Temple of Heaven Park

Temple of heaven, world cultural heritage, national key cultural relics protection unit, national AAAAA scenic spot, national civilized scenic spot demonstration site. Temple of heaven, in the south of Beijing, east of yongdingmennei street, Dongcheng District. It covers an area of about 2.73 million square meters. The temple of heaven was first built in the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1420). It was rebuilt during the reign of Emperor Qianlong and Emperor Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty. It was a place for the emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties to offer sacrifices to the emperor and pray for abundant grain. The temple of heaven is the general name of the two altars of Yuanqiu and Qigu. It has two walls, forming the inner and outer altars. The wall is round in the South and North, symbolizing the round heaven and place. The main building is the inner altar. The round hill altar is in the South and the valley praying altar is in the north. The two altars are on the same north-south axis, separated by walls in the middle. The main buildings in the Circular Mound Altar are the Circular Mound Altar, the imperial vault and so on. The main buildings in the valley praying altar are the hall of praying for new year, the hall of emperor Qian, the gate of praying for new year and so on. According to the news on July 12, 2018, the open area of Tiantan Park will be increased by another 2.24 hectares. In September 2018, the daily maximum carrying capacity of the park will be reduced from 58000 to 50000.

Round hill altar

Yuanqiu altar is the place where the winter solstice ceremony is held. The main buildings are Yuanqiu, huangqiong and auxiliary hall, Shenchu, sanku and Zaiyu Pavilion, and the auxiliary buildings are the platform with clothes and the lantern. In the Ming Dynasty, Yuanqiu was a three-layer blue glazed round altar, which was expanded in 1749. The blue glazed altar was replaced by AI Ye Qingshi mesa, white jade pillars and columns. Round mound shaped round elephant sky, three-tier altar system, 5.17 meters high, the lower diameter of 54.92 meters, the upper diameter of 23.65 meters, each layer of four steps out of each nine. The center of the upper layer is a round stone, with nine circles of fan-shaped stones on the outside and nine pieces on the inner ring, which extend outward in turn by the multiple of nine. The fence and pillar also use the multiple of nine to symbolize the number of "heaven".

The number of stone slabs, barriers and steps on the platform of circular mound is odd nine or multiple of nine. For example, the top stone slab starts from the center round stone of the upper layer, with nine pieces in the first circle and 18 pieces in the second circle, and increases by a multiple of nine from each circle around to the bottom layer. The same is true of the number of white marble railings in each layer. The burnt firewood stove is located in the southeast of the outer wall and the inner wall of the Circular Mound Altar. It faces north from the south. It is cylindrical and made of green glazed bricks. It has nine steps on each side of the East and southwest. The burnt firewood stove is used to burn the things offered to the emperor during the winter solstice ceremony.

Imperial vault

The imperial vault courtyard is located in the north of the outer wall of the circular dome altar, facing south. It has a circular wall and three glazed doors in the south. The main buildings are the imperial vault and the East and west side halls. It is a place for worshiping the shrine of the circular dome altar. The imperial vault is supported by 16 columns, eight eaves columns in the outer layer and eight gold columns in the middle. On the two layers of columns, a common gold sliding arch is set to support the ceiling and caisson on the arch. The hall is full of colorful paintings of dragons, phoenixes and seals. The ceiling pattern is gilded with two dragons playing with pearls, and the caisson is golden dragon caisson. The span of the bucket arch and caisson in the imperial palace is unique in ancient Chinese architecture. The Imperial Palace, Xieshan palace roof, blue glazed tile roof, front stage six, decorated with spiral color painting, exquisite shape. The East Hall is dedicated to the God of the Ming Dynasty (the sun), the Big Dipper, the five stars of gold, wood, water, fire and earth, and the stars of the sky. The West Hall is dedicated to the God of the night (the moon), the gods of cloud, rain, wind and thunder. Yonglu road in front of huangqiongyu hall is counted from the north, and the first three stone slabs are called "sanyinshi". When you stand on the first stone, you can only hear one echo; when you stand on the second stone, you can hear two echoes; when you stand on the third stone, you can hear three continuous echoes. This is why these three stone slabs are called sanyinshi, and some people specially call the third stone slab sanyinshi.

The circular wall around the imperial vault courtyard is about 3.72 meters high and 0.9 meters thick. The wall body is made of Shandong Linqing bricks, and the blue glazed tube tile top is the famous "echo wall". The walls of the round courtyard of the imperial dome naturally form a sound wave refractor. The wall structure is very close because of the bricklaying method. The surface diameter of the wall is 651 meters, and the height of the wall is 3.27 meters. When people stand at the back of the East and west side halls, close to the wall and speak softly, they can hear each other's voice very clearly although they are far away from each other. This is because the circle is very smooth and refracts sound waves.

Grain praying altar

It was built in 1420, the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty. The main buildings are the hall of praying for the new year, Huangqian hall, the East and west side hall, the gate of praying for the new year, the divine kitchen, the slaughter Pavilion, and the corridor. The subsidiary buildings are the inner and outer walls, the platform for holding costumes, and the Danbi bridge. The inner altar wall has the heavenly gate in the southeast and northwest, the outer altar wall in the West has the gate of praying for the new year, and the inner altar wall has the seven star stone in the East. The altar of grain praying altar is a circular building combining altar and hall, which was built according to the ancient saying of "offering sacrifices to the emperor under the house". The altar has three layers, 5.6 meters high, 91 meters in diameter in the lower layer, 80 meters in diameter in the middle layer, and 68 meters in diameter in the upper layer; the hall is round, 38 meters high, 32.7 meters in diameter, with triple blue glazed tiles, round eaves, cusp and gilt top.

Huangqian Hall

Huangqian hall, located in the north of the hall of praying for new year, is a rectangular courtyard surrounded by the wall of praying for new year. It is connected with the altar by three glazed doors.

This is a veranda style hall, covered with blue glazed tiles, with a platform base of white marble railings. It is a temple dedicated to the "Emperor God" and the God version of the emperor's ancestors. The sacred tablets are all worshipped in niches shaped like houses. On the first and fifteenth day of the lunar calendar, the government office in charge of sacrificial ceremonies regularly sends officials to sweep the dust and offer incense. The day before the sacrifice, the emperor came here to offer incense. After the ceremony, the Minister of rites offered incense and made three kneeling and nine kowtow ceremonies. Then the Taichang Temple minister led officials to respectfully invite the God card to the Dragon Pavilion and place it in the Dragon Pavilion. From luanyiwei's sample Er, it was carried to the corresponding God positions in the Qinian hall and sacrificed. It was the main hall for offering sacrifices to the right and coordinated God plates in the Qigu altar.

72 company rooms

There are 72 corridors outside the east gate of the inner wall on the east side of the hall of praying for new year. It is a warm house with eaves and ridges. It is bricked in the north and equipped with large windows and doors in the south. It is commonly known as "seventy-two houses". To the north of the central part of the corridor, there are five "God Storehouses" for collecting sacrificial articles. The west side of "shenku" is "Shenchu", which is used to make food and cakes when worshipping heaven. The ceremonial kitchen, the God storehouse and the slaughter Pavilion of the altar are connected with the altar by a long corridor. The corridor from the East brick gate to the slaughter Pavilion in the northeast is in the shape of a curved ruler, with a total of 72 rooms, corresponding to the 36 pillars of the hall of praying for new year, symbolizing 72 Disha.

the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest

Supported by 28 Phoebe columns, the columns are arranged in a circle, with 4 "Longjing columns" in the middle, 19.2 meters high and 1.2 meters in diameter, supporting the upper eaves; 12 gold columns in the middle support the second eaves, with exquisite patterns painted on the vermilion primer by the method of gilding; 12 eaves columns in the periphery support the third eaves; correspondingly, three floors of ceiling are set, with Longfeng caisson in the middle; and the inner beam of the hall Fangshi dragon and Phoenix and seal painting. The four "Longjing pillars" in the middle of the hall symbolize the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter of the year; the twelve large pillars in the middle layer are slightly thinner than the Longjing pillars, which are called golden pillars, symbolizing the 12 months of the year; the twelve pillars in the outer layer are called eaves pillars, symbolizing the 12 hours of the day. There are 24 columns on the two floors, symbolizing 24 solar terms.

Danbi Bridge

It is the corridor connecting the South brick gate of qigutan and its south Tianmen (chengzhenmen), and the axis connecting Qitan and Yuanqiu altar. It is 360 meters long and 30 meters wide. There are three stone roads on the Danbi bridge, the middle one is Shinto, the East Royal Road, the West Royal Road, which is high in the north and low in the south. The north end is 4 meters high and the south end is 1 meter high.

Zhai Palace

It is the place where the emperor fasted before the ceremony of offering sacrifices to heaven. It is located in the southwest corner of the inner altar of Qigu altar. There are special buildings for etiquette, residence, service and security, such as Wuliang hall, dormitory hall, bell tower, guard room and patrol corridor. They are all built with green glazed tiles and protected by two palace walls and two imperial ditches. Zhaigong is a representative work of ancient Chinese architecture for offering sacrifices and fasting with rigorous layout and elegant environment. Wuliang hall is the main hall of Zhai palace, with green glazed tile roof, brick certificate vault inside, platform in front of the hall, stone railing, three steps, 13 steps, 15 steps left and right. Wuliang hall is a place for the emperor to fast during the day. The furnishings in the hall are simple. The plaque "Qin Ruo Hao Tian" hung in the Ming Dynasty is written by Emperor Qianlong, which expresses the emperor's piety to the emperor.

South kitchen

It is located in the east of Yuanqiu, with the north facing south and the courtyard opening to the south. The main buildings are God storehouse, God kitchen and well Pavilion. It is the place where all kinds of sacrifices are made before the winter solstice ceremony. Outside the courtyard, there was a walking animal Road connected with the East Lingxing gate of Yuanqiu, and a temporary walking animal shed was set up to transport sacrifices. The architecture is regular and solemn, and it is one of the only remaining sacred chefs in Chinese sacrificial architecture.

National music agency

Located in the West outer Temple of the temple of heaven, it is one of the buildings of the temple of heaven. It is a place for ritual and music exercises in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is known as the highest institution of ritual and music in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was first seen in 1420, the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty. It was initially called Shenyue temple. There are many temples and beautiful environment in the temple. There are tea shops and medicine shops, also known as temple of heaven Taoist temple. In the eighth year of Qianlong (1743) of the Qing Dynasty, the concept of Shenyue was changed to shenlesuo. In the 19th year of Qianlong (1754), it was named shenyueshu. The main hall of the temple of heaven's music department was originally a hall for sacrificial rites and music exercises in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is an ancient building with single eaves on the top of Xieshan mountain. It sits West to East, with six Ying and five bays, and east-west through hall doors. The hall covers an area of 600 square meters. At present, it is opened up as the "Zhonghe Shao music" exhibition area to hold ancient sacrificial music and dance performances, as well as the main exhibition hall of Zhonghe Shao musical instrument bells and chimes.

In the former Temple of Heaven Park, there is a Tushan located in the southwest of qigutan and the west side of Danbi bridge, which has caused great damage to the overall landscape of the temple of heaven. 1990 municipal government

Chinese PinYin : Tian Tan Gong Yuan