Western Zhou Dynasty chariot and horse Museum

Chemacheng Museum of Western Zhou Dynasty

synonym

The Western Zhou Dynasty chariot and horse Museum generally refers to the Western Zhou Dynasty chariot and horse pit Museum

The Western Zhou chariot and horse museum is located in Zhangjiapo East Village, Fengxi County, Chang'an City, Xi'an city. It was excavated by Fengxi archaeological team, Institute of archaeology, Chinese Academy of Sciences from 1956 to 1957. Its original numbers are m167, M168, M185 and m192. In addition, three other chariot and horse pits were found at the same site, but not excavated.

architectural composition

The building area of the museum is 2888 square meters. The top of the building is covered by five groups of big, pointed houses with four high and four low corners. The color of the building is brownish red. The four walls are white, forming a solemn and solemn style of the main structure. In the front (West) of the museum is a huge screen wall, inlaid with marble, and engraved with the name of the museum inscribed by the famous archaeologist Mr. Su Bingqi. There are Square Pavilion buildings on both sides, and the museum site is surrounded by strict walls. There are many car pits in the museum.

The No.1 Chema pit (m167) is nearly square. The pit mouth is 3.3 meters long from east to west and 3.2 meters wide from south to north. The pit bottom is slightly larger than the pit mouth. On the east side of the pit, about two meters apart, is the No. 2 Chema pit (M168); on the west side, about five or six meters apart, is a proved but not excavated Chema pit. The three pits are arranged in a straight line from east to west. A car, two horses and a martyr were buried in the pit. The shaft faces east, and the two horses are placed in the oval shallow soil trough on both sides of the shaft. The skeleton of the horse was curled up and bent, obviously after the horse was killed. Under the horse bone is a mat, and above it is also a mat. A human skeleton was buried behind the trunk. There is a horizontal niche on the west wall of the pit. The bottom of the niche is lower than the trunk, and the frame is stuffed in the niche. The human frame head south foot North, the bent body straight limb. In addition, there is a pig skeleton on the front left of the trunk. The second pit (M168) is rectangular, 5.6 meters long from north to south, 3.4 meters wide from east to west, and about 2 meters deep. Direction 90.. Two cars, six horses and a martyr were buried in the pit. The two cars juxtaposed north and south, with their shafts facing east. The one in the south is number one, and the one in the north is number two. Car one drives four horses, two clothes and two horses. The left suit and the left dog are placed in a soil groove on the left side of the shaft, and the right suit and the right dog are placed in another soil groove on the right side of the shaft. The soil trough is rectangular with two horses close together. There are mat marks on the horse. The heads of the four horses were put into four niches on the east wall. The second car drove two horses, and they were also in the soil trough on the left and right sides of the shaft. The horse was lying on all fours, covered with mats. A skeleton of the martyr was pressed under the trunk of the first car. The man's head was set to the south, and he was probably buried with his body bent down.

No.3 Chema pit (M185) is located 20 meters north of No.2 Chema pit. The plane of the pit is trapezoidal. The pit mouth is 3.2 meters long from north to south, 3.1 meters wide from east to west, and 2.6 meters wide from south to north. The pit bottom is slightly larger than the pit mouth, 2.1m deep and 190 ° in the direction. There is a car buried in the pit. There are two horses in front of the car. There is a skeleton behind the car. The car is north and south, the shaft is south. This is the only one of the four pits with the shaft to the south. As for chariots and horses, the burial situation is the same as that in No. 1 chariot pit. The skeleton of the martyr was also behind the trunk, buried in a long narrow pit slightly deeper than the trunk. The man's head is facing west, and his legs are straight. There are mat marks on his body, probably wrapped with mat. The pit was excavated in the early stage. There are 5 chariots and 10 horses in the pit, which are arranged from north to south. The car is of wooden structure, with single shaft and double wheels. It is painted on the car, which is composed of wheels, trunk, shaft and other parts. It is well preserved and has a clear image. There are two horses on the bottom of each car, with their heads facing north and arranged in order. They are buried after being killed. The skeleton of the dog was also found under the trunk. At the same time, a large number of bronze chariots, bronze horses and other funerary objects were unearthed. No. 4 Chema pit (m192) is located about 10 meters northwest of No. 1 Chema pit. The pit is rectangular, 8.3 meters long from north to South and 4 meters wide from east to west. There is little difference between the size of the pit mouth and the pit bottom. The depth of the pit is 1.7 meters and the direction is 91 degrees. Three cars, eight horses and a martyr were buried in the pit. The three cars were side by side, with their shafts all facing east. The number one in the South drives two horses, the number two in the middle drives four horses, and the number three in the North drives two horses. The martyrs are in the back of car number two. People frame head south, bent straight, waist has a bunch of shellfish, about 20. In the second and the third car, there is a bronze Ge on the trunk, which is worn by Hu Yi. There are five burrows in this Chema pit. The trunk of the third car in chemacheng No.4 is not clear. The truck scale belongs to the first category mentioned above. The horse is decorated with shell, and has no bridle, but bronze troughs, which seems to be different from the second category mentioned above.

unearthed relic

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, there are seven chariot and horse pits that have been excavated and have not been excavated. M185 and m192 were stolen. The number of vehicles and horses buried in the pits is less than 1 vehicle and 2 horses, and more than 3 vehicles and 8 horses. The form of burial is roughly the same. A total of seven chariot and horse pits have been excavated and have not been excavated. They are concentrated in the range of only tens of meters in length and width. It is speculated that all of them, or at least some of them with the same shape, belong to the early tombs nearby, because the strata of the Chema pits are the same as those of the first stage tombs, which have broken the earliest sites, but also by the late sites. The early tombs are richer than the later tombs nearby, and the early tombs are concentrated near the Chema pits. There is no tomb passage in the four Chema pits, and there is little difference in the size between the pit mouth and the pit bottom. The depth of the pit is much shallower than that of the small and medium-sized tombs of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The museum is built in the tombs area of Shang and Zhou dynasties, with Pavilion style architecture, imitating Tang style. There are exhibition hall, cultural relics library, two tombs and seven chariot pits in the museum. There are thousands of cultural relics on display, including pottery, copper, primitive celadon, jade, lacquer, terracotta figures, stone and so on. Among them, the largest bronzes found in the history of Xi'an, such as the cordiery tripod and the rectangular tripod, are engraved with 43 characters. The unearthed artifacts include stone axes, clam knives and other labor tools; pottery, bone needles and other daily necessities; bone beads, bone hairpins and other decorations; bone arrows, spears, copper knives and other weapons. There are many exquisite lacquerware, including some bronzes of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which are the best material materials for studying the history of the state of Yan. Chema Museum of the Western Zhou Dynasty is a professional Archaeological Museum combining cultural sites with cultural relics display. The museum area covers an area of 27 mu (18000 square meters) and the exhibition hall is 3000 square meters. The museum was inscribed by Mr. Su Bingqi, a senior archaeologist. The museum is divided into eight units, which mainly introduces the city walls of the capital of Yan state in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the cultural relics unearthed from the tombs of aristocrats of Yan state. The main cultural relics on display are: two groups of tombs preserved in situ, chemakeng where slaves died, bronzes unearthed from aristocratic tombs of the state of Yan in the Western Zhou Dynasty, especially the important cultural relics such as the Violine tripod (the most important one of all bronzes), Boju Cuan, etc.; the only complete lacquer ware such as Gu and dou in the early Western Zhou Dynasty; and a large number of exquisite pottery, jade, stone and agate. These rare art treasures show the creative ability of ancient Chinese working people and their outstanding contribution to human civilization.

Archaeological value

One of the unearthed pits is about five or six meters to the east of the No. 1 pit. It is also a long pit in the north and south, which is slightly the same size as the No. 4 pit. It is estimated that it is also the three cars with the shaft facing east. The age may be the same as that of the No. 1, No. 2 and No. 4 pits. The second of the unearthed pits is about 89 meters to the west of the No. 1 pit. No clear pit was found. The size of the pit is unknown. The third of the unearthed pits is about four or five meters southeast of the No. 2 pit. It is a narrow and long pit from east to west, about three meters wide, which is only the width of a car. The car can only be left East and West. It may have the same shape as the chariot pit of Guo State cemetery in Shanxian County, Henan Province, and the age may be later.

From the perspective of the well preserved cars, they can be divided into two types: the first type is the first and the third type is the second type. The trunk of this kind of car is higher, the scale is shorter and straight, and it can drive two or four horses, and the horses are all wearing bronze fittings. Belong to the second kind of car, there is No. 2 car, No. 2 car and No. 1 car. The plane of this kind of car is rectangular, the railings around the car are very low, the truck scale is very long, the two ends of the scale are tilted up, and the spearheads are inserted horizontally, the balance ends are decorated with mussels, the drivers are two horses, and the horses are all wearing the harness of shell decoration. It is estimated that these two kinds of vehicles may be due to different purposes, such as chariots, riding, or related to the gender of the passengers. The structure of the car depends on the traces of the wood structure. The basic structure of each car is the same.

Visit information

Admission: 10 yuan

How to get there: take a special bus or take the CMB to Chang'an District first, then transfer to other vehicles.

Address: Fengjing Middle Road, Chang'an District, Xi'an City

Longitude: 108.71917724609

Latitude: 34.203811645508

Ticket information: market price: 10.0 yuan

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