Dongfeng space city

Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

synonym

Dongfeng space city generally refers to Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC), also known as "Dongfeng space city", is one of the launch test bases for China's science satellites, technology test satellites and launch vehicles. It is subordinate to the former General Equipment Department of the people's Liberation Army and now belongs to the strategic support force.

Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (the former 20 base of general equipment department) is the earliest and largest integrated missile and satellite launch center in China. It is the main base for testing and launching long march series launch vehicles, various test satellites, application satellites, manned spacecraft and rocket missiles in medium and low orbit. The base is also responsible for debris recovery, astronaut emergency rescue and other tasks Since its establishment, the center has carried out 110 Space Launch missions, successfully sending 145 satellites, 11 spacecraft and 11 astronauts into space.

On January 8, 2016, Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center was awarded the title of the first batch of "national research and learning tourism demonstration base" by the National Tourism Administration.

On March 28, 2017, it was selected as "the first batch of China's top ten science and technology tourism bases" by the National Tourism Administration and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

On January 27, 2018, Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center was selected into the "China industrial heritage protection list".

geographical position

Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center is located in Jiuquan City and Alxa League, covering an area of 2800 square kilometers. About 95% of the sub bases are located in Jiuquan City and 5% in Alxa League. It is a military restricted zone (military control zone), and its non military administration is under the jurisdiction of Jiuquan City.

Jiuquan satellite launch base is about 200km away from Jiuquan City and 500km away from Alxa League. Therefore, the closest prefecture level city is Jiuquan City, Jiuquan launch center began construction in 1958. In the mid-1980s, the launch center began to open. It needs an official name. This name must reflect the general geographical location of the launch center, and it must be a place with a certain international reputation. The city nearest to the launch center that meets these conditions is undoubtedly Jiuquan, so it is called Jiuquan Satellite Launch center.

The name Jiuquan launch center also has the realistic consideration of material supply. For a long time, the material supply of the base is mostly undertaken by Jiuquan. Meanwhile, Jiuquan is responsible for the construction of the base's living area, military, passenger railway and expressway. The education, medical treatment and public security of the base are under the jurisdiction of Jiuquan City.

Since 5% of the sub bases are located in Ejina Banner of Alxa League, in order to compensate Alxa League, Alxa League will be responsible for tax revenue. In addition, Jiuquan will be responsible for all affairs. A "Jiuquan Office of China Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Jiuquan" will be set up at Xiongguan Road, Suzhou District, Jiuquan City.

Climate and environment

Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center is an inland and desert climate, with flat terrain, sparsely populated, little rain throughout the year, long day time, annual average temperature of 8.5 ℃, relative humidity of 35% - 55%, about 300 days per year for launch test, and full use of the land space TT & C network thousands of kilometers away from Kashi in the West and West Fujian in the East. In addition, the base has been built for many years, and the living facilities are basic With complete technical support, TT & C communication, railway transportation, power generation and distribution and other supporting facilities, the conditions are very suitable for the launch of satellites and manned spacecraft.

The nearest airport is 40.25n, 99.48e. Jiuquan Dingxin airport.

Development history

On April 12, 1961, the former Soviet Union successfully sent cosmonaut Gagarin into space to explore the challenging space high-tech field, which has become the focus of all countries in the world. To this end, China has formulated the "863 Plan" to track the development of strategic high technology, and the "manned space" project is an important part of the "863 Plan".

The origin of Jiuquan "Dongfeng Aerospace City" also has the characteristics of military industry units. In the 1960s, the secret code of long-distance cable telephone communication between the launch base and the three headquarters in Beijing was "Dongfeng", so the base has always used the name of "Dongfeng base".

On August 11, 1992, when General Secretary Jiang Zemin inspected the base, he gladly inscribed "Dongfeng space city". Since then, people have officially called it Dongfeng space city. "Dongfeng space city" is developed on the basis of the former satellite launch center and the two test bases of the air force. The words "Dongfeng" can be found everywhere here. No matter kindergartens, streets, hotels, markets and so on, there are "Dongfeng". When you enter Dongfeng space city, in addition to ensuring safety and confidentiality during the launch and experimental missions, it is not as mysterious as people think, which is not much different from ordinary towns. Walking on the streets here is like entering a modern city. The hotels and streets here are very special, including space Road, space Road, space Road, Populus euphratica Road, Heihe Road, Hongliu Road, etc. Large hotels were named "Shenzhou", "Dongfeng", "aerospace" and so on. The base also has a special airport and self provided power plant with a resident population of thousands.

China's manned space program was officially launched on September 21, 1992, so the project was named "921 project", and the launch site was set at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, which has created numerous brilliant achievements.

It took less than four years from site selection to completion of "921 project". According to incomplete statistics, 600000 cubic meters of earth and stone have been excavated for the construction of the launch site, and more than 23000 tons of steel have been used, involving more than 9000 construction companies and more than 10000 builders. The launch site is composed of technology area, launch area, test command area, first area measurement area, test cooperation area and astronaut area. It integrates the world's advanced science and technology, adopts the "three vertical" mode of vertical assembly, vertical test and vertical transfer, and remote test launch control. It has the function of testing one engine and assembling one engine at the same time.

At the end of 1997, the launch site of Project 921 was successfully completed. It has been put into operation after the test of launch drill in March 1998. On October 20, the zero altitude escape test of 921 project was successfully ignited for the first time, and China's manned space launch took a successful first step. On July 25, 1999, with the arrival of the first task train of the 921 project, Chinese scientists put their hard work of seven years into practice for the first time. At 6:30 on November 20, 1999, the long march 2F rocket ignited and took off, turned in 12 seconds, threw the escape tower in 120 seconds, separated the fairing in 200 seconds, separated the ship and arrow in 586 seconds, and put the spacecraft into orbit accurately. The complete success of shenzhou-1 spacecraft.

Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center was subordinate to the former general equipment department before the current round of military reform.

Organizational leadership

Secretary of the Party committee of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center: Ji Duoduo

Director of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center: Major General Zhang zhifen

Launch record

On November 5, 1960, China successfully launched its first surface to surface missile here.

On October 27, 1966, China successfully tested its first missile nuclear weapon here.

On April 24, 1970, China's first man-made satellite, dongfanghong-1, was successfully launched here by the long March-1 carrier rocket.

On November 26, 1975, China's first recoverable satellite was successfully launched here.

On May 18, 1980, China's first long-range carrier rocket was successfully launched here.

In August 1987, it provided launch and carrying service for French Matra company, which enabled China's aerospace technology to enter the world commercial market from then on.

In October 1992, the launch mission was carried out for the first time for international users, that is, when the Long March 2C rocket was used to launch the Chinese recoverable satellite, the Freya satellite of the Swedish space company was launched into the predetermined orbit, and it was successful.

On November 20, 1999, shenzhou-1 experimental spacecraft was launched from here, which opened the curtain of China's manned space program.

At 1:00:3 on January 10, 2001, shenzhou-2 was successfully launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

At 22:15 on March 25, 2002, Shenzhou-3 was successfully launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

At 0:40 on December 30, 2002, Shenzhou-4 was successfully launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (launch rocket new long march-2f bundled rocket)

On October 15, 2003, Shenzhou-5, China's first manned spacecraft, was launched with the long march-2f carrier rocket, sending Yang Liwei, China's first astronaut, into space.

At 9:00 on October 12, 2005, Shenzhou-6 was successfully launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.

At 21:10:04 on September 25, 2008, Shenzhou-7 was launched from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.

At 9:39 on June 15, 2010, the long march-2d carrier rocket will be launched on "shijian-12"

Chinese PinYin : Dong Feng Hang Tian Cheng