Hailing Mangrove National Wetland Park

Guangdong Hailing Island Mangrove National Wetland Park

synonym

Hailing Island Mangrove National Wetland Park generally refers to Guangdong Hailing Island Mangrove National Wetland Park

Hailing Island Mangrove National Wetland Park is located on the Bank of Shenqian Bay, Hailing Island, Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province, with a total area of 6.08 square kilometers. It is a multi-functional ecological park with subtropical mangrove wetland as its landscape feature, ecological protection as its main function, tourism and leisure as well as popular science education as its supplement. It is one of the "eight new sceneries" of Hailing Island. In the park, there is the first sea crossing wooden stack built on the sea in the province Road, a number of viewing pavilions, as well as supporting functional facilities. From a distance, it looks like an oasis floating on the sea, reflecting the mouse mountain. The park is rich in plant resources. There are 7 kinds of mangrove species, including tung tree, Avicennia marina, Kandelia candel, 189 kinds of birds, 29 kinds of crustaceans and 25 kinds of fish. Due to the rich local shallow sea products, egrets and other seabirds often forage here. Sometimes they stop at the seaside and fly in the air. Against the backdrop of the red haze and mangroves, it presents a harmonious beauty.

On December 25, 2019, it passed the acceptance of the National Wetland Park pilot project of the State Forestry and grassland administration in 2019 and officially became the "National Wetland Park".

Location context

Hailing Island is located in the South China Sea, southwest of Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province. It is the fourth largest island in Guangdong Province. Its geographical location is 111 ° 48 ′ 06 "～ 112 ° 11 ′ 59" E and 21 ° 33 ′ 21 "～ 21 ° 40 ′ 18" n. Hailing Island is located in Guangdong, Hainan and other provinces, adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, close to the Pearl River Delta region, is a natural ecological island surrounded by the sea. The total land area of the island is 108.89 square kilometers, including 105 square kilometers of main island, 104 kilometers of regional coastline, 75.5 kilometers of main island coastline and 640 square kilometers of sea area. The proposed Guangdong Hailing Island Mangrove National Wetland Park is located in Shenqian Bay in the northeast of Hailing Island, with Linggu mountain in the west, Shenqian mountain in the East, Taifu Avenue in the South and mouse mountain in the north, including land, tidal flat, sea surface and islands. Its geographical coordinates are 111 ° 57 ′ ~ 111 ° 59 ′ E and 21 ° 38 ′ ~ 21 ° 39 ′ n, with a total planning area of 257.9 hectares.

Climate and meteorology

The climate of Hailing Island is subtropical marine monsoon climate with humid climate and abundant sunshine. The average annual temperature is 22.8 ℃, the hottest month is July and August, the average temperature is 32 ℃, the lowest month is January and February, the average temperature is 11 ℃, the average annual sunshine hours is 1700 hours, the average annual accumulated temperature is more than 8000 ℃, and the average annual sunny days are 310 days. The annual average rainfall is 1816.4mm, mainly from April to October, accounting for 90% of the annual total. The annual average wind speed is 5.0 M / s. southeast wind prevails from April to September, and northeast wind prevails from October to March. The typhoon season is from June to November, with an average of 1.3 typhoons of magnitude 8 or above and an average of 13 typhoons of magnitude 12 or above.

Historical evolution

Hailing Island has a long history. From the archaeological discoveries of hongkantou, Shagang and other sites, there were ancestors living here in the Neolithic period. Hailing Island, formerly known as Luodao, was renamed Hailing Island in memory of song Taifu after Zhang Shijie, the song Taifu, was killed in the South China Sea and buried on the island. There is another view that before the Song Dynasty, it was called Hailing Island, which means hills on the sea. According to the research, it has been six or seven hundred years since the establishment of a town on the island, which has become a haven for ships passing by on the sea to take shelter from the wind and replenish. As a result, the sluice slope has gradually developed into a famous fishing port in Guangdong. Since the Ming Dynasty, Hailing Island has been an important coastal military fortification area. Tang Xianzu, a famous dramatist of the Ming Dynasty, went to Hailing Island when he was demoted to Xuzhou, Leizhou. He wrote: "the eyebrows of the peak are like Dai, the green is like a ring, the broken mirror is blurred by the smoke, where the Pisces were last night, and the representative boats were mostly in Hailing mountain." Beautiful poems. In the early 20th century, in order to control the Xijiang River Basin and the coastal trade channel of Guangdong, Britain wanted to "rent" hailing in the form of "renting" Hong Kong. During the Anti Japanese War, the Japanese army intended to invade hailing, control the sea passage and exploit NANPENG Island tungsten mine. During the period of the Republic of China, Sun Yat Sen put forward the idea of developing Hailing as a commercial port. After liberation, Hailing Island was listed as the outpost of southern Guangdong.

On June 18, 1992, "Hailing Island Economic Development Experimental Zone" was officially established, which opened a new page in the economic development and construction of Hailing Island.

On December 25, 2019, it passed the acceptance of the National Wetland Park pilot project of the State Forestry and grassland administration in 2019 and officially became the "National Wetland Park".

Wetland resources

1. Wetland types

According to the wetland classification system of wetland classification (GB / T 24708-2009), the wetland types in the wetland park include coastal wetland and coastal wetland of natural wetland, mainly including four wetland types of shallow water, sand beach, muddy beach and mangrove, and paddy wetland of constructed wetland.

2. Biodiversity of Mangrove Wetland

(1) Land plant species and forest types

The terrestrial plants in the wetland park are mainly distributed in Mouse Island and the area outside the protective embankment. According to the survey data, there are 204 species of tall trees, shrubs, bamboo forests and weeds growing on the coast and Jiwei hilly platform in the Wetland Park, including 59 families. The arbor layer is mainly Acacia, pine, eucalyptus, banyan, Casuarina and Mangosteen; the shrub layer is mainly myrtle, Melastoma, suanpan, Jiujie and gangsong; the herb layer is mainly pearl grass, mangji, pteridophyte, reed and partridge grass.

The climate climax community in this area is subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. According to the investigation, the vegetation types of terrestrial forest are: ① Acacia formosana evergreen broad-leaved forest; ② Acacia formosana evergreen broad-leaved forest; ② herbaceous and liana.

(2) Mangrove plants and their communities: 1. Jiwei mangrove community; 2. True mangrove plants.

(3) Semi mangrove plants: there are three species of semi mangrove plants belonging to three families and three genera in the wetland park.

(4) Mangrove vegetation community types

The mangroves in the wetland park are basically distributed in belts. The appearance of the community is simple and green. It is a shrub or small arbor forest. The canopy is neat and the canopy density is good. The average tree height is 1.9 meters, and the highest section is about 5 meters high. The dominant species are Rhizophora, Kandelia candel, Aegiceras corniculatus, Avicennia marina, etc., generally 1-2 meters high. Mangrove area is nearly 25 hectares, including 15 hectares of natural forest and 10 hectares of artificial forest.

According to the investigation and analysis of relevant research data, the mangrove plant communities in the wetland park can be roughly divided into the following seven types:

① (2) Kandelia candel + tung tree + Avicennia marina community; (3) Kandelia candel + Avicennia marina community; (4) tung tree + Kandelia candel community; (5) tung tree + Avicennia marina community; (6) tung tree community; (7) Hibiscus syriacus community.

3. Zoobenthos

According to the survey data, there are 13 orders, 34 families and 66 species of Macrobenthos in the wetland park. Among them, annelids are mainly sand silkworms, which are rich in protein and are the best food for birds. There are few species of Sipunculidae, which are found in intertidal sediments. Clams, clams and snails are the main mollusks, which can provide abundant seafood. According to the measurement, there are 20 ~ 30 crabs per square meter, and a few shrimps.

4. Fish

According to the survey, there are 25 species of fish in 19 families, 4 orders in the wetland park and the surrounding shallow water. There are 11 species in 7 families of 3 orders in mangrove wetland. The fish in mangrove wetland are mainly small fish, and warm water species are dominant. It is mainly mudskipping fish with large quantity, which has become a vivid ecological landscape in mangrove area. In addition, there are also some economic fishes, such as perch, Monopterus albus, ophiocephalus Argus and eel.

5. Amphibians and reptiles

The survey of amphibians, reptiles and mammals in the mangrove wetland of the wetland park is relatively small and not systematic. Amphibians belong to 5 families, 6 genera and 6 species, all of which belong to Anura. The reptiles are mainly 5 species, 4 genera, 3 families in lizards.

6. Birds

According to the observation, there are 108 species of birds in 36 families of 12 orders in the wetland park and its surrounding areas. There are 11 species under national key protection, 27 species under Guangdong provincial key protection, 9 species in cites appendix and 61 species under national three protected. Among the birds in the region, the largest number of wetland birds are herons, waders, gulls, geese and ducks, followed by cranberries and Kingfisher. Waders, gulls, geese and ducks generally have the largest number in winter, and most of them are winter migrants.

7. Mammals

According to the survey, there are 8 species of mammals in Wetland Park and its surrounding areas, which belong to 4 orders, 4 families and 7 genera. Most of them are small mammals, with more rats and weasels

Chinese PinYin : Hai Ling Dao Hong Shu Lin Guo Jia Shi Di Gong Yuan