HUBOLIAO Nature Reserve

Huboliao nature reserve is composed of Huboliao, Letu, e-xiandong and Zijingshan. It covers 4 towns and 13 administrative villages in Nanjing County. There are many rare animals and plants in the reserve.

HUBOLIAO Nature Reserve

HUBOLIAO Nature Reserve was approved as a national nature reserve by the State Council in June 2001. It is the Fourth National Nature Reserve in Fujian Province after Wuyishan, Meihuashan and Longqishan. The total area is 3001 hectares, including 1410.62 hectares of core area, 819.2 hectares of buffer area and 771.2 hectares of experimental area. The forest coverage rate reaches 87.6%, which belongs to the characteristics of south subtropical rainforest. Botanists call it "Xishuangbanna in South Fujian".

Basic introduction

The nature reserve is the only intact, contiguous and large-area south subtropical rainforest forest ecosystem at low latitude and low altitude in eastern South Subtropical China. It is also a remnant and primitive forest ecosystem with rainforest characteristics at the same latitude in the world. It has high protection and scientific research value. For example, in 1997, Dr. Lei from the school of life sciences of Peking University, entrusted by the European Union organization, came to the field for scientific investigation and thought that "it is a rare South Asian tropical rainforest landscape with high scientific research value." There are more than 130 kinds of rare plants in the area. Among them, Taxus chinensis var. mairei, Ginkgo biloba and boleshu are classified as national class I protected plants; Cinnamomum camphora, Fokienia hodginsii and spinulosa spinulosa are classified as national class II protected plants; 264 species are rare animals. Among them, there are 6 species of clouded leopard, yellow bellied horned pheasant and python, 31 species of Sumen antelope, pangolin and yellow billed egret, 38 species of migratory birds under the protection of bilateral international agreements, and 8 species of migratory birds under the protection of Chinese and Australian governments. In addition, there are 680 species of medicinal plants such as Anoectochilus Huboliao, Dendrobium candidum and pueraria lobata, 362 species of insects, 187 species of macrofungi such as Ganoderma lucidum and Dictyophora flava, and 54 species of soil microorganisms.

Geography and geomorphology

Geographical location and scope

Fujian HUBOLIAO National Nature Reserve is located in the southeast of Fujian Province, the southeast slope of bopingling mountains, the upstream of Xixi of Jiulongjiang River, the South (former Huboliao nature reserve) and North (former happy land nature reserve) of Nanjing County, Zhangzhou City in the East, Yongding County in the west, Pinghe County in the south, and Zhangping City in the North (see Figure 1 for details). The geographical coordinates of the nature reserve are: east longitude 117 ° 12 ′ 42 ″～ 117 ° 22 ′ 45 ″, north latitude 24 ° 30 ′ 05 ″～ 24 ° 56 ′ 20 ″. The total area of the nature reserve is 3001.0hm2 (including farmland and other non forest land).

Geology and geomorphology

Under the influence of the late Yanshanian Neocathaysian structure, the nature reserve has formed compression and compression torsion fault fold belts in the north and northeast directions. The east part of the nature reserve is controlled by the Fu'an Shangping fold belt, and the northeast part is restricted by the Zhangping Meilin fault belt.

The terrain is obviously inclined from northwest to Southeast. The highest altitude is 874.5m, and the lowest altitude is only 137m. The relative elevation difference is 737.5m. There are 14 low mountains above 500m, with complex topographic changes. The slope is generally 25-35 ° and the steepest is 45 ° according to the genetic types and morphological characteristics of landforms, the landforms can be divided into four types: low and medium mountains, hills, platform and valley plain.

climate

The Nature Reserve belongs to the south subtropical marine monsoon climate zone, with warm and humid climate and superior light, heat and water conditions. According to the meteorological data of Nanjing County, the annual average temperature is 21.1 ℃, the coldest month (January) is 8.7 ~ 13 ℃, and the hottest month (July) is 24.4 ~ 28.9 ℃. Extreme high temperature is 40.5 ℃, extreme low temperature is - 2 ℃; active accumulated temperature is 5323.1 ~ 7512.7 ℃, duration is 273 ~ 341 days; annual average sunshine hours is 1973.9 h, sunshine percentage is 44.7%, annual average solar radiation is 502385.4 J / C ^. The average annual frost free period is 322.4 days. The average annual rainfall is 1587.5-1879.6 mm, and the spring rain season is from March to April with the rainfall of 225.4-289.8 mm; the Meiyu season is from May to June with the rainfall of 522.1-618.1 mm; the typhoon season is from July to September with the rainfall of 586.0-703.5 mm; and the dry season is from October to December with the rainfall of 254-295.7 mm. The annual average relative humidity is 79-87%.

soil

According to the lithology, the parent rock can be divided into acid rock, neutral rock, Sandy Rock, argillaceous rock, basic rock, limestone, metamorphic rock, etc. The acid rocks are mainly granite and biotite granite. The soil is mainly red soil, part of Latosol red soil. The soil structure is ABC type, with deep soil layer, high content of organic matter (2.5% ~ 2.8%), acidic soil, pH value of 4.3 ~ 4.8, unsaturated base, lack of P and k elements, but thick litter layer, which makes up for this deficiency.

river system

The Nature Reserve belongs to the Jiulong River Basin. The water system in the area is developed, and there are many streams, which are generally distributed in dendrites. The main rivers are Chuanchang River, Longshan River and Yongfeng river.

Chuanchang river flows through Shuangxikou of Shancheng City, joins Huashan River and flows into Xixi Jingjiang River, Longshan River joins Yongfeng River and flows into Xiangjiang River, and Xiangjiang River joins Jingcheng Shuangxikou and Jingjiang River to form the main stream of Xixi River. Most of the upper reaches of the streams are located in deep mountains and valleys with dense forests and high humidity. According to the test, the water quality reaches the secondary water source standard.

natural resources

According to the floristic geographical composition of seed plants, there are 495 genera of tropical elements, accounting for 71.6%, 196 genera of temperate elements, accounting for 28.4%, compared with Wuyishan Nature Reserve (52.3% and 47.7%) and Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve (87.1% and 12.7%) There are many tropical and subtropical families and genera, and more tropical elements. Families with more genera and species, such as Fagaceae (evergreen species), Lauraceae, Rubiaceae, Papilionaceae, Theaceae, Euphorbiaceae, ardiaceae, Moraceae, myrtle and Melastomataceae, are tropical and subtropical families. There are some tropical genera and species in the south subtropical rainforest, such as Cinnamomum, Marsdenia, Oliva, Putao, Gumu, shengteng, etc.

The floristic composition of the nature reserve is very complex. Among the 15 distribution types and their forms, only the Central Asia distribution type and its forms are not found, and other floristic components are found. Most of them are pantropic distribution types and their forms, such as Cinnamomum, Ficus, trepanax, Hedysarum, jiacishu and Sapium, which are the dominant or sub dominant plants in the upper and middle layers of tropical and subtropical forests. Ilex, Ficus, suangpan, zijinniu, mihuashu, shanfan and Euonymus are the most common plants in the shrub layer, while Gnetum and youmatong are the most common lianas in or around the forest. In particular, most of Ficus plants are evergreen. Some species are the upper plants of tropical rain forest or mountain rain forest in China. They have prominent prop roots or aerial roots, and the phenomenon of old stem flowers, which represent the typical characteristics of tropical trees.

There are 119 genera of tropical Asian distribution and its forms in the south subtropical rainforest of the nature reserve, which is second only to the pantropic elements; Huangqi, runnan, jiaorang, camellia, Huangtong and Caoshan are the most common elements in the south subtropical rainforest of the nature reserve.

Castanopsis plants distributed intermittently in East Asia and North America play an important role in the composition of the south subtropical rainforest in the nature reserve. Tall trees such as Castanopsis kawakamii and Castanopsis wulaiensis are the constructive species of the south subtropical rainforest in the nature reserve, while Castanopsis fargesii, Castanopsis kawakamii, Castanopsis eyrei and Castanopsis carlesii are the constructive species of the secondary south subtropical rainforest in the nature reserve.

In addition, the Old World tropical distribution type and its variants of Alpinia often become the dominant species in the herb layer of subtropical rainforest. Other distribution types of guafumu, duying, Melastoma and dogbane are also common.

The animal resources in the nature reserve have typical subtropical characteristics. There are 210 species in the Oriental realm, 29 species in the Palaearctic realm and 58 species widely distributed in the geographical division of terrestrial vertebrates. Typical subtropical animal species, especially arboreal and forest animal species are abundant, so it is a typical place to protect and study the ecosystem types of south subtropical rainforest.

In addition to abundant wild animal and plant resources, the conditions for microbial reproduction are also very favorable. There are 187 species of Macrofungi in 43 families, 16 orders, 3 classes, of which edible fungi account for a large proportion. Dictyophora indusiana and Ganoderma lucidum are naturally distributed. There are 54 species of soil microorganisms in 28 genera, 15 families, 9 orders.

natural landscape

The natural landscape and cultural landscape in the reserve have great potential in scientific research, teaching and ecotourism. HUBOLIAO Nature Reserve has a unique natural landscape composed of old stemmed flowers, giant herbs, developed interlayer plants, leidashi, woshi, leshuixi, Tianshui waterfall, jiuququ canal and other scenic spots.

Zijingshan pipe shield

Zijingshan pipe protection is located in Shancheng town,

Chinese PinYin : Hu Bo Liao Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu