Liwan Museum

Liwan Museum

Liwan Museum, founded in December 1996, is the first district level museum in Guangdong Province with the main content of collecting, displaying and studying Liwan history, culture and folk customs. The main entrance of Liwan museum is located on the west side of Panxi restaurant, Longjin West Road, Liwan District, and the side door is located at No. 84, Fengyuan North Street, Longjin West Road. It is a rich businessman's villa with Chinese garden and Western architecture in the early Republic of China.

In February 2020, in order to pay homage to the majority of medical workers, the scenic spot will be opened to medical workers after the end of the epidemic and the resumption of operation.

Development history

On September 26, 2000, Xiguan folk custom museum, the second phase project of Liwan Museum, was officially opened to the public. The main building of Xiguan folk custom museum is the reconstructed Xiguan house, which is located in the east of the original site, with a building area of 278 square meters. The purpose of its establishment is to fully protect and deeply tap the rich historical and cultural resources of Xiguan, and partially reproduce the typical mode of the traditional Xiguan big house and the living mode and cultural landscape of Xiguan's families through home furnishings and scene display. Following the principle of "keeping the old as it is", the completed Xiguan mansion has fully restored the architectural pattern and style of the old mansion from the aspects of plane layout, facade treatment, architectural design and detail decoration. The interior furnishings are mainly Ming and Qing Cantonese style furniture, supplemented by exhibitions such as "Xiguan mansion architectural conception", "Xiguan folk customs", "wedding customs" and "seasonal customs" in stairways, corridors, vacant rooms, etc., so as to fully display the Xiguan people's living customs with Xiguan mansion as the living carrier and the charm of "Xiguan corner" and "residential forest" in the past.

architectural composition

Xiguan folk custom museum

Xiguan culture is the epitome of Guangzhou culture, and Xiguan big house is the essence of Xiguan architectural culture. Xiguan folk custom museum is a typical Xiguan house.

On the right side of Liwan Museum, you can see the big house standing by Qingyun lane. The walls of the house are neatly built with green bricks, which is not a huge building, but the high ridge walls, as well as the overall exquisite design of staircases, corridors, rooftops and patios still give people a deep feeling of courtyard.

Stepping into the main gate, which is composed of low footed suspended door, long walk door and hardwood door, and stepping on the red square brick, the feeling of secluded ancient charm arises spontaneously.

The folk custom museum adopts a three Bay layout, facing the entrance is the main hall (God Hall), which is a place for worshiping ancestors and family members. The furniture inside is arranged symmetrically, and the tables and chairs are made of precious acid branches. In front of the main hall, near the patio, there is a flower cover carved with woodblock drawing flowers, which separates the hall from the patio. Above the main hall, there is a god building for worshiping ancestors In the back of the hall, the first room is surrounded by a screen door, which is the oldest living place of the elders. In the back of the first room is the second hall, which is the dining place for the family. The folk custom museum displays a variety of old supplies, such as teak juicer, copper water pot, slurry basin, washboard and so on. The most interesting thing is a large water mixer, which is made of copper. When burning firewood on one side, the other side can be heated by heat transfer The idea of heating and keeping warm is amazing.

On the west side of the main hall is the side hall, which was originally used to greet guests. Now it is used as an exhibition room. The colorful glass Manchuria windows on the wall echo with the simple wooden plaque. In the display cabinet, you can see the electric heater, dressing mirror, camera, make-up box, fire and water lamp, silver inlaid black wooden chopsticks, mahogany Sima Chi and other objects of the 1930s and 1940s. What's more, a pair of black lacquer wonton face shoulder makes you feel the clouds Swallow the fragrance of noodles, hear the cry of peddlers along the street.

On the east side of the main hall is the book Hall. The furnishings are still the same as before. There are all kinds of desks, bookcases and antique cabinets. There are brushes and inkstones on the desks. There are ancient picture frames on the walls. There is a strong smell of books. On one side of the table are old heavy gramophone. The faint music should be the voice of Zhou Xuan and Bai Guang: red face, heart beating, your soul, good morning Already, it's floating all the time! Low Wan intoxication, sweet soft glutinous. It was a pop song at that time.

There is a small courtyard outside the library. Some green plants or long leaves in the air, or windows reflecting the courtyard wall, seem to be a few strokes of freehand brushwork, but it means leisurely. There is a room behind the library, which is now designed as a new house. Inside, there are the plain images of the bridegroom, bride and sister Dazhen for visitors to visit. On the side of the library, there is a "Qingyun lane" (cold Lane), which is an old maid and maid Where people go in and out.

From the second hall to the attic, the stairs are winding up with wooden handrails. The number of stairs is single or not double. On the wall of the passage are pictures about the customs and history of Guangzhou. There are two rooms in the attic, one of which is Miss run room, which is still used by miss. At that time, Miss Xiguan knew the book and was polite, and her dress promoted the fashion trend. There are old photos in the frame on the wall of the corridor, which reproduce the customs of Xiguan in the past. The girls in the photo are round and beautiful, which is not consistent with the generally accepted phenomenon that Guangzhou local women are thin. As the saying goes: Master Dongshan, Miss Xiguan. Miss Xiguan's dress is fashionable and beautiful, which has been imitated by many people. Even the maid who serves them, sister Mammy, wears a white coat and black trousers, and has a greasy braid. The lady's boudoir is facing the patio with a big long window, and the beautiful and delicate make-up box is still on the dressing table. When they were in the boudoir, with such a window of scenery that had nothing to do with them and a self pitying face, they had the most prosperous life.

Another room is now used as an exhibition room to introduce the seasonal customs of Guangzhou. Among the exhibits is a set of miniature wooden tables and chairs for the seventh sister's birthday, which are hand-made and exquisite.

Xiguan folk custom museum is a small room, full of emotion and flavor. It not only shows the subtlety of Xiguan house, but also condenses the Guangzhou style.

Qingyun Lane

Also known as "cold lane", "fire lane" and "Water Lane", it has many functions such as traffic, ventilation and lighting. If the lane is long, a door opening wall is often set in the middle section to separate it, with a sense of hierarchy added to the wall. If the lane is long, a door opening wall is often set in the middle section to increase the sense of hierarchy. In the old days, well water connected to the sea, and the Dragon God of well spring was the Dragon King of the sea, which was the God to protect the safety of his family. This is a well with a Dragon God.

Side hall

A place for family members to live, rest and receive guests. Couplets of calligraphy and painting are often hung or engraved on the walls, reflecting the cultural taste and cultivation of the host. Such as "full of the moon, two sleeves.". "Even if there are thousands of fertile fields, it's hard to buy descendants with money.". As the exhibition hall of "the architectural conception of Xiguan house", this paper dissects and explains the Xiguan house and its details.

Inverted court room

Temporary room for guests. Furniture display is simple and casual. The rooms of Xiguan mansion are connected by horizontal doors. Horizontal doors are often decorated with horizontal plaques or brick carvings. Some of them are stained glass windows made of round lattice with butterfly pattern, commonly known as "butterfly windows". There are arc-shaped gray mold lines on the top of the windows, which are obviously influenced by the western culture.

Main hall: also called shenting, it is the "heart" of the whole house and the main hall. This hall has the highest ridge, the largest area, the most exquisite architectural decoration technology and the most solemn atmosphere. It is a place where big families gather, worship ancestors, decide family affairs and receive especially important guests.

Flower cover

In front of the hall near the patio, there is a lintel hanging. Guangzhou people call it a flower cover, which is the division of the hall and patio. The two sides of the lintel hang down, generally only to the height of the people, hanging to the ground is called "floor cover". From the design, materials and technology, flower cover is a very noble handicraft. Main room screen door: the craft materials are more noble than other rooms. Above the screen door is the God building. Standing in front of the hall, you have to look up a little to see the God's throne. Such a scale can reflect the financial resources and family background of the host family. The furniture here is a complete set of luxurious and sour furniture. It is the place where the oldest elders sit, while the descendants sit on both sides, with the top of the hall as the most respected. It is commonly known as "four to eight chairs".

courtyard

In the past, the patio was mostly square, especially the patio between the gate hall, sedan hall and main hall. The drain hole in the patio is often carved in the shape of gold thread, which is related to the belief that "water is wealth" in the past and also has the function of barrier.

Gate Hall

When the gate comes in, it is the hall where the gatekeeper sits and stands. There is also a door official God here to protect the safety of the family. As the saying goes: three Hall to God building. There are only two halls and one hall: sedan hall. Due to the limited space, we have abbreviated it. The typical plane of Xiguan big house is "three side pass", also known as "three Bay". The main hall is the main one, which forms an obvious central axis from the gate - the gate Officer (Hall) - the sedan chair Hall - the main hall (also known as hall or God Hall) - the head room (elder room) - the second room (dining room) - to the last two rooms (tail room). The gate hall, the sedan hall, the main hall, and each hall are made up of a golden top. Each golden top is called "Jin". Xiguan big house is made up of many "Jin". The two sides of the main room are book oriented, mainly including leaning hall, study, staircase, etc., which are basically arranged symmetrically.

Study

As a place for the master to read and teach children, it is decorated with four treasures of the study, books and antiques, which are elegant and unique. There is often a quiet and elegant small courtyard in front of it. Inside, there are all kinds of valuable flowers and trees. Most of them are planted on the 1-meter-high rotary flower base, so that the branches and leaves of the plants can be planted as soon as possible

Chinese PinYin : Li Wan Bo Wu Guan