Bogda peak

--Bogda peak is the highest peak in the eastern part of Tianshan Mountains, with an altitude of 5445 meters. In a sense, Tianshan represents Xinjiang, while Bogda represents Tianshan.

--The word Bogda comes from the Mongolian pronunciation, which means "gods". It is surrounded by six peaks more than 5000 meters and dozens of peaks more than 4000 meters, which can be described as spectacular and precipitous.

--Bogda hiking route was once the first of the top ten hiking routes in Xinjiang, ranking among the 25 classic hiking routes in China.

--Although Bogda peak is not surprisingly high, its steep mountain and majestic spirit are awe inspiring. Its tall and straight body can be seen in many parts of Xinjiang.

--In order to protect the water sources of major cities in Xinjiang, the Management Committee of Tianchi in Xinjiang recently issued a document in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, forbidding organizations to hike or climb the Bogda peak.

Bogda peak

Mount Bogda is located in Fukang City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, with an altitude of 5445 meters, 88.3 degrees east longitude and 43.8 degrees north latitude. It is the highest peak in the eastern part of Tianshan Mountains. Bogda mountains is a branch of the eastern Tianshan Mountains, extending from Urumqi fault zone to Balikun, with a total length of more than 300 kilometers.

On August 4, 1998, the Chinese first set foot on Bogda peak, the highest peak in the eastern part of the Tianshan Mountains

. It was an amateur mountaineering team from Urumqi that accomplished this feat. Bogda means "Shenshan", "Shengshan" and "Lingshan" in Mongolian. It was a nomadic belt of Heshuote tribe in Moxi Mongolia in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Historical evolution

Among the main peaks of Tianshan Mountain, Bogda is not the highest, and its altitude can only rank third. However, its reputation is far above the other peaks. For a long time, Bogda has been regarded as the most sacred mountain in the minds of the western nationalities. It has been worshipped as the house of gods and the source of purple. Bogda comes from Mongolian, which means "God". As early as ancient times, some nomadic people in the western regions had the custom of worshiping famous mountains. Because Bogda mountain is very high and steep, it is known as "holy mountain" and "Zufeng" by these people. When riders see it, they dismount and when walkers see it, they kowtow. Even officials have to stop to worship when they pass by. There is a folk story called "shale hasaman" which describes this aspect. The story says that herdsmen call Bogda mountain "sage", and regard the stones on Bogda mountain as the stones used by saints. They are invincible to use the stones as weapons to attack the enemy. Thus we can see the position of bog mountain in the hearts of the ancient western regions.

After the Yuan Dynasty, Bogda was gradually painted with Taoist mythology, which may be related to the Taoist master Qiu Chuji's westward journey. In 1219, at the command of Genghis Khan, Emperor Taizu of the Yuan Dynasty, Qiu Ji led 18 disciples to travel westward from Dengzhou, Shandong Province, to Yanjing, Juyongguan, north to the krulun River, West to the Altay Mountains, then through the Junggar basin to Sailimu Lake, and westward to Samarkand, Central Asia. It took him three years to travel more than 10000 kilometers, It laid a foundation for the development of Taoism in the West. It is said that the Tiewa temple in Tianchi was built by Qiu Chuji's disciples when he passed Fukang. His poem "suluntai looking at Yinshan in the Southeast" was written at this time (this is also the witness of Qiu Chuji's activities here). In some Taoist classics, Bogda mountain has always been regarded as the residence of Queen Mother of the west, so Bogda naturally became the holy mountain of Taoism. In the Qing Dynasty, it became a holy land of Taoism. In 1759, the Qing government sent ministers from Urumqi to mount Bogda to worship, and promulgated the bogda'ela memorial ceremony. From then on, the government organized large-scale worship activities every year. This adds to Bogda's mystique.

geographical environment

Bogda peak is surrounded by Junggar Basin in the north and Turpan Basin across Dabancheng Valley in the south. The climate here is mainly affected by the northwest high air. Because it is located in the hinterland of the Asian continent, the climate characteristics are very obvious. The foothills are hot; the middle and high mountain areas are humid and cold. The four seasons are not very clear. January is the coldest, with the monthly average temperature of 16 ~ 19 ℃; July is the highest, with the monthly average temperature of 10 ~ 12 ℃. The annual precipitation is less than 200 mm, and the north slope is more than the south slope. A large amount of precipitation is concentrated in July and August in summer, accounting for 2 / 3 of the annual precipitation. The snow cover period is from late September to the end of May of the next year. The thickness of snow can reach 65cm, so it is not suitable to enter the mountain. The annual average wind speed is 2.7-2.9 M / s. within one day, the wind speed and cloud cover increase in the afternoon, and the weather becomes worse. In short, every year from June to August is the period of mountaineering activities. According to years of climbing experience, the best time for mountaineering is from mid July to August 10.

Bogda mountain, like its parent Tianshan Mountain, is one of the youngest mountains in the world. It first emerged in the sea during the orogenic movement 300 million years ago, and it did not stand out until the Himalayan orogeny 60000 or 70000 years ago. The main peak of Bogda mountain is in the south of Tianchi Lake. The top three peaks stand side by side in the shape of "mountain". The middle peak is slightly higher, with an altitude of 5445 meters, and the East peak is 5287 meters. Looking at the three peaks from afar, standing on a vast sea of snow, like three giants holding the sun, they are brave and brave, which makes people feel a lot. Therefore, this beautiful scenery, which is known as the three peaks of the snow sea by the world, has been praised by the literati of all ages and has written a lot of praise poems. Qiu Chuji, a real person from Changchun, praised in his poem "suluntai looks at Yinshan in the Southeast" that "the three peaks rise together, the clouds are cold, and the four walls are surrounded by streams." Song Bolu, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, praised that "the three peaks are absolutely close to each other, and they are always in the dark.". Wang Shunan, the editor of Xinjiang atlas, vividly describes the height and grandeur of the three peaks. The poem says, "the southern mountains stretch out their arms to the sky, and the western regions hold up their heads to the sun.". From here we can appreciate the wonder of the three peaks.

Bogda is famous for his marvelous and dangerous works. The three peaks stand upright in the sky, covered with silver and plain clothes, and his spirit is extraordinary. Under the three peaks, there are thousands of peaks, thousands of valleys and charming scenery. As far as the eye can see, it is full of primeval forest and meadow grassland, green and picturesque. Climbing Bogda mountain, you can see the scenery of four seasons in one day. In July and August, the valley bottom is in the middle of summer. The mountain flowers are in full bloom and the fragrance is wild, but it's a little bit hot. When you get to the middle of the mountain, the summer will disappear, and you will feel the spring is full of vitality. The grass is like a carpet, and all life is bursting with vitality. When you go up again, you will gradually feel cool, and the grass is not as green as before, but begins to become yellow and withering It's a feeling of autumn. When it comes to the snow line, you will feel the cold. You can't bear to look up at the white snow. This snow line is supposed to be the forbidden area of life, but there are many exotic snow mountain flowers growing here, such as Saussurea involucrata, Papaver nudiflora, delphinium, Trollius chinensis, Jinjiao, thyme, and meihuacao. Their seeds can germinate at zero degree, and their seedlings can withstand the severe cold of - 30 ℃. Although they only grow for two months a year. But they still use the passion of life to send out gorgeous flowers, to decorate the lonely snow. It's a miracle of life.

From the border between China and Kazakhstan to the East, the Northern Tianshan Mountains are alatao mountain, boluokonu mountain, Awulale mountain, yilianhabirga mountain, karawucheng mountain and Bogda mountain

, Barkol mountain and karlik mountain. The main mountains in the area are borokonu mountain, yilianhabirga mountain, Bogda mountain and other high mountains. The western part of the mountain is more than 4000 meters above sea level. Mount yilianhabirga is the junction of mountains, with an altitude of 5289 meters. The height of the mountains in the East is gradually lower, with the exception of Bogda mountain, which is more than 4000 meters above sea level, most of the others are below 4000 meters. Therefore, there is a large area of Glacial Snow Cover in the western mountain, and there is glacial snow cover near the main peak in the eastern. The famous Bogda peak is 5445 meters above sea level. It goes straight into the sky and is covered with ice and snow all the year round. It has a silver helmet and jade armour and is magnificent.

climatic conditions

The climate here is mainly affected by the northwest high-altitude airflow. Because it is located in the hinterland of the Asian continent, the climate characteristics are very obvious. The piedmont plain is dry and hot, and the middle and high mountain areas are humid and cold. The four seasons are not very clear. January is the coldest month with an average temperature of - 16 ° C to - 19 ° C; July is the highest with an average temperature of 10 ° C to 12 ° C. The annual precipitation is less than 200 mm, and the north slope is more than the south slope. A large amount of precipitation is concentrated in July and August in summer, accounting for 2 / 3 of the annual precipitation. The snow cover period is from late September to the end of May next year, and the thickness of snow can reach 65cm, so it is not suitable to enter the mountain. The annual average wind speed is 7.7 to 7.9 M / s. within one day, the wind speed and cloud cover increase in the afternoon, and the weather becomes worse. In short, the best time for mountaineering is from June to August every year.

Biological resources

Bogda mountain has beautiful peaks and beautiful scenery. There are primeval forests and picturesque mountain meadows. There are snow leopards and snow chickens around the snow line. From time to time, red deer whine in the deep forest, with roe deer, brown bear, lynx and blue sheep looming. On the grassland, the mountain flowers are brilliant and colorful, and the wild Chinese herbal medicines such as Fritillaria, dangshen, Lithospermum, astragalus, bupleurum and so on, cluster by cluster, with strong medicinal atmosphere. Bogda mountain contains abundant resources

Chinese PinYin : Bo Ge Da Feng