Lishan Mountain

Lishan Mountain

Lishan Mountain, located in the south of Lintong District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, is a branch of the Qinling Mountains, with an altitude of 1302 meters. It is composed of East and West Xiuling mountains. It is an isolated Horst type fault block mountain in the Weihe rift belt formed by the late rise of the Qinling mountains. It is meandering, lush and looks like a dark horse from a distance.

Lishan Mountain is also called Xiuling because of its beautiful scenery. When the sun goes down in the west, the Lishan Mountain is reflected in the golden sunset. The scenery is particularly beautiful, which has the reputation of "Lishan evening photo". Lishan Mountain is an important part of Huaqing Palace scenic area. There are many cultural relics and beautiful natural landscapes on the mountain, which are all over the beacon tower, laomu hall, Laojun hall, Wanzhao Pavilion, Bingjian Pavilion, Shangshan lake, Qixi bridge, shangdeyuan, Yuxian bridge, Sanyuan cave and many other famous scenic spots. Since the Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties, it has been used as a royal garden, with many villas. In ancient times, Nu Wa "made stones to mend the sky"; at the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, king you of Zhou staged the historical allusion of "beacon fire drama" here; Qin Shihuang built his mausoleum at the foot of Lishan Mountain, leaving the world-famous terracotta army; in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei performed a beautiful love story here; in modern history, the famous "Xi'an Incident" also happened On the Lishan Mountain.

Lishan is the witness of the historical context of the Chinese nation.

Human history

Historical evolution

Lishan Mountain is a famous scenic spot in ancient and modern China. It was named Lishan Mountain because it was the land of Lirong in the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Lintong was known as Zhaoying and Huichang, and Lishan Mountain was renamed Zhaoying and Huichang. Since the Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties, it has always been a place of royal gardens and many villas. Lishan Mountain is a branch of the Qinling Mountains. It stretches 25 kilometers from east to west, 13.7 kilometers from north to south, and 1302 meters above sea level. The pines and cypresses on the mountain are evergreen, magnificent and beautiful. It is named after a young Li horse.

According to historical records, Lishan Mountain is "not as lofty as Taihua, not as long as Zhongnan, not as quiet as Taibai, not as dangerous as Longmen. However, it is said that the three emperors are old residences, and since the birth of Wa Sheng, they have been lucky to leave palaces and other halls since the Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties, and that Xiuling and Wentang are all wonderful places."

The origin of the name

It is said that in ancient times, the earth collapsed and the people suffered. The mother of Lishan, the God of heaven, came to the lower world with her two daughters to mend the sky. Lishan old mother and the eldest daughter smelt stones, and the youngest daughter became a flying horse, carrying her mother and sister up and down, finally mending the sky.

However, a black dragon came out of the ground smashed by the sky and flooded the earth. Lishan's mother and two daughters subdued the dragon and saved the people. Then they began to make stones to fill the ground. After mending the ground, the youngest daughter, due to fatigue, didn't have time to change her face, so she lay on the ground to have a rest. When she woke up and saw the beautiful water and elegant environment, she decided to stay here. She became a mountain, like a black horse lying in the world. This is mount Li.

Li Mountain

Lishan: a new tune of poetry

Li Lei (founder of new tune of poetry)

The road is rugged, the sun is bright, the high view is from now on, the attention is from long. Heart up, strength. The water gathers as clouds, and the mountains turn into dragons. Layers of forest air high, green wings inserted on both sides. There's no need to hide the whip of the overlord. It's a powerful way to win. Will be a blue sky, a shoulder.

Folklore

There are more than 3200 meters of steps up the mountain. When you first come to the "banhushi" on the hillside of Lishan Mountain, you will see the military admonition Pavilion, which was built to commemorate the Xi'an Incident. After that, you can go west to the peak to the "evening photo Pavilion". Standing on the north side of the pavilion, the whole Huaqing pool is in front of you. Further on, you will arrive at Laojun hall on the third peak of xixiuling. Laojun is Laozi, a famous Taoist official in Lishan. According to legend, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty saw Laojun come to the pavilion twice, so he called it Jiangsheng Pavilion, also known as Chaoyuan Pavilion. In the hall, the white jade statue of Laojun was originally worshipped. During the "an Shi rebellion", the body of the statue was burned and his hands were stolen. Now the jade statue is kept in Xi'an Beilin Museum. From Laojun hall to the East, you can see the "laomu hall" on the second peak of xixiuling. This hall was built for Nuwa in historical legend.

Further to the East, you will arrive at the beacon tower on the first peak of xixiuling. It is here that the historical allusion of "the warlords of war play lose the world when they laugh". It is said that king you of Zhou once held a beacon fire here to tease the princes in order to win a smile from his beloved concubine Bao Si. When the dog army attacked the Lishan Mountain, the king of you ordered to light the beacon fire again, but none of the princes came to save him. The king of you was killed, Bao Si was captured, and the Western Zhou Dynasty was destroyed. After the beacon tower, go east to the "shiweng Temple" on dongxiuling.

Because the rock in the west of the temple is shaped like a urn under the impact of water, it is named "shiweng Temple". It is said that the temple was built in the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, using the materials left over from the Huaqing Palace. Then came to the "Yuxian bridge" in shiweng valley between the East and West Xiuling mountains.

It is said that the bridge was built in the Tang Dynasty. It is a single hole stone arch bridge with a length of 5 meters, a width of 2.4 meters and a height of 5 meters. According to legend, there was an ancient examinee who went to Beijing to take the exam. He went to this bridge and got the immortal's advice. Fortunately, he got the exam, so the bridge was named "Yuxian bridge".

Fairy Tales

Lishan goddess.

"There are hot springs in Lishan," quoted from Xin's three Qin records in Volume 71 of Taiping Yulan. As the saying goes, when the first emperor plays with the goddess, if he does not use propriety, if the woman spits on her, she will get sores. The first emperor was afraid to thank the goddess for coming out of the hot spring, and later generations took a bath. In addition, you Ming Lu, a collection of ancient novel Gou Shen, says: "Emperor Wu is in Ganquan palace, where jade descends, and he often amuses himself with the emperor's go. The female demeanor is correct, and Emperor Mi Yue wants to force her. Female because saliva emperor face and go, then disease sore for years. Therefore, the book of Han says: "avoid the Department of Ganquan palace.". At the right time. The division of the same legend. Lishan Mountain is famous for its unique hot springs and scenery. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, king you of Zhou and his concubine Bao Si Zhu once performed a historical tragedy of the rise of warlords and thus ruined the Western Zhou Dynasty. It is said that the first emperor of Qin met the goddess in Lishan Mountain before his death. During the tour, he wanted to play with the goddess. In a rage, the goddess spat on his face. In this way, the first emperor of Qin soon grew up with rotten sores. Although this is a fairy tale, it is indistinct that there seems to be some predestination between Qin Shihuang and Lishan. His graveyard was also selected beside Lishan Mountain. Why was Qin Shihuang so infatuated with Lishan Mountain?

Related allusions

The ancients regarded the choice of cemeteries as a great event for the benefit of future generations, especially the feudal emperor Qin Shihuang, who attempted to pass it on to the world, naturally paid more attention to the location of cemeteries. The reason why he wanted to be buried in Lishan Mountain is explained by Li Daoyuan in the Northern Wei Dynasty: "the first emperor of Qin dynasty built a tomb in Lirong mountain. It was named Lantian. Its Yin was rich in gold and its Yang was rich in jade. The first emperor was greedy for its good name, so he was buried.". Li Daoyuan's viewpoint is affirmed by many mathematicians in the academic circle. However, some scholars have objected to it. They think that the selection of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum in Lishan Mountain depends on the ritual system at that time and is influenced by the traditional idea of "building mausoleum according to the mountain". As early as the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the idea of building mausoleums according to the mountains had been raised. Later, when people chose cemeteries, they paid special attention to the geographical environment near mountains and rivers. "If you want to build a tomb, you have to come to the mountains and go to the water." see the secret burial scriptures of the original Mausoleum of the Han Dynasty. It was regarded as the best geomantic treasure land by the ancients. As for when this idea began, there is no way to test it.

Qinshihuang Mausoleum is a model of building mausoleum according to mountains. Qinshihuang Mausoleum is adjacent to Lishan Mountain in the South and Weishui River in the north, which is a fact for all to see.

However, on the east side of the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, there is also an artificial fish pond. According to the notes of Shuijing: "the water came out of the northeast of Lishan Mountain and flowed northward. Later, the first emperor of Qin Dynasty was buried in the north of the mountain. The water flowed through the mountain and turned northward. The first emperor built a mausoleum to collect soil. The ground was deep and the water accumulated into a pond, which is called fish pond. The water flows to the northwest through the north of Shihuang tomb. "It can be seen that the water in the fish pond originally came from the northeast of Lishan Mountain and flowed from south to north. Later, when the Qin Shihuang mausoleum was built, an east-west dam was built on the southwest side of the mausoleum. The length of the dam is more than 1000 meters, the width is generally more than 40 meters, the widest part is more than 70 meters, and the residual height is 2 to 8 meters. It is commonly known as the Wuling site. It was this dam that changed the original water from the fish pond in the northeast of Li River into the northwest flow and passed around the northeast of Qin Shihuang mausoleum. In addition, in the east of the cemetery, there is a continuous stream of hot spring water. According to the notes of Shuijing, "there is hot spring water in the southwest of Yuchi water, which has been used to cure diseases for many years." sanqinji says, "there is hot spring in the northwest of Lishan.".

It can be seen that the hot spring in that year corresponds to the fish pond water in the northwest. It is not difficult to find that the geomantic features of Qinshihuang Mausoleum are as follows: it is backed by mountains in the south, surrounded by water in three sides in the East, West and North. Isn't "surrounded by mountains and water" the geomantic treasure site chosen by Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum? The idea of building mausoleums around mountains and water in Qin Dynasty had a far-reaching influence on the later generations. The mausoleums of Western Han Dynasty, such as the mausoleum of emperor Gaozu, the mausoleum of emperor Wendi, the mausoleum of emperor Jingdi, and the mausoleum of Emperor Wudi, were chosen to imitate the geomantic omen idea of building mausoleums around mountains and water in Qin Shihuang mausoleum.

Documentation

1. According to the historical records of the Qin Dynasty:

The daughter of marquis Shen is Daluo's wife, and she has a son. Marquis Shen Naiyan said to King Xiaowang: in the past, the daughter of Li Shan was Rong Xuxuan's wife. She was born in the middle of her life. She returned to Zhou Dynasty with her relatives and protected Xiti. Xiti was so harmonious.

In the spring of the seventh year, king you of Zhou used Baosi to abolish the crown prince, and established Baosi as the suitable one. He bullied the princes and betrayed them. Xirong dog Rong and Shen Hou attacked Zhou and killed you king Li Shanxia. Forty two years, ANN

Chinese PinYin : Li Shan