Jingling

King Mausoleum of Xuanwu emperor in the Northern Wei Dynasty is a magnificent tomb. It is the second Emperor Mausoleum approved by the state for scientific excavation since the founding of the people's Republic of China. It is also the earliest Emperor Mausoleum excavated in the open era in China. The earth is sealed in a round shape, 110 meters in diameter, and now 24 meters high. The underground palace is located under the Fengqiu, sitting in the north and facing the south. It is composed of the tomb passage, the front passage, the back passage and the tomb chamber, with a total length of more than 56 meters. The plane of the tomb is nearly square, and the coffin bed is located in the west of the tomb. It is composed of 15 square large bluestone slabs, and the whole is rectangular.

Qingjingling

synonym

Jingling (Tomb of the ancestors of the Qing Dynasty) generally refers to jingling of the Qing Dynasty

Jingling mausoleum is the mausoleum of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty. It is located in the east of Xiaodong mausoleum in changruishan, 70 Li northwest of Zunhua. The construction began on February 10, 1676, and was completed in February 1681. Emperor Kangxi set a precedent of burying the empress first and keeping the underground palace door open to wait for the emperor.

Empress Renxiao and empress Xiaozhao were sent to jingling underground palace on March 8 of the 20th year of Kangxi; empress Xiaoyi was sent to jingling underground palace on October 20 of the 28th year of Kangxi; Emperor Kangxi died on November 13 of the 61st year of Kangxi (1722), and was sent to jingling underground palace on September 1 of the first year of Yongzheng (1723) to cover up the underground palace.

Book 42: jingling is in Changrui mountain, east of Xiaodong mausoleum. Empress Renxiao (empress Xiaocheng) was buried together. Empress Xiaozhao, empress Xiaoyi and empress xiaogongren were buried together. In the first year of Yongzheng, Emperor Jingmin's imperial concubine (Yongzheng granted her mother Princess min the title of imperial concubine Kao and her posthumous title) was buried in Jingling underground palace.

Jingling Xinggong

In May of the 13th year of Kangxi, after the death of hersheri, the empress of benevolence and filial piety, it was the time of the war in San Francisco. Therefore, the construction of the king cemetery of Kangxi began on February 10 of the 15th year of Kangxi (March 23, 1676). In 1678, the second empress Xiaozhao also died. In February of the 20th year of Kangxi (1681), jingling was completed. Together with the transfer of Renxiao empress and Xiaozhao empress Zi palace, together in the Emperor Kangxi's main mausoleum underground palace.

Jingling is also the first imperial mausoleum in the Qing Dynasty to abolish cremation and implement the burial system; Kangxi first set a precedent for the emperor to bury the empress in the mausoleum without closing the stone gate.

(* in the first year of Yongzheng, because of Yunxiang, Yongzheng set a precedent for burying imperial concubines in Emperor Kangxi's mausoleum.)

Jingling regulation

rule and regulation

The chronicles of the ten thousand years of Changrui mountain

The underground palace built a treasure city in the Zhou Dynasty, with Fangcheng in front and minglou in the upper part, which was named jingling

On the first stele, Gong Shu said: the mausoleum of emperor shengzuren. There is a sacrificial platform in front of the lower steps of Baocheng, with five offerings of stone on the top, three glazed flower gates on the front, and five banquet halls on the front, with double eaves and overhanging forehead. Gong Shu said: longen hall. There are five rooms on the left and five rooms on the right, and one stove on the East and one stove on the West.

There are five rooms in front of longen gate, three rooms in the left and right of the gate, five rooms in the East and west of the gate, five rooms in the East and west of the gate, five rooms in the south of the East chamber, one well Pavilion in the north of the yuan, three stone bridges in the middle, two temporary bridges in the East and west of the gate, and one Shinto stele Pavilion in the front Then the hook was engraved, and Cheng Zeji wrote a message to hang it. There are also five rooms in front of the gate of dragon and Phoenix, including two stone statues of Wen Chen, warrior, horse, elephant and lion, two pillar watchers and two stone tablets for dismounting.

The former is a stone bridge with five holes, and the former is a stele pavilion with holy virtue. This paper traces back to the location of the stele erected in Yongzheng's third year, and says: Emperor shizuzhang's inscription seems small. Emperor shengzuren has been in office for more than 60 years, and his merits and virtues are prosperous. There are so many words in the stele that one stele can't be fully recorded. It's better to build two steles, one in Qing Dynasty and the other in Chinese If it is not safe, or if it is widened, it must not be raised. We will discuss it in detail, so as to make it appropriate. According to the regulations of Xiaoling Mausoleum, two steles were built and engraved, two pillars were set up before and after the pavilion.

The former shenlu turns to the West and reaches to the left of qikongqiao Yibei shenlu in Xiaoling.

Yi Shu

In longen gate, namely Baoshan and Shashan, Yi trees were planted according to the situation to protect the shade. The number of trees in each row was adapted to local conditions, but there were ten Yi trees in each row on both sides of Xiaoling shenlu, nine in each row on both sides of jingling, Yuling and Dingling shenlu.

There are 29500 trees in Jingling.

Named jingling

General examination of imperial documents Volume 151:

In February of the first year of Yongzheng reign, Emperor Ding Mao respected the emperor's Mausoleum and said, "jingling.". The name of emperor shengzuren's mausoleum was submitted to the court. Emperor shizongxian (Yongzheng) was deeply grieved. He pricked his finger and circled jingling.

Fengan underground palace

General examination of imperial documents Volume 151:

In the first year of Yongzheng, Emperor shengzuren's Zi palace was moved to jingling on the afternoon of March. In April, Emperor Xinhai's Zi palace was temporarily moved to jingling

In August, Yichou was transferred to jingling, the Zigong palace of empress an xiaogongren. In September, Dingchou was transferred to jingling, the Zigong palace of empress an xiaogongren.

On the same day, Emperor shizongxian made a sacrifice at Yijing mausoleum, and Emperor qintianjian played an auspicious time. He offered a sacrifice to the three barons in front of emperor shengzuren's Zi palace, followed by Empress xiaogongren's Zi palace. After the ceremony, he went to the gate of the mausoleum and knelt to the North to cry This time, please bury the golden coffin of emperor Jingmin and close the stone gate of Yuan palace.

(empress xiaochengren, empress xiaozhaoren and empress xiaoyiren have been placed in the underground palace.)

Empress Yi buried in Jingling underground palace

Empress Renxiao and empress Xiaozhao serve together in an underground palace

February of the 20th year of Kangxi

Yi Wei. He held the sacred places of emperor Taizu Gao, empress xiaocigao, Emperor Taizong Wen, empress xiaoduanwen, Emperor shizuzhang, empress xiaokangzhang, empress Renxiao and empress Xiaozhao. Enter Fengxian hall. I will sacrifice to my parents.

Xin Chou. In order to transfer Renxiao empress Xiaozhao empress Zi palace to the mausoleum. He sent princes below the kings and above the eight banners to offer sacrifices.

Ren Yin. Up to Gonghua city.

Gui Mao. Empress Renxiao and empress Xiaozhao set out in Zigong. I'll see you off in person. Under the king, Manchu and Han officials, princesses and concubines, ministers and wives, all gathered to mourn and kneel down.

Ji You. Go to Xiaoling. The mourning is over. Visit empress Renxiao and empress Xiaozhao in person.

Geng Chen. Stay in the south of Malanyu city. It is the imperial residence of Zigong and Zhiling, empress Xiaozhao and empress Renxiao. The hall of worship and enjoyment.

March

On the 8th of March in the 20th year of Kangxi reign, empress Renxiao and empress Xiaozhao were sent to jingling underground palace together;

Wu Wu. Empress Ren Xiao, empress Xiao Zhao Zi palace, and Fengan underground palace. Send officials to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth, ancestral temple, state and Xiaoling

Xin You. Go to Linxiang hall. Under the king, Manchu and Han ministers, Qiji. 3 a.m. to 5 a.m.. Empress Yi Ren Xiao, empress Xiao Zhao Zi palace and burial underground palace. Empress Ren Xiao is on the left. Empress Xiaozhao lives on the right. Drink to your parents. Wang, Manchu and Han ministers saluted. There is a difference in the silver coins and cloth given to the manager of the empress mausoleum.

Xin Si. I went to the palace of the Empress Dowager and said hello. He led the bodyguards of the kings and ministers to the Xiaoling Mausoleum. Drink and mourn. The second is the mausoleum of empress Xiaozhao. Order the prince to salute. Drink. It's in Japan and in the city of nianyuchi.

Empress xiaoyiren feng'an underground palace

October of the 28th year of Kangxi

Renshen. On the 11th, he moved empress Xiaoyi to Zigong and went to the Mausoleum (jingling). I'd like to pay a sacrifice in person. The king below, three grade officials above, gathered to mourn.

(11) Jiaxu. Feng moved empress Xiaoyi to the mausoleum. I'll see you off in person. Under the king, civil and military officials, princesses, concubines, and second-class wives all gathered to mourn and kneel down. He ordered the emperor's eldest son Yunzhi, his third son Yunzhi and his fourth son Yinzhen to accompany him. It's the Japanese, the Japanese and the Japanese.

(16) Jimao. In order to Xiaoyi empress Zi Palace Fengan underground palace. It is from Zigong, Empress of Japan and Xiaoyi, to the mausoleum. Fenganxiang hall.

(19) Renwu. Feng moved empress Xiaoyi's Zi palace to enjoy the palace in front of the underground palace. Send the eldest son of the emperor to read the article and offer sacrifices

(20) Guiwei. The time has come. Feng moved empress Xiaoyi to Zi palace and buried underground palace (Underground Palace door is not closed). I'm here for a drink. Under the king, civil and military ministers saluted. It's a day and a night in Tangquan.

November.

(27) Gengshen. Empress Xiaoyi and Sheng Yi were chosen to serve as the temple of Fengxian. Shangqinyi was sacrificed in the first hall.

(28) Xinyou. Send a man Han university scholars each, respectfully point Xiaoyi queen God. Is the day, Gong holding God card, Sheng Yi Fengxian hall.

Emperor Yongzheng initiated the imperial examination of emperor and concubine's funeral

There is an empty ticket in the pictures of changruishan Wannian Tongzhi and mausoleum Yizhi. Nowadays, most people think it was left by Zhang Jia, the imperial concubine of Jingmin. The existing records of Zhang Jia's group burials in Jingling are all from the Yongzheng Dynasty, but not from the Kangxi Dynasty.

Zhang Jia was originally dressed in Manchuria inlaid with yellow flag. He was selected into the palace by the palace maids of the three banners of the house of internal affairs. He was not canonized before he died. He died on July 25, the 38th year of Kangxi. A week later, Emperor Kangxi granted him the title of minfei. Zhang Jia's family didn't give out the coat during the reign of Kangxi. It was Yongzheng who gave the coat to his family members after he ascended the throne. According to the records after the Yongzheng Dynasty, in the first year of Yongzheng, Zhang Jia was buried in the jingling mausoleum

Chinese PinYin : Jing Ling