Tomb of Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning

Tomb of Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning

Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning's tomb is located in the south of Zijin Mountain, Xuanwu District, Nanjing City, under Tianbao City, west of Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty, facing the front lake. It has beautiful environment, magnificent architecture, beautiful scenery, symmetrical layout and magnificent momentum. It is a famous accessory Tomb of Zhongshan mausoleum.

The tomb of Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning was designed by famous architect LV Yanzhi. Liao's tomb was originally in Huanghuagang, Guangzhou, and was moved here in June 1935. In 1972, Mrs. He Xiangning, Mrs. Liao Zhongkai, died in Beijing and was buried here. In July 2001, the tomb of Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Mausoleum layout

The tomb of Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning is conical in shape and decorated with columns at the bottom. The tomb is 7.5 meters high and its base is 32 meters long. The tombstone is 8.2 meters high, 2.1 meters wide and 0.85 meters thick. On the yang side of the stele is the "Tomb of Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning", and on the Yin side of the stele is the "dear and sincere". The following is engraved with the handwritten script of Liao Chengzhi: Liao Zhongkai (1877-1925) and He Xiangning (1878-1972). The stone case in front of the stele is divided into square pavilions on both sides, and the octagonal stele pavilions cross the platform. The life story of Liao Zhongkai is engraved on the wall of the Zhou Dynasty, and the Shinto pillars imitating the tombs of the Six Dynasties are erected on both sides of the pavilion.

The original inscription "Tomb of Mr. Liao Zhongkai" was inscribed by Lin Sen, then chairman of the national government. Now "Tomb of Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning" is inscribed by Liao Chengzhi. On the Tomb Sweeping Day in 1983, Liao Chengzhi wrote a five character poem: "Jinling is infinitely good. I came to zhengqingming. Letters, notes, flowers, condolence.

Construction background

My wife is sad

The murder of Liao Zhongkai caused a great shock in the whole country. The CPC Central Committee immediately called the Kuomintang to express its deep sorrow over the murder of Liao Zhongkai. Mao Zedong and Deng Zhongxia jointly wrote the article "Wu Hu, the death of Mr. Liao". Zhou Enlai and he Yingqin jointly wrote the memorial article. Zhou Enlai also wrote the memorial article "don't forget the party hatred" separately. On September 1 of the same year, the national government held a grand memorial meeting for Liao Zhongkai in Guangzhou. At the time of the funeral, 200000 people went to the funeral in Guangzhou, with a procession of more than 10 kilometers. With grief, He Xiangning wrote a couplet for her husband: "husband and wife Grace, this life is not finished, the next life is in; children debt, two people bear a total of one person."

Liao Zhongkai's burial

Liao Zhongkai was first buried to the left side of Zhu Zhixin's tomb in simagang, Guangzhou. Soon after, the central government of the Kuomintang made a decision to bury Liao Zhongkai near the Zhongshan Mausoleum in Nanjing, in recognition of his great achievements in the national revolution and in assisting Sun Yat Sen's revolutionary cause. In 1926, the Central Committee of the Kuomintang established the preparatory office for the burial of Mr. Liao Zhongkai. Together with his daughter Liao Mengxing, the tomb site was selected at the foot of Zijin Mountain in Nanjing. The designer of the tomb was the famous architect LV Yanzhi. However, its construction project has been delayed for ten years due to various reasons.

In June 1935, escorted by He Xiangning and Xu Chongqing, special commissioner of the Kuomintang Central Committee, Liao Zhongkai's coffin transferred from Guangzhou to Hong Kong and Shanghai, and arrived at Xiaguan railway station on the afternoon of June 18. Ye chuqiang, Ding Weifen, Juzheng and other important members of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang went to the station to greet him and held a brief ceremony at the station. Zhang Zhizhong, director of education of the Central Military Academy, personally led more than 400 students to serve as guards. Later, the coffin was carried to the prepared hearse and sent to Zhongshan cemetery, where it was temporarily housed in Linggu Temple.

Public sacrifice ceremony

On the morning of June 21, the Central Committee of the Kuomintang held a grand public memorial ceremony for Liao Zhongkai in Zhigong hall, with ye chucheng as the chief mourner. The ceremony was attended by Sun Ke, Yu Youren, Cai Yuanpei, Chen Shuren, Zhu Peide, Zhang Zhizhong and other important members of the Kuomintang, as well as his wife He Xiangning, Liao enxun, Liao Zhongkai's younger brother, and his daughter Liao Mengxing. The construction of Liao Zhongkai's tomb was accelerated only after his coffin was transported to Nanjing.

On September 1 of the same year, according to the scheme designed by LV Yanzhi of that year (He Xiangning required that the tomb should be built into a joint tomb type, so that it could be buried with the same tomb in a hundred years in the future), the construction of the cement tomb was completed, and the burial ceremony was held. Liao Zhongkai's coffin rose from Linggu Temple's Zhigong hall, then passed through SHUIXIE Road, Zhongshan Mausoleum front square, Xingjian Pavilion, Ming Xiaoling and Qianhu to reach the cemetery. At 10 a.m., the burial ceremony was held by Ye chulang, who slowly put Liao Zhongkai's coffin into the tomb. In front of the tomb, a tall tombstone was erected. In the center of the tombstone, there were seven characters "Tomb of Mr. Liao Zhongkai", which was inscribed by Lin Sen, chairman of the national government. Besides He Xiangning and his relatives, Shao Yuanchong, Zhang Zhizhong and representatives from all walks of life attended the ceremony. After the funeral, the construction of the ground works of Liao Zhongkai's cemetery (including the tomb watch Pavilion, square, corridor in front of the tomb, etc.) began.

He Liao and his wife's tomb

When He Xiangning was seriously ill in 1972, he kept calling: "Duke of Zhou, Duke of Zhou!" In his busy schedule, Premier Zhou Enlai came to her hospital bed and yelled to her (He Xiangning was deaf in her old age, which was more serious when she was seriously ill): "please tell me what the old people want. On behalf of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao, I come to see you. " He Xiangning said intermittently: "I don't want cremation, I want to go to Nanjing!" Premier Zhou Enlai immediately agreed to Mr. He's final request. She died in Beijing on September 1 at the age of 93.

On September 5, 1972, a grand memorial meeting was held in Beijing. Zhu De, chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, presided over the meeting. Song Qingling, vice president of the people's Republic of China, delivered a eulogy. More than 500 party and state leaders, including Zhou Enlai, Dong Biwu, Chen Yun, Ye Jianying, Guo Moruo, Deng Yingchao, and representatives from all walks of life attended the memorial meeting. According to He Xiangning's dying wish, Deng Yingchao, Liu Fei, Zhu Yunshan, Liao Mengxing, Liao Chengzhi, Jing Puchun and others specially escorted the coffin to Nanjing on September 6 to share the tomb with Liao Zhongkai. Ye Jianying, Li Xiannian, Xu Qianqian, Guo Moruo and other party and state leaders were on their way to Beijing railway station.

The next afternoon, a solemn ceremony was held in the cemetery of Liao Zhongkai in Zhongshan cemetery, with the participation of representatives from all walks of life in Jiangsu and Nanjing, leaders escorting the coffin and their families. After that, a concrete column was disassembled from the north end of Liao Zhongkai's tomb, and He Xiangning's coffin was placed in it, juxtaposed with Liao Zhongkai's coffin, and then the concrete column was restored. At the same time, the inscription on the original tombstone in front of Liao Zhongkai's tomb was also rewritten by Liao Chengzhi as "the tomb of Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning".

In front of Liao Zhongkai's and He Xiangning's cemeteries, there are two paths in the shape of an arc. On both sides of the path are widely planted with cypresses and pines, which is very solemn and solemn. At the end of the passage is a semicircular platform with a circle of stone chairs under it for worshippers to rest. In the middle of this semicircular platform, there is an octagonal tomb watch Pavilion, in which there are eight granite tablets engraved with the life story of Liao Zhongkai, written by Hu Hanmin. After Liao Zhongkai's cemetery became a joint tomb in 1972, the pavilion has been demolished (eight granite tablets have been properly preserved). At the left and right ends of the platform, there are two Chinese watches imitating the Shinto stone pillars of the tombs of the Six Dynasties. At the top of the two watches, there are lotus shaped round covers, on which there is a stone to ward off evil spirits.

From the two walls between the two Chinese watches, the tomb area is located. The concrete corridor in front of the tomb leads directly to a rectangular platform. A Square Pavilion is built on the left and right. Under the Square Pavilion, a guard room is set up for the guards guarding Liao's tomb. A few more stone steps, is an area of 330 square meters of large platform, tall tombstones and tombstones, is located above. The tomb is made of reinforced concrete. The upper half is spherical, 9 meters in diameter, and the lower half is octagonal, surrounded by 24 circular concrete columns. The layout of the whole tomb area is symmetrical, rigorous and magnificent. Among all the attached tombs in Zhongshan Mausoleum, Liao Zhongkai's and He Xiangning's joint tombs are very characteristic.

Five character poem on Tomb Sweeping

On the Tomb Sweeping Day in 1983, Liao Chengzhi, the descendant of Liao Zhongkai and his wife, wrote a five character poem when he was sweeping the tomb: "Jinling is infinitely good. Write down your thoughts and send flowers to your relatives. " It fully expresses the infinite yearning for our ancestors.

Brief introduction to the owner of the tomb

Liao Zhongkai

Liao Zhongkai (1877-1925), formerly known as Enxi, also known as Yibai, was born in Guishan, Guangdong Province (now Huizhou City). Born in the United States, the overseas Chinese studied in the United States. Later, they studied in China, Hong Kong and Japan, and developed strong national consciousness and patriotism. In the autumn of 1905, he joined the Chinese Alliance with He Xiangning in Japan, and since then actively followed Sun Yat Sen's revolutionary cause.

After the revolution of 1911, Liao Zhongkai was appointed as the chief counsellor and financial administrator of the governor of Guangdong Province. In 1921, he fully helped Sun Yat sen in his northern expedition. The next year, he actively supported Sun Yat Sen's three major policies of "uniting Russia, the Communist Party and supporting agriculture and industry", and participated in the reorganization of the Chinese Kuomintang. He served successively as Minister of finance of the national government, governor of Guangdong Province, and concurrently as Minister of workers, Minister of farmers, party representative of Huangpu Military Academy, chief inspector of military supplies, etc. he was one of Sun Yat Sen's most effective assistants. After Sun Yat Sen's death in 1925, he continued to carry out Sun Yat Sen's "three major policies". He was hated and resented by the extreme right in the Kuomintang. He was assassinated in front of the Central Party Department of the Kuomintang in Guangzhou on August 20, 1925. He was only 48 years old.

first woman to join the Tongmenghui

He Xiangning (1879-1972), formerly known as Jian, also known as Ruijian, was born in Nanhai (now Foshan suburb) of Guangdong Province. one thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven

Chinese PinYin : Liao Zhong Kai He Xiang Ning Mu