Kinmen

Jinmen County

synonym

Kinmen (Kinmen County in Taiwan) generally refers to Kinmen County (a county under the jurisdiction of Quanzhou City, Fujian Province)

Jinmen County, subordinate to Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, is now under the actual control of the Taiwan authorities. It was called "Wuzhou" and "Xianzhou" in ancient times. In the 19th year of emperor Dezong of Tang Dynasty (803 A.D.), it was the land for horse herding. In the Five Dynasties, it was incorporated into Quanzhou. In January 1915, it was officially established as a county, which was named "Jinmen" with the meaning of "firm as gold soup and Xiongzhen as Haimen"

It is composed of 12 islands, covering a total area of 151.656 square kilometers.

Jinmen county is located in the southeastern part of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, in the Gulf of Quanzhou and the Gulf of Xiamen, standing in the western part of the Taiwan Strait. It is only 2310 meters away from Chinese mainland. It is located outside the sea of nine Longjiang. It is 198 nautical miles from Keelung in the East, 82 nautical miles from Penghu in the southeast, 160 nautical miles from Kaohsiung, 18 nautical miles from Xiamen in the west, only 1.8 km from Jiaoyu and 210 km from Taiwan Island.

In February 2004, the navigation line from Jinmen to Xiamen was launched, and the "small three links" were started.

In 2004, the total revenue of Kinmen County was NT $18126.37 million, the per capita income was NT $308202, and the per capita GDP was NT $329656.

Historical evolution

Since ancient times, Jinmen has been under the jurisdiction of Tongan County, Quanzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province. Jinmen has an important position in the history of Tong'an county. There are proverbs that "no gold, no silver" and "no gold, no copper".

Qing Dynasty and before

The development of Jinmen by the Han people can be traced back to the Jin Dynasty. According to the records of Jinmen annals in the Qing Dynasty, there were six families of Su, Chen, Wu, Cai, Lu and Yan who moved to Jinmen to avoid the war.

In 803, the imperial court set up five horse ranches in Quanzhou. Wuzhou was one of them, and Chen Yuan served as the supervisor of horse ranching. This was the beginning of the establishment of administrative organs in Jinmen island. The twelve surnames Cai, Xu, Weng, Li, Zhang, Huang, Wang, Lu, Liu, Hong, Lin and Xiao followed Chen Yuan to reclaim the island. Therefore, Chen Yuan was honored as "KAISU benefactor".

Because of its salt production, Jinmen (formerly known as Wuzhou) experienced the development of Five Dynasties, Ten Kingdoms, King Shenzhi of min, yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasties and other dynasties, creating a forest of Yancheng around Jinshawan on the east peninsula of Jinmen.

During the reign of the Yuan Dynasty (1343-1368), the central government set up Wuzhou saltworks Department (the official position was from Qipin Guan, in the area from Jinsha middle school to Dongpu and Rongguang New Village) and Wuzhou Academy (the present-day Shami vegetable market) in Houxue village, shiqidu, fengxiangli, Wuzhou. Shamiyin was located at the intersection of Jinsha Bay, Wenshui River and Jinsha River. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was the former site of Wuzhou salt field department and Wuzhou academy, the highest administrative organ in Jinmen area (built by simaque commander of Wuzhou salt field in the Yuan Dynasty). In the past, Jinsha area was the most densely populated area in Jinmen (there were 64 fengshiye in Jinmen, 39 in Jinsha Town and 3 in Shami).

In the Yuan Dynasty, the coastal areas of China had intensive exchanges with foreign countries. Therefore, Shami (Houxue Village) was located at the edge of Yancheng, such as Jinshan Bay, Wuzhou Yanchang division, Wuzhou Academy (Jinshan Academy in Ming Dynasty), guanzhencheng, Yong'an Cheng, putoucheng, shamicheng, etc. besides many islanders, salt workers and scholars, and convenient shipping, the region was also full of politics and commerce. Houxue Street (today's Shami old street), under many favorable conditions, followed the human development context and historical track, and naturally formed a commercial and trade market. Since the Yuan Dynasty, it has been the political and economic center and cultural town of the east gate of Kinmen peninsula. Since the founding of the Republic of China, Jinsha is still the economic center of Kinmen area. The Jinsha Bay Jinsha port during the Republic of China is the port of the Venus navigation port between the Kinmen region and Chinese mainland. It was also the place where the national government (National Army) landed in Kinmen, and was once the garrison of the Jindong garrison division and the chariot company of the youth army. There are 43 Jinshi from a small island in Kinmen, including 40 in Chinese and three in Wu.

In 1387 A.D., Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of Ming Dynasty ordered Zhou Dexing, the Xiahou of Jiang Dynasty, to manage the coastal areas of Fujian Province. Jinmen garrison is one of the 12 garrisons. The military department of Ming Dynasty called Jinmen "zhongzuo garrison". It has four inspection departments, namely Fengshang, guanao, Tianpu and chenkeng. Later, it added Lieyu inspection department. Jinmen is named for its adherence to Haikou in Southeast Fujian Province, which means "firm as gold and strong as Haimen".

During the Nanming Dynasty, Jinmen was actually controlled by Zheng Chenggong's regime. In the third year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty and the 18th year of Yongli of the Southern Ming Dynasty (1664), after the Qing army conquered Jinmen, they took measures to remove the boundary and forced the residents to move 30 li away from the coastline. From the 13th year of Kangxi and the 28th year of Yongli (1674) to the 18th year of Kangxi and the 33rd year of Yongli (1679), the Zheng regime recaptured Jinmen and used it as a forward base for military operations in the interior of China. In 1680, after the Qing army occupied Jinmen for the second time in the 19th year of Kangxi and the 34th year of Yongli, it followed the old system and belonged to Tong'an County, Fujian Province (now Tong'an District, Xiamen City, Fujian Province). After the Qing army occupied Taiwan in the 22nd year of Kangxi and the 37th year of Yongli (1683), it carried out the restoration of the border, and the residents who left the border gradually returned to their original places.

the Republic of China era

On April 18 of the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the counsellors of Xiamen military government sent representatives to petition the governor's office of Fujian for approval. Xiamen and Jinmen set up Siming County independently from Tong'an county. Siming county was upgraded to Siming County on September 18 of the same year. Until March 30 of the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Siming county was replaced by Siming county.

In 1914, the local regionalization system was abolished in Qing Dynasty. Xiamen was divided into Siming county (now Xiamen City) from Tongan County, and Jinmen was under the jurisdiction of Siming county. In July of the same year, Xu Shiying, the Governor General of Fujian Province, consulted the Ministry of interior of Chen Beiyang government and sent Zuo Shuxie as the committee member of the organization and administration of Jinmen. After being approved, he separated the Jinmen area (big and small Jinmen and big and small Deng Islands) from Siming county and established Jinmen County, which was under the jurisdiction of Xiamen Road and was a second-class county.

In the fourth year of the Republic of China (1915), on April 9, Jinmen county was officially established by approval order. The county magistrate was set up and the county office was changed into the county office. It is divided into Liudu, Shibao and 166 townships.

In 1933, after the Fujian incident, Quanhai province was once designated by the people's Republic of China (later renamed Xingquan province).

In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), it was changed into four districts with 32 joint insurances; in the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), it was reorganized into three districts with 12 joint insurances.

In 1937, the Japanese army occupied Jinmen during the Anti Japanese War, and the government of Jinmen County moved to Dadeng township to rent houses for office.

After the end of the Second World War in 1945, the Republic of China took back Kinmen and set up two towns and four townships; in 1946, it changed to two towns and two townships.

At the beginning of 1949, Jincheng, shamei, Lieyu and Dadeng were established in the county.

After 1949

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, in October 1949, the Chinese people's Liberation Army led by the Communist Party of China occupied the coastal areas of Fujian, conquered Dadeng Island, Xiaodeng island and nearby islands of Dadeng Township in Jinmen County, and established Dadeng District, which was entrusted by Nan'an county (now Nan'an City)

Chen Yidong was appointed as the first magistrate of Jinmen County of the people's Republic of China. The rest of Jinmen county is still controlled by the Taiwan authorities and continues to this day. Since then, there has been a coexistence of two county heads in Jinmen county.

After the battle of guningtou, the Taiwan authorities suspended the administration of Kinmen County in November of the same year (1949), abolished the government of Kinmen County, and established the administrative office of Kinmen military control region. The whole territory of Kinmen controlled by the Taiwan authorities entered the "military control period".

The main body of Jinmen is divided into Jindong, Jinxi and Lieyu, each of which has a civil affairs department to administer the local administration, and nine district offices including Chengxiang District, Jincheng District, Jinpan District, Canghu District, Bihu District, Jinsha District, Lieyu District, Guning district and qiongpu district.

In March 1950, the civil affairs offices of Jindong, Jinxi and Lieyu were merged into the "administrative office of Jinmen military administrative region". In July 1951, it was divided into five administrative regions: Jincheng, Jinning, Jinhu, Jinsha and Lieyu. In December of the same year, Jinshan administrative region was added.

In February 1953, the Taiwan authorities put an end to the military control system, implemented the "battlefield administrative system" of unifying the military and government, restored the county administration, and re established the Jinmen county government.

The former administrative regions of the administrative office of the Jinmen military administrative region were changed into townships, and three towns and three townships were set up. However, the "administrative committee" under the Jinmen defense command is responsible for the decision-making, command and supervision of local administration, and the military leads the administration.

In December 1953, the Jinjiang special committee of the CPC decided that Liang Xinmin was the second county and the last county chief of the Chinese mainland. Liu Ji was the Secretary of the Jinmen County Working Committee.

In June 1954, the Taiwan authorities in Putian County under their control

Chinese PinYin : Jin Men