Zhongnan Mountain

Zhongnan Mountain

Zhongnanshan, also known as Taiyi mountain, Difei mountain, Zhongnanshan mountain and zhounanshan mountain, is located in the middle of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, south of the ancient city Chang'an (Xi'an), the birthplace of such allusions as "Shoubi Nanshan Mountain" and "Zhongnan shortcut". It is an important geographical indication of China.

Zhongnan mountain is located in the main part of the collision and amalgamation of the north and South continental plates in China. It is the natural dividing line of geology, geography, ecology, climate, environment and even humanity between the north and the south of China. It starts from Yangjiapu, the easternmost end of Lantian County in Xi'an City, in the East, and ends at Nanliang ridge of Taibai Mountain, the main peak of Qinling Mountains, in the west of Zhouzhi County, between 107 ° 37 ′ - 109 ° 49 ′ E and 33 ° 41 ′ - 34 ° 22 ′ n, It is about 230 kilometers long from east to west, 55 kilometers wide and 15 kilometers narrow, with a total area of about 4851 square kilometers. Across Lantian County, Chang'an District, Fuyi District, Zhouzhi County and other counties and districts, stretching more than 200 kilometers.

Zhongnan mountain is a national AAAA tourist attraction, National Forest Park and National Nature Reserve.

On August 23, 2009, the Zhongnanshan mountain of Qinling Mountains was officially selected as the World Geopark by UNESCO.

geographical environment

Location context

Zhongnan mountain is located in the middle part of Qinling Mountains, between 107 ° 37 ′ - 109 ° 49 ′ E and 33 ° 41 ′ - 34 ° 22 ′ n, 25 km away from Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, with a total area of 4851 square kilometers.

topographic features

Zhongnan mountain is a section of Qinling Mountains, starting from baojimei County in the West and Lantian County in Xi'an in the East. The main peak is located in Chang'an District, 2604 meters above sea level.

Zhongnan mountain has a dangerous terrain and rugged roads. There are five big valleys and hundreds of small ones, stretching for hundreds of miles. Zuozhuan called Zhongnanshan "the danger of Jiuzhou", and Shiji recorded that Qinling was "the resistance of the world". According to the annals of Chang'an County written by the people of Song Dynasty, "Zhongnan lies in the south of Guanzhong. It starts from Qinlong in the West and ends at Lantian in the East. It is 800 li away. In the past, when people said that the mountain was big, it was as big as Zhongnan."

Qinling Mountains Zhongnan mountain is a typical composite continental orogenic belt in the world. It is the main combination belt forming the unified Chinese mainland. It is a main belt of integration, which is located in the central part of China. It has become the natural geological, geographical, ecological, climatic, environmental and even natural dividing line of human nature in South and North China. Because of its representativeness, it has long been concerned by scholars at home and abroad.

Zhongnanshan mountain is a typical continental orogenic belt in the world with profound scientific connotation, numerous typical relics, long history of geological evolution, strong and complex structure, well-developed strata and rocks, frequent magmatic activities, diverse metamorphic types and rich mineral resources. In particular, it is one of the best preserved scientific relics of collision and amalgamation of the north and South continental plates in China, and the northern piedmont fault of Qinling Mountains is a typical junction area of orogenic belt and rift basin.

The general geomorphic features are: North facing south, big mountains and deep gullies, alternating mountains with valleys and platforms. The main geomorphic units include piedmont alluvial deposits, alluvial fan groups, loess tableland, Horst fault block mountain (Lishan), loess hills eroded by flowing water, fluctuating mountains eroded by flowing water, and fluctuating mountains eroded by ancient glaciation.

climate

Zhongnanshan is a warm temperate semi warm monsoon climate with four distinct seasons of cold, warm, dry and wet, and an annual frost free period of 226 days. The average temperature in January is 0.4 ℃, the average temperature in July is 26.6 ℃, and the annual average temperature is 13.3 ℃. The annual average precipitation is 613.7mm and the annual average humidity is 69.6%. With the increase of altitude, the temperature decreases gradually. For every 100 meters increase in average altitude, the temperature decreases by about 0.6 ℃.

hydrology

Zhongnan is rich in landscape resources, with water resources of about 40 × 108 cubic meters, accounting for 51% of the total surface water resources in Guanzhong. It is the main source of water supply for Weihe River. There are 28 rivers such as Heihe River, Laohe River and Fenghe River in the park, and 30 medium-sized reservoirs.

natural resources

overview

It is the northern boundary of evergreen broad-leaved trees and subtropical plants. It is also the transition area of the two flora of the Middle Eastern Ocean and Palaearctic, and the intersection area of the flora of North China, central China, tanggute and Hengduan Mountains.

Zhongnanshan is an important biological gene bank in the warm temperate zone of East Asia. There are some rare animals and plants in the park, such as giant panda, crested ibis, golden monkey, golden takin and one leaf grass

. Among them, there are 780 kinds of plants and 30 kinds of wild animals in Wangshun mountain of Lantian section.

Taiyi mountain, the main peak of Zhongnan mountain, is rich in medicinal materials. It is known as the "Kingdom of herbal medicine". Up to now, the ballad of "Taiyi mountain is full of treasures, you don't have to worry if you are sick, go up to the mountain and pull the grass" has been sung in the local area. Taiyi mountain black paste is produced here.

Animal resources

The animal animal Chinese mainland China is divided into two parts: the Palaearctic and the Oriental. The 2012 distinct species of animal species meet here. By the end of 2012, 36 species, 100 families and 643 species of wild animals were found in the Nanshan Mountain. Among them, 7 species, 23 families and 144 species were found in mammals. There are 62 species of rare and endangered animals. Qinling mountain is also a refuge for many ancient and relict creatures. There are many types of rare and endemic species. 128 species of animals and 56 species of plants have been listed in the national and provincial key protection objects, such as the ancient relic wild animals (giant panda, red panda, etc.) with biological scientific value. The red panda of the family ailuropodaceae is the only representative species of this family in the eastern hemisphere, belonging to the tertiary remnant animals . There are 77 species of amphibians and reptiles in the park. The most representative is giant salamander (commonly known as giant salamander). Giant salamander is a specialty of China and the largest tailed amphibian. In addition, Heihe fine scale salmon, a unique local fish, is also distributed in the park. Zhongnanshan Geopark in Qinling Mountains is known as "China natural zoo" and "Asia natural botanical garden" because of its unique climate and geological conditions, rich animal and plant resources and various species.

plant resources

The floristic composition of Zhongnanshan mountain is transitional, mixed and complex. The floristic composition of Zhongnanshan mountain is mainly North China, and the floristic composition of central China, West China and Qinghai Tibet Plateau. As of 2012, there are 2931 species of seed plants belonging to 671 genera and 122 families, 37 global single species and genera, 60 rare species and genera, 23 Chinese endemic genera, 120 ferns and 253 mosses. There are 29 species of wild rare plants which are listed as national and provincial key protection, about 600 species of ornamental plants which can be used for landscaping, and about 800 species of medicinal plants. Due to the three-dimensional difference of climate, the distribution of plants also forms the corresponding vertical band spectrum. From the bottom to the top, there are four landscape forest belts with clear boundaries and distinct colors. They are deciduous oak forest belt (780-2300m above sea level), the dominant species are Quercus variabilis, Quercus acuteserrata, Quercus liaotungensis, etc.; birch forest belt (2300-2800m above sea level), the dominant species are Betula platyphylla and Betula pubescens, etc; In coniferous forest belt (2800-3400m above sea level), the dominant species are Abies fargesii and Larix Taibai; in alpine shrub meadow belt (3400-3767m above sea level), the dominant species are Rhododendron capitatum, Spiraea alpina and Salix babylonica.

mineral resources

Zhongnanshan is one of the largest gold mining bases in China. From JINDUICHENG in Xiaoqinling to Luanshan Dabieshan, there are the largest molybdenum resources in the world. In addition, there are a large number of other metal and non-metal minerals, building materials and stone materials. From ancient times, until the Han, Tang, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the mining of Qinling mineral run through the whole history of Chinese social development.

famous scenery

Shangshan pool

There are four main halls in Jingtai, namely Laozi temple, doulao hall, Jiuku hall and Lingguan hall. There are two side halls, namely Taibai hall and four holy halls. On both sides of the gate are the second floor of the bell and drum, facing each other. In front of the mountain gate, there are stone steps winding to the top of the platform. Not far from the west side of the mountain gate, there is a stone spring pool, called Shangshan pool. There is a stone carving tap in it, which continuously spits water all the year round.

It is said that in 1283, a plague broke out in Zhouzhi area. There was no medicine to cure it, and countless people died. At that time, Zhang Zhijian, the prison of Louguantai, had a dream in the evening. He dreamed that Laojun Taishang told him: "there is a stone slab in front of the mountain gate, and there is a spring under the stone slab. In the spring, there is the elixir I refined, which can cure the epidemic." When Zhang Jianyuan woke up, he felt very strange, so he ordered the Taoist priest to look for it in front of the mountain gate. As expected, he dug out a spring under the stone slab in the West. Zhang Jianyuan was busy getting water for the Taoist priest suffering from the epidemic. Two hours later, the epidemic was miraculously cured. After the news came out, people from far and near came to get water to treat the disease, and the epidemic subsided. Three years later, Zhao Mengfu, the academician of the Imperial Academy, came here to visit. He was very surprised to hear about this. He asked for the word "shangshanchi" in a big book, which means "shangshanruoshui" in Tao Te Ching. Every temple fair, pilgrims still fight to drink this water in order to get rid of illness and prolong life.

Yangtian pool

On the south side of Jingtai

Chinese PinYin : Zhong Nan Shan