Zhongshan Scenic Area

Zhongshan Scenic Area

Zhongshan scenic spot is located in Zijin Mountain, Xuanwu District, Nanjing city. It is a famous scenic spot in China, one of the first batch of national scenic spots, one of the first batch of national 5A scenic spots, one of the national forest parks, one of the national civilized scenic spots, and one of the top 40 scenic spots in China.

Zhongshan cemetery is the center of Zhongshan scenic spot, and Xiaoling Mausoleum and Linggu Temple of Ming Dynasty are the bases. There are more than 200 scenic spots and 84 scenic spots for sightseeing. Among them, there are 1 world cultural heritage, 15 national key cultural relics protection units, and 31 cultural relics protection units of Jiangsu Province and municipal level. The scenery is divided into five parts: Ming Xiaoling scenic spot, Zhongshan Mausoleum scenic spot, Linggu scenic spot, toutuoling scenic spot and other scenic spots.

Zhongshan Mountain is also named Zijin Mountain because there are often purple clouds on the top of the mountain. Zhongshan and Houhu depend on each other, laying the foundation for Nanjing's congenital victory. During this period, the city is surrounded by the dragon and the tiger, and the landscape, city and forest are integrated, which can be called the quintessence of Nanjing's landscape culture. Therefore, Zhuge Liang has the praise of "Zhong Shan long pan, stone Hu Ju, this emperor's house".

Zhongshan, standing on the Bank of the Yangtze River with the potential of "dragon pan", has been lush after thousands of years. It has taken in the kings and heroes of several dynasties and pines, green and cypresses. It integrates multi-cultural and several kinds of natural crafts and stands out among the mountains. It contains six Dynasties culture, Ming Dynasty culture, Republic of China culture, mountain, water, city and forest culture, ecological leisure culture and Buddhist Culture Series in one mountain "The first mountain of Chinese culture".

[the scenic spots in the overview map are Zhongshan Mausoleum, Zhongshan Mausoleum music station, Lingyuan Road, Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, Meihua Mountain and Zhengqi Pavilion]

Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum

Liuhuixie

Meiling Palace

Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum

Linggu Temple

Plum blossom mountain

Sifang City

Sutra Library

underwater world

Tomb of Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning

Sun Quan's tomb

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History and culture

Zhongshan has a magnificent climate and superior terrain. Since ancient times, it has blended with the ups and downs of Nanjing.

The great changes and developments in politics, economy, military and culture of Nanjing, the ancient capital of China, have almost all left a rich accumulation and a clear mark in Zhongshan.

Since Sun Quan, the first king of the Six Dynasties, Zhongshan has become the burial place of the emperor's Mausoleum and meritorious officials; since the beginning of the Six Dynasties, Zhongshan is also a Buddhist resort in Jiangdong; from the Six Dynasties to modern times, Zhongshan is a military center and a place for military strategists to fight for; from ancient times to modern times, many scholars and scholars have traveled to Zhongshan, leaving a well-known chapter of poetry; especially the leader of the peasant uprising, Hong During the revolution of 1911 led by Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the great pioneer of China's democratic revolution and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom led by Xiuquan, there were many tragic and tragic battles in Zhongshan, and many heroic people fought in Zhongshan.

Zhongshan, with many cultural landscapes, has a great variety of scenery in the past dynasties.

Zhongshan is the pride and holy land of the ancient capital of Nanjing.

Zhongshan scenery, when the mausoleum of Dr. Sun Yat Sen and its ancillary memorial buildings for the most. Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum, located in the southern slope of Maoshan, is situated in the purple mountain. It is situated in the south of the mountain, and is surrounded by thousands of feet. It is designed by Lu Yan - Zhi, a famous architect in China. It combines the essence of China's ancient and Western Architecture, and is simple and simple. The overall situation of the cemetery is in the shape of "alarm bell", implying the meaning of "making the world reach the Tao".

The construction of the mausoleum took more than three years from the ground breaking in January 1926 to the Fengan ceremony on June 1, 1929. The whole mausoleum project was completed in 1931.

Around the main building of Zhongshan Mausoleum, there are also a series of memorial buildings, such as yongmu Lu built above the back of the mausoleum to facilitate the wake of Dr. Sun Yat Sen's family, feng'an memorial hall to store the memorial items of feng'an ceremony, Baoding, music stage, Liuhui Pavilion, Yangzhi Pavilion, Guanghua Pavilion, Xingjian Pavilion, and Sutra collection building, etc. all of which are the memory of Dr. Sun Yat Sen by people from all walks of life and overseas Chinese at that time And donated money to build it.

In memory of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, Zhongshan Botanical Garden and mausoleum greenhouse, which are well-known at home and abroad, have been established in Zhongshan Mausoleum park.

On both sides of the mausoleum lie some influential figures of the modern democratic revolution, such as Sun Yat Sen's close comrades in arms and Kuomintang politicians.

In 1928, the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China decided to rebuild the cemetery of the soldiers of the National Revolutionary Army at the Linggu Temple on the east side of Zhongshan Mausoleum, and to build more memorial archways, memorial halls and pagodas.

In the memorial hall rebuilt from Wuliang Hall of Linggu Temple, the names and ranks of soldiers and soldiers killed in the Northern Expedition and anti Japanese war are engraved. It is estimated that there were 10 steles and more than 33000 names at that time.

At the northern foot of Zhongshan Mountain, there is a solemn cemetery for aviation martyrs. On the tombstone are engraved the names of 3306 martyrs from China, the United States, the Soviet Union and other countries who died for anti Japanese war.

In front of and behind the buildings of Zhongshan Mausoleum is the buildings of Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty. The Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty is the mausoleum of the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and empress ma. The mausoleum covers an area of 22.5 kilometers, from Xiamafang to fulongfubao City, with a depth of 2.5 kilometers. It is the largest Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty.

The whole complex is divided into two parts: from Xiama square, through forbidden stele, shenlie mountain stele, dajinmen, Shengong Shengde stele Pavilion, Yuhe bridge, shixiangsheng, shiwangzhu, shiwengzhong to lingxingmen, it is the guiding part of the Shinto of Xiaoling.

After passing the Lingxing gate and turning to the northeast, you can enter the main building of the cemetery, including Jinshui bridge, Wenwu square gate, Xiaoling gate, Xiaoling hall, Neihong gate, Fangcheng minglou, and Baocheng.

The underground palace is under the treasure city. The Shinto of Xiaoling of the Ming Dynasty is 2400 meters long, winding and deep. The central turning point is the plum blossom mountain where Sun Quan's mausoleum is located. The Shinto goes around the foot of the mountain and is S-shaped, which is quite different from the open and direct Shinto in front of the mausoleums of the emperors of all dynasties.

Although the wooden buildings on the ground of Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty were destroyed in the war, the overall layout is magnificent, and the buildings are still magnificent, with clear patterns and superb skills. In particular, the unearthed tombs of emperor Taizu and empress Ma of the Ming Dynasty are more mysterious under the influence of folklore and historical anecdotes such as "Zhu Yuanzhang was buried and 13 city gates in Nanjing were coffined" for hundreds of years. Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, personally selected the site and built a large-scale Ming Xiaoling in the sun of Zhongshan. He also "buried the Yin of Zhongshan" to the founding officials who followed him to fight a hundred battles and set up a foundation, forming a layout of "Wai Chen of the mountains".

According to historical records, more than 10 meritorious officials of the early Ming Dynasty were buried in the shadow of Zhongshan, with monuments, trees and PI Tuo connected. The tombs of Xu Da, king of Zhongshan, Chang Yuchun, king of Kaiping, Li Wenzhong, king of Qiyang, Wu Liang, Duke of Jiang, Wu Zhen, Duke of Hai and Qiu Cheng, Duke of WAN are well preserved. The stones and beasts are scattered, and Weng Zhong is mixed.

In Zhongshan scenery, the oldest is the Buddhist temple building. During the Six Dynasties, there were more than 70 Zhongshan temples, many Vatican temples, and the sound of bells and chimes was heard, "in the misty rain of many buildings.". Through the vicissitudes of time, there have been ups and downs in the past dynasties. So far, only Linggu Temple on the left side of the mountain is still large. In particular, the Wuliang hall in Linggu Temple is tall and built with bricks instead of nails. For some reasons, it is also called Wuliang hall, which is the earliest and largest existing similar building in China.

Most of the other temples in Zhongshan are deserted. For example, the great Aijing temple, which was built at the top of Zhongshan in 520, the first year of Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty, is the most magnificent. Xiao Yan, Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty, once visited and wrote poems in person, and Xiao Tong, Prince of Zhaoming Dynasty, made peace with it. The temple was destroyed in the war, and its ruins can still be seen today. The existing religious buildings in Zhongshan, such as Wuliang hall, Baogong tower, Zhigong hall and Dinglin temple, are important historical sites, which can only be rebuilt by many generations. However, between the top of Zhongshan Mountain or the valley of Zhongshan Mountain, we can see the ruins of the ancient temple and the prosperous scene of Zhongshan Buddhist temple in the Six Dynasties.

Zhongshan cultural relics also have their own characteristics. As far as the inscriptions are concerned, the stele of Baozhi monk, which was painted by Wu Daozi, a great painter in the Tang Dynasty, praised by Li Bai, a great poet, and written by Yan Zhenqing, a great calligrapher, is well-known. It was originally built in dulongfu, Zhongshan, and later moved to the present site with Linggu Temple. The Yangshan stele near Fengtou village, which was originally intended to be used as a stele for the sacred virtues of the Xiaoling Mausoleum, was excavated by Zhu Di, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty. Its forehead, body and base are huge, 73 meters high and 15000 tons in total, which can be called "peerless stele".

On the third peak of Zhongshan Mountain, China's first modern Observatory is built, and precious cultural relics such as armillary sphere, simple instrument, celestial globe and guibiao are preserved. All of them are the oldest astronomical instruments in the world. In addition, the reading platform of Prince Zhaoming of Shangliang, the north peak of Zhongshan, the cliff inscription of Dinglin Temple of Zhongshan by Lu You, a famous patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Taoist "thirty first cave" where Zixia lived in seclusion in the Ming Dynasty are all scenic spots with strong cultural atmosphere.

Nanjing is a famous ancient capital and national historical and cultural city in China. In its 2600 years of history, the Six Dynasties, the early Ming Dynasty and modern times are the three golden periods in its historical development. The historical sites and memorial buildings in Zhongshan are also the most prominent in these three periods. Zhongshan scenery is the witness of Nanjing's long history.

geographical environment

Chinese PinYin : Zhong Shan Feng Jing Ming Sheng Qu