the main buildings of the cemetery of the dead. It was built in 1931-1933 from the 20th year of the people's Republic of China to the 22nd year of the Republic of China. The designers of the tower are Mao Fei, a famous American architect, and Dong Dayou, a Chinese architect. The tower is about 60 meters high, with nine floors and eight sides, all built with reinforced concrete. Each floor is covered with green glazed tile eaves, the tower is surrounded by a corridor < I (cloud seat) < / I, and a platform surrounded by stone railings. The middle part of the tower is spiral, and the escalator has 260 multi-level walls, and each floor has two sides

Chinese PinYin : Ling Gu Si