Yanqing view

Yanqing temple, formerly known as Chongyang temple, was built in memory of Wang Zhe, founder of Quanzhen religion. The Chongyang temple was destroyed in the Late Jin Dynasty. In the fifth year of Emperor Taizong of the Yuan Dynasty (1233 AD), the Quanzhen believers were ordered by Qiu Chuji to rebuild the Chongyang temple, which lasted for 30 years. The temple was grand in scale and magnificent. The emperor of the Yuan Dynasty named it "Longevity Palace of the Yuan Dynasty". At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, it was destroyed by fire, and only one Zhaitang was left. In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1373), it was renamed Yanqing temple. Yuhuangge Yuhuangge is the original Zhaitang in Guannei temple. Due to frequent floods, the base of the temple was silted more than three meters underground. After excavation and renovation, it was restored to its original appearance. The building has three floors. In the pavilion, there is a bronze statue of Zhenwu. In the pavilion, there is a white jade statue of the Jade Emperor, all of which are precious cultural relics. In recent years, dongdongdaofang and Sanqing hall have been newly built. In addition, there are Mongolian lion riding warriors, eight immortals drunk, wood carvings and brick carvings for people to visit.

Yanqing view

Yanqing temple, formerly known as Chongyang temple, is located in the northeast of Baogong Lake in Kaifeng City, Henan Province. It was first built in 1233, the fifth year of Emperor Taizong of the Yuan Dynasty, and was renamed Yanqing temple in the sixth year of Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty. It is a Taoist temple built in memory of Wang Zhe, the founder of Quanzhen Taoism, who preached here and died here

Together with baiyun temple in Beijing and Changdao temple in Sichuan, they are called China's three famous temples

It is now a national key cultural relic protection unit

. In 2012, it was rated as national AAA scenic spot.

Historical evolution

In 1233, the fifth year of Emperor Taizong of the Yuan Dynasty, the Quanzhen believers were ordered by Qiu Chuji to rebuild the Chongyang temple, which lasted nearly 30 years.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Yanqing temple was once "the place where baoquanju made money", then moved to caihewan, and Zhaitang was completely abandoned. In the sixth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1373), it was restored to Taoist temple, renamed Yanqing temple, and set up "Department of discipline". In 1642, yanqingguan was submerged by the Yellow River.

In 1668, Zhao Zuxing, a native of the county, advocated the restoration of the Yanqing temple with donations. This is the first restoration of the temple after it was flooded. In 1841, the Yellow River burst and Yanqing temple was flooded again. After water retreated, it was rebuilt again in 1847. In 1894 and 1908, the Taoist temple was repaired twice, which made it a little larger.

In 1927, the third police station of Henan Provincial Public Security Bureau was stationed here. Around 1930, the dongpianyuan in Guannei was occupied by residents, and other houses collapsed or demolished.

In 1955, it was occupied and expanded by Jubei factory in Gulou District.

In 1957, Kaifeng Municipal People's Committee appropriated funds for the maintenance of Yuhuang Pavilion.

In 1980, Gulou cloth rubber shoe factory began to move.

In 1984, Gulou cloth rubber shoe factory moved out completely.

geographical environment

Yanqing temple is located in the northeast of Baogong lake, Kaifeng City, Henan Province

It is adjacent to daxiangguo temple in the East, Baogong Lake in the west, Kaifeng mansion in the South and Qingming Shanghe garden in the north. It has a warm temperate continental monsoon climate. It is cold and dry in winter, dry and windy in spring, high temperature and rainy in summer, clear and crisp in autumn and four distinct seasons. The average annual temperature is 14.52 ℃, the average annual frost free period is 221 days, the average annual precipitation is 627.5mm, and the precipitation is mainly concentrated in July and August in summer.

architectural composition

Yanqing temple covers an area of 1500 square meters. The buildings in the courtyard are distributed along the middle, left and right roads. The middle road is a two-way courtyard, followed by Chuanxin hall, Yuhuang Pavilion and Sanqing hall from south to north. On the left road, there are sixty Jiazi hall, eight immortals drunk Hall corridor, etc. on the right road, there is Chongyang hall. The temple is located in the north and faces the south, retaining the distinctive features of the integration of Han culture and Mongolian culture in the song and Yuan Dynasties.

Main buildings

Jade Emperor Pavilion

Yuhuang Pavilion, also known as Tongming Pavilion, covers an area of about 76 square meters. It was built in 1233, the fifth year of Emperor Taizong of the Yuan Dynasty, and has a history of nearly 800 years. Yuhuang Pavilion, 18.25 meters high, faces south in the north. It is divided into upper, middle and lower floors. All of them are made of blue bricks, blue stones and glazed tiles. The whole building is not built with beams and timber. It is a well-designed and varied Ming Dynasty pavilion with the characteristics of yuan Dynasty and the ingenious combination of Han and Mongolian cultures

It plays an important role in the history of Taoism, architecture, art and ethnic relations in China.

The first floor (lower floor) of Yuhuang Pavilion is square, square and stable. On the top of the eaves ridge, there are five animals marking the hierarchy, namely, dragon, Phoenix, lion, horse and fish. The carving is vivid and vivid. On the one hand, it is the symbol of the five elements, gold, wood, water, fire and earth, on the other hand, it is also the embodiment of the ancient hierarchy. The second floor is an octagonal entity. This sudden change from square shape to octagonal shape is very rare in the history of ancient architecture. Around the octagonal shape, green glazed tiles are used to build continuous mountain flowers, like tall mountains. There is a dragon head on the top of each mountain. The dragon head faces inward, and an arrow handle is inserted on the back of the dragon. Ancient people believed that the five elements of the gall beak belonged to water. Putting it on the ridge of the house can eliminate the fire. The sword on its back is to decorate and reinforce the ridge. On the surface of the mountain, the main ridge is built to kiss the beast, hang the ridge, support the wind, and hang the fish. The pituitary structure is wood like column, bucket arch, and appendix to support the upper flat seat. From the appearance of the whole middle layer, the interior and exterior are not connected, the height is integrated, and the decoration of each layer is not covered. The third floor is an octagonal pavilion. On the lintel of the South Gate of the pavilion, there is a plaque with three big characters of Jade Emperor Pavilion written on it. In the pavilion, there are Chinese precious cultural relics, white jade carving of the Jade Emperor. There is no ladder to climb between the second and third floors and the bottom of the Jade Emperor Pavilion. It not only reflects the Jade Emperor's status as an immortal, but also makes people feel that the Jade Emperor is superior and unattainable, adding a sense of mystery.

Yuhuangge adopts the brick wall dome structure. The dome of Yuan Dynasty is widely used in Islamic architecture, but it is rare in Taoist architecture. Yuhuangge is an important object to study the influence of Islamic architecture form and style in western regions on Chinese architecture and the evolution of brick and stone vault architecture in Yuan and Ming Dynasties. It has a strong appearance of traditional Chinese wooden architecture and has high cultural value And scientific and artistic value.

Yuhuangge is not only the product of the ingenious combination of Han and Mongolian culture, but also of great significance to the study of the cultural art and architectural characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty. Moreover, the ancient architecture in Kaifeng area since Song Dynasty keeps the complete sequence of song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and there is no regret blank.

Sanqing Hall

Sanqing hall is the most sacred hall of Taoism, covering an area of about 53 square meters. It is dedicated to the three gods of Sanqing. In the middle, Yuqing Yuanshi Tianzun holds the aura of all things, like a fiery sun, indicating the beginning of life and symbolizing the children in the family. Therefore, if you make a wish for the children, you have to worship it. On the left side is Taiqing moral Tianzun, holding a treasure gourd. The homonym is Fu Lu Shuangzhi, who is in charge of the elders of the family. If you make a wish for your parents, you have to worship it. On the right hand side is Shangqing Lingbao Tianzun, holding Ruyi, everything goes well, everything goes well. It is a symbol of work and marriage.

Underground palace

The underground palace is located just below the Yuhuangge. It is the only underground palace style sightseeing place in Kaifeng City. The underground palace covers an area of more than 300 square meters, mainly composed of three parts: corridor, corridor and central area. Entering the underground palace and following the eight diagrams, you can see the overall lifting process of Yuhuangge, the first brick concrete cultural relic in China, and appreciate the historical changes of Yuhuangge from underground to above.

Jade carving of Jade Emperor

The original cultural relics in Yanqing temple are exquisitely carved and of high cultural value.

Mongolian lion Warrior

The Mongolian Samurai wear pointed curled felt hat, tubular boots and fur clothes with clear lines, which fully reflects the combination of Han and Mongolian culture.

Bronze statue of Xuanwu Emperor

The bronze statue of emperor Xuanwu was built in 1486, the 22nd year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty. It is 1.96 meters high and weighs one ton.

Development and protection

In 1985, the State Administration of cultural relics allocated funds to repair the Jade Emperor Pavilion and rebuild the Chuanxin hall. This repair has greatly improved the appearance of the Jade Emperor Pavilion, basically restored the original condition, and cleared out the base of the Jade Emperor Pavilion, which has been buried more than 3 meters underground for more than 750 years.

On November 21, 2008, the overall lifting project of Yuhuangge was officially implemented, and the overall height of the pavilion was increased by 3.1 meters, which completely solved the problem of groundwater erosion.

In 2011, the municipal government proposed the construction of yanqingguan (Chongyang Palace) cultural scenic area, with a planning area of 75 mu. So far, the grand scale, splendid palace and magnificent Chongyang palace will be displayed in front of the world again.

Protection level

In 1963, Yanqing temple was designated as a provincial cultural relic protection unit by the people's Government of Henan Province;

In January 1988, the State Council announced that it was upgraded to the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Status influence

Yanqing Taoist temple, together with Baiyun Taoist temple in Beijing and Changdao Taoist temple in Sichuan, are the three famous Taoist temples in China

Chinese PinYin : Yan Qing Guan