Ma Bufang residence

Ma Bufang mansion is the most complete preserved building in Qinghai Province during the period of the Republic of China. It is also the only official residence built with jade in China. At that time, it cost 30 million ocean. It was the private residence of Ma Bufang, the most powerful frontier official in the Northwest during the period of the Republic of China. It was named "Xinlu". The mansion is composed of courtyard, hall, house and small garden. The important hall and house are connected by secret ways. It is said that the master loves jade very much. The walls of many rooms and even the servants' rooms are inlaid with jade. The furnishings of the courtyard are mixed with Chinese and Western furnishings, which are placed completely according to the original furnishings. The ink treasures of many celebrities also reflect the master's mood.

Ma Bufang residence

Ma Bufang residence is located in Chengdong District, Xining City, Qinghai Province. It was built in June 1942 (31 years of the Republic of China) and cost 30 million yuan. It was built in June of the next year. It is the private residence of Ma Bufang, a warlord of the Republic of China. It is named "Xinlu". The walls of many buildings in Ma mansion are inlaid with jade, so it is also called "jade mansion". The residence is composed of several courtyards and different forms of houses and gardens. The houses in each courtyard are arranged orderly and the structure is rigorous, forming a unified and harmonious whole.

"Mabufang mansion" is the most complete preserved building in Qinghai Province during the period of the Republic of China. It is also the only official residence built with jade in China. It has high historical and cultural value and strong local ethnic cultural characteristics. In 1986, it was designated as a provincial key cultural protection unit by the people's Government of Qinghai Province.

The remaining courtyard of the "residence" covers an area of nearly 30000 square meters, with a construction area of more than 6800 square meters. There are 298 houses, which are composed of seven independent and connected courtyards, namely, the front courtyard, the middle courtyard, the South courtyard, the West No.1 courtyard, the West No.2 courtyard, the West No.3 courtyard, and the back garden. All the courtyards and the important halls and houses are connected by secret passages. The design of the courtyard is exquisite, and the architecture is simple and elegant The deep, solemn and mysterious atmosphere of the old house. The scenic spot has been rated as national AAAA scenic spot in 2007. In December 2016, the scenic spot was delisted.

architectural composition

forecourt

The first is the front yard, which is the courtyard for office and guests. There are jade hall, VIP Hall and East and West Hall in this courtyard. In the middle of the yard, there is a 1942 American Hummer jeep.

The VIP Hall, also known as the north room, is a place for minority guests. It covers an area of 139 square meters and consists of the middle hall and the left and right wing rooms. The left wing room is carpeted with a row of low square tables in the middle. In the right chamber, there is a square fireplace imitating Russian style. The fireplace surface is inlaid with jade and decorated with decorative patterns. It is exquisite and unique. There are also two couplets in the right wing room, one of which is Jiang Zhongzheng's: the flowers are covered with water along the stream, and several bizang buildings are in the deep. One is Ji Xiaolan's original work, recording Yao buying's plum poems: light as autumn chrysanthemum, why not thin, clear as plum blossom, not afraid of cold.

The jade hall is named after its inner and outer walls are made of jade, covering an area of 96 square meters. The jade used in the hall and other buildings of the residence is produced in Xinghai, Huzhu and other places in Qinghai Province. The local people call it "sheep brain stone". Its hardness is not high, but its texture is exquisite. It is elegant and beautiful to decorate houses with building materials. The jade hall is the living room of the residence, which is used to receive distinguished guests. When you enter the jade hall, you are faced with old-fashioned tables and chairs. On the wall are many old photos of that year, as well as a portrait of Sun Yat Sen and the party flag of the Chinese Kuomintang.

Main courtyard

The second courtyard is the main courtyard, where Ma Bufang lived and worked. This is the political and military center of Qinghai Province. In this courtyard are ma Bufang's living room, his son Ma Jiyuan's living room, Ma Jiyuan's wife Zhang xunfen's small building, adjutants, staff building, North conference hall and South reception hall.

In the middle of the courtyard stands a piece of marble, on which is the word "Xinlu" inscribed by Lin Sen, the chairman of the national government of that year. The meaning of "Xinlu" is "Xin" in the phrase "only my Dexin" of Liu Yuxi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. Under the word "Xin" is Xiang, which coincides with the name "Zixiang, Shaoxiang" of Ma family and his son. The meaning of "Xinlu" is "Nanyang zhugelu" in "humble chamber inscription" "Lu".

The north and South rooms in the main courtyard and the small building in the northeast corner are guest rooms. To the south is the jade palace, where jade is displayed and sold. In front of the door is a grand chair carved from the roots of hundreds of years old trees. It means that the roots are hundreds of years old, adding longevity and happiness. People often sit on it.

Women's house

The third courtyard is the women's family building, also known as the south building courtyard. It is the accommodation for female guests and some maids. It is located in the southwest corner of the residence complex. It has a garden in the south, and is connected with the kitchen and the Chamberlain in the north. It is a Chinese style two-story courtyard with classical cloister wood structure. The maids live on the first floor, and the maids live on the second floor.

When the government built it in 2004, it turned the courtyard into a folk custom museum of Qinghai Province. Here, visitors can learn about the regional characteristics and customs of Qinghai through the exhibits and scenes of ethnic costumes, crowns and shoes, food and daily life, folk crafts and social customs of Han, Tibetan, Mongolian, salar, Hui and Tu people living in Qinghai.

Accessory yard

The fourth courtyard is a small garden, and the big house and the small house are also in this courtyard.

The fifth courtyard is the residence of Ma Bufang's trusted security forces, known as the "guard building". There are also ancient oil mills and water mills in the yard.

The sixth yard is the place where servants and Coachmans live. Now it is opened up as a new shopping and dining place for tourists.

In 2004, the mansion was restored and opened up as the only tourist attraction of cultural relics in Xining city. Here, tourists can learn about the history of Qinghai in recent 100 years and the living conditions of Ma Bufang and his family in Qinghai.

Practical information

delicious food

Mutton, delicious, and sausages (recommended to eat fried), with green pepper and delicious seasoning, a pot will smell delicious! There are pasta, (Xining's pasta snacks are very good, gluten Road, a piece of very small, like the thumb nail cover so big, easy to eat and enjoy) can eat soup noodles, you can also eat fried noodles.

shopping

There are beef jerky, Cordyceps sinensis, pilose antler, ginseng fruit, Xining rhubarb, and so on. There are a wide range of handicrafts, including carpets, woolens, blankets, butter, and so on.

Traffic information

Take bus No.3, No.7, No.17, No.26, No.27, No.109 to the provincial hospital station, and walk 200 meters south along Weimin lane.

Character background

Ma Bufang was an important historical figure in the history of the Republic of China. He was the most powerful, the most influential and the highest ranking frontier official among the local people in Northwest China during the period of the Republic of China. Ma Bufang was only 12 years old and served as the major's staff officer of the garrison of Ninghai, Gansu Province. He had no special school education and could only read the telegrams roughly. He had a strong sense of self-esteem, was fond of great achievements, and had a strong sense of centralization. Abide by Islamic rules and worship on time.

Ma Bufang (1901-1975) was the chief of the northwest military and political office of the national government of the Republic of China. The word Zixiang. Gansu Hezhou (now Linxia city) people, Hui people. In his early years, he joined the Ninghai officer training regiment, and after graduation, he served as an adjunct and commander of the Ninghai patrol barracks. After 1928, he served as deputy brigade commander, brigade commander and division commander. In January 1932, he was also a member of the Qinghai provincial government, and he was also the garrison commander of the southern Qinghai border region. Since 1934, he has successively served as the commander of the new second army and 100th division of the army, the director of the Security Department of Qinghai Province, the acting chairman of Qinghai provincial government, and the commander of the fifth column of the northwest "bandit suppression" first route army. During this period, troops were sent to "encircle and suppress" the West Route Army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army. After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, he served as commander of the 82nd army and sent troops to participate in the war.

At the same time, Ma Bufang encircled and suppressed the West Route Army which went north to resist Japan according to Chiang Kai Shek's instructions, and Dong Zhentang, the hero of Xinhe County in Xingtai City, was killed by Ma's army. At that time, Dong Zhentang was the commander of the Fifth Army of the West Route Army. In January 1937, he was surrounded by more than 20000 horsemen by Ma Bufang in Gaotai County, Gansu Province. Dong Zhentang and more than 3000 soldiers died in martyrdom. Without humanity, Ma Bufang hanged Dong Zhentang's head with two ears tied with wire on the wall for public display. Almost all of the 21800 soldiers of the West Route Army of the Red Army were buried in Ma Bufang's hands, and only 800 soldiers finally broke through to Xinjiang.

Ma Bufang ruled Qinghai for more than 40 years before liberation and was known as the "king of the northwest". In order to control the northwest, he took refuge with the Kuomintang, colluded with Chiang Kai Shek, cruelly poisoned and buried tens of thousands of people in the Communist Party's West army, tried his best to search for the fat and cream of the Tibetan and Hui people, occupied countless women, and committed heinous crimes. In Xining, Ma Bufang has several residences. The one in Weimin lane is the largest. The houses inside are all built with jade and stone, which are the evidence of his plundering of people's property. On the eve of the liberation of Qinghai, when the Ma family fled, they took more than 20000 taels of gold alone, as well as a large number of silver, pearls and other valuables. Just at the time of liberation, the eating bowl made of "human skull" was found in his residence.

In March 1938, he served as the chairman of Qinghai provincial government until 1949. He served as commander in chief of the 40th group army in 1943 and was elected a member of the 6th central supervisory committee of the Kuomintang in May 1945. In May 1949, he acted as the chief of the northwest military and political officer's office. In July, he formally took office and actively participated in the anti Communist civil war.

In late September 1949, Ma Bufang, Ma Buqing

Chinese PinYin : Ma Bu Fang Gong Guan