Yangcheng Lake

Yangcheng Lake

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

to examine

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Also known as Yangcheng Lake. In the south of Jiangsu Province, five kilometers northeast of Suzhou City, across Wu County and Kunshan county. Yangcheng Lake is adjacent to Shanghai in the East and Suzhou in the West. Beijing Shanghai railway, Shanghai Nanjing Expressway and 312 national highway all pass by the district. It is only half an hour's drive away from Shanghai Hongqiao Airport. It has a coastline of 9.67 kilometers, winding and poetic. It is 17 kilometers long from north to South and the largest from east to west

It has a width of 8 kilometers, an area of 117 square kilometers and a storage capacity of 370 million cubic meters. Yangcheng Lake, with a total water area of 180000 mu, is one of the lakes in the lower reaches of Taihu Lake

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There are two sand ridges in the lake, which divide Yangcheng Lake into East, middle and West Lakes. The East Lake is the largest, with a water depth of 1.7-2.5m; the middle lake and the West Lake are 1.5-3.0m.

The water from yuanhetang in Xina flows from Qiputang, yanglintang and Jihe River in the east to the Yangtze River, and from loujiang River in the south to Wusong River, Chenghu lake and Dianmao lake group. Therefore, the unique water environment, geographical location and aquatic environment make Yangcheng Lake hairy crabs different from other lakes.

Yangcheng Lake is rich in aquatic resources. Yangcheng Lake is rich in 70 kinds of fresh water products. White fish, silver carp, freshwater shrimp and hairy crab are the "six treasures in the lake". Among them, Yangcheng Lake freshwater hairy crab, known as the "king of crabs", is well-known at home and abroad.

Formation and evolution

Cause of formation

Lagoon theory

The formation of Yangcheng Lake was caused by the deposition of the great river. Taihu Lake, Yangcheng Lake, Dianshan Lake and other lake groups in the Yangtze River Delta were originally large bays connected with the sea. Due to the eastward extension and retroflexion of the Yangtze River and Qiantang River, part of the sea surface was encircled in the inner sea, thus forming the inner sea. The water from the mountains on both sides was continuously injected, diluting the water in the inner sea and becoming freshwater lakes.

Structuralism

Because of the neotectonic movement of the crust in Taihu Lake area, the plain of Yangcheng Lake subsided, the river changed its direction, and the Jingxi river system changed its course to the East. It changed from a fault basin to a catchment basin, and gradually became several small marsh lakes, and then gradually formed Yangcheng Lake.

According to meteorology, the continuous heavy rain in ancient times lasted for thousands of years, and the annual precipitation in some years even reached 600000 tons. A large amount of water accumulated in the low-lying areas of Yangcheng Lake area year after year, thus forming the present Yangcheng Lake.

Change of circumstances

Before Shang Dynasty, Yangcheng Lake area was the alluvial plain of land. The lake water of Tang Dynasty can reach Yangchenghu town. In the Ming Dynasty, lotus island was gradually formed from HUSHUI to Bacheng. In the 1960s and 1970s, the area of Yangcheng Lake and its surrounding lakes decreased by 6% due to the cultivation and cultivation of surrounding lakes. 165 lakes disappeared or almost disappeared, covering a total area of 22 square kilometers. Among them, Yangcheng Lake in the west is the most prominent, and track and field land expands eastward.

Basin characteristics

Yangcheng Lake is the third largest fresh water lake in Taihu Plain. Two natural ridges run through the north and south of the lake. The lake is divided into East, middle and West Lakes, among which the East Lake is the largest. There are many ports and branches between the three lakes. It is a storage lake for flood control, drainage, water diversion and irrigation in Yangcheng area. At the same time, it is also the main source of drinking water in Suzhou City and Kunshan City. Yangcheng Lake is a huff and puff lake, with water from Wangyu and Changshu in the West and northwest. It is the regulating center of Maohe river network in yangchengdian lake

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Yangcheng Lake is mostly low-lying polder area along the lake, there are 63 inlet and outlet ports, including 30 inlet ports. It is distributed in the West and northwest, mainly in Litang River, beihejing, etc.; 33 water ports are distributed in the East and south, mainly in Qiputang, yanglintang, loujiang and Lujing, etc. Yangcheng Lake is surrounded by shengzedang lake, Shahu Lake, Bacheng lake, puppet lake, eel lake and other small lakes. Yangcheng Lake has vast waters. The water is as clear as a mirror. The lake is beautiful and picturesque. Yangcheng Lake Park is a beautiful ecological park with a green area of 330000 square meters

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geographical position

Yangcheng Lake boundary 30 ° 5 N

5'40 "~ 30 ° 32'58" and 119 ° 51'32 "~ 120 ° 36'10" east longitude, across the industrial park, Xiangcheng District and Kunshan City.

topographic features

Yangcheng Lake is surrounded by plain and water network, which is a water scenery

climate

Yangcheng Lake is located in the subtropical zone, the climate is mild and humid, belonging to monsoon climate. In summer, affected by the tropical ocean air mass, the prevailing southeast wind is mild and rainy; in winter, controlled by the northern high pressure air mass, the prevailing northerly wind is cold and dry. The annual average temperature is 16.0 ℃ - 18.0 ℃, and the annual precipitation is 1100-1150 mm.

hydrographic features

flow

The average annual runoff of Yangcheng Lake is 750 million cubic meters and the water storage is 370 million cubic meters.

water level

The average water depth is 1.9 meters and the storage capacity is 443 million cubic meters. The spring rain increases in April every year, and the water level rises. The water level reaches the highest in July and August. After September, the water level begins to drop, and it enters the dry season in November and December,

The lowest water level is in January and February of the next year. The highest water level over the years is 4.62 m (Guajing, August 25, 1954), and the lowest water level over the years is 2.17 m (Guajing, February 29, 1956).

water temperature

The annual average water temperature of Taihu Lake is 16.1 ℃, the average water temperature in January is 4.5 ℃, and the average water temperature in July is 25.3 ℃. In the past 65 years, the whole lake has been frozen only 10 times.

Historical evolution

In 1994, it was approved as a provincial tourist resort by the provincial people's government. On the basis of the overall planning in 1992, it was revised in 2001. After the revision, the planned land area is about 36.15 square kilometers. It is planned to set up a lakeside sightseeing belt, a water sports area, a water style park, an ecological wetland, a Bagua water city, a leisure resort, a convalescent villa area, a software park, a leisure fishery area, and a modern agricultural planting area There are 14 functional areas, including garden, sightseeing agricultural park, aquatic products trading area, ancient town sightseeing area and comprehensive service area. There is a Neolithic caojiaoshan ancient cultural site by the North Lake.

Lotus Island

"If you haven't been to Lianhua Island, you haven't been to Yangcheng Lake!". It's a common saying of people who come to Yangcheng Lake. Lotus Island is located in the north of the central part of Yangcheng Lake. It is a leisure resort integrating catering, entertainment, conference and leisure. Lotus island of Yangcheng Lake has also become one of the top ten rural eco-tourism attractions arranged by Suzhou Tourism Bureau.

Lotus Island is located in the center of West Lake, middle lake and East Lake of Yangcheng Lake in Jiangsu Province, covering an area of about 3 square kilometers. It looks like a blooming lotus flower embedded in the lake, so it is named "Lotus Island". There are more than 200 families, about 1200 people, living on the island. They are engaged in farming hairy crabs. There are only people walking on the island, and there are no cars and other means of transportation. Every family has several boats, boats, oar boats and motor boats. Crab farmers usually use small motor boats when they travel. Each motor boat costs more than 60000 yuan. In order to protect the water source of Yangcheng Lake, Suzhou municipal government has demolished most of the fences used to raise crabs outside Lianhua Island, leaving only the original residents of Lianhua island in Yangcheng Lake to raise crabs, continuing the legend of Yangcheng Lake hairy crabs.

Name land effect

In the 1990s, Hengjing town in Changshu changed its name to Shajiabang town in pursuit of "land name effect", which further caused a lot of confusion in understanding. In recent years, people often confuse the newly named lake near Shajiabang with Yangcheng Lake in Changshu. No wonder Cihai mistook the "Shajiabang revolutionary tradition education center" built by Kuncheng lake of Changshu for the Bank of Yangcheng Lake.

Yangcheng Lake is famous for its rich production of hairy crabs. It is also famous for the beautiful lyrics in the Peking Opera Shajiabang: "the morning glow is reflected on Yangcheng Lake, and the reed flowers put rice and fragrant willows on the bank..." It's more famous for its wide spread. However, in terms of the ownership of the concept of geographical location, none of the authoritative reference books, such as Cihai, has been correct in all the revisions since the founding of new China.

For example, in the 1965 edition of Cihai, Wu County, which owns most of Yangcheng Lake, was left out; in the three editions of 1979, 1989 and 1999, Changshu county (city), which has nothing to do with Yangcheng Lake, was involved, but the suburbs of Suzhou, which is located on the Bank of Yangcheng Lake, were excluded. What's more surprising is that the revised edition of Cihai in 1999 added the content of "building Shajiabang revolutionary tradition education hall" on the lakeside. Yes, there is a "Shajiabang revolutionary tradition education hall" in the south of the Yangtze River, but it is built by Kuncheng Lake in Changshu, at least 5 kilometers away from Yangcheng Lake!

Where is the exact location of Yangcheng Lake? "Yangcheng Lake crosses Wuxian county and Kunshan county. It is about 10 kilometers away from the urban area of Suzhou in the southwest, and the southwest end of the lake is at the junction of the urban area.". This annotation is accurate.

As for the mistakes of Cihai in the previous revisions, it may have something to do with the singing of Beijing Opera Shajiabang (including Shanghai Opera Ludang kindling). The play praises the villages in Yangcheng Lake area during the hard years of the Anti Japanese war

Chinese PinYin : Yang Cheng Hu