Bailing Temple

Bailing Temple

Bailing temple is located in Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It was built in the 42nd year of Kangxi (1702 AD). Bailing temple is the sound conversion of dahanbeile temple, also known as wulijitaohai (Jixiang Bay) zhaomiao group. The temple is composed of five main halls, nine pagodas and 36 Tibetan style courtyards, covering a total area of more than 8000 square meters. There are many carved beams, painted buildings and pillars in the halls and towers. On the walls are painted stories of the characters in the Buddhist scriptures. The shapes are vivid and the composition is delicate. The plaque of Guangfu Temple granted by Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty was hung above the main entrance of the Great Buddha Hall.

Brief introduction to temples

According to records, there were more than 1200 lamas at the peak of incense in the temple. Since the construction of Bailing temple, it has been the distribution center of business and materials in Darhan grassland, known as grassland wharf. It is the center of political, economic and Buddhist Lama activities in northern Inner Mongolia. It is also the main traffic route from Monan to Mobei and Xinjiang. It is a place for military strategists.

In February 1936 and November of the same year, the armed Anti Japanese uprising and the battle of Bailing Temple broke out successively, which once shocked China and foreign countries.

There are nine passes in the city of Bailing temple, commonly known as jiulongkou. At the top of the mountain 1 km away from Xikou, there is the Kangxi Yingpan site. It is the place where the Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty led his army to fight against the rebel army in gardan in 1694. Up to now, there are stone dry wells and remnant walls of the military stronghold for tourists to linger.

Since 1963, the bailing temple has become a tourist attraction. In addition to visiting park's majestic temples and historic sites, tourists at home and abroad can also attend the annual Nadam festival in summer.

Bailing temple was built in the 42nd year of Emperor Kangxi (1702 AD). The temple consists of five main halls, nine pagodas and 30 courtyards with Tibetan structure, covering a total area of more than 8000 square meters.

The plaque of Guangfu Temple granted by Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty was hung above the main entrance of the Great Buddha Hall, some of which were similar to the structure of the main hall in the inland palace.

The appearance of the white wall, the top is golden, the interior is carved beams and painted buildings, the design is novel, and the shape is beautiful; some buildings are Tibetan flat top white wall buildings.

Among these buildings, suguqin Hall (Mahavira Hall) is the largest one in the temple. It is a series of three buildings that are lowered step by step. On the top of each hall is a tower shaped "gandir" symbolizing Buddhism and a red copper "gandir" with sun and moon on both sides.

On the prairie, you can see its brilliance and greatness almost dozens of miles away. To the south of suguqin hall is Keri Hall (Sutra Hall), where is the Sutra hall for learning and teaching; to the southeast of Keri hall is zhudebu hall (Mizong Hall) is a hall for lamas to chant sutras and release their wronged souls. Black stones are placed on the top of the hall to suppress them. To the east of suguqin hall is dongke'er Hall (Shilun Hall), which is the Sutra hall for learning Shilun and mathematics department. To the west of suguqin Hall is Menba hall for learning medicine, and to the East is jiruhai hall for studying astronomy. To the west of suguqin hall is the mansion of the ninth Panchen Lama.

The ninth Panchen Lama stayed here from 1934 to 1936.

In addition, among the buildings of the bailing temple, there are two towers, which are like two peaks overlapping jade and standing side by side. There are more than ten small white towers behind the twin towers.

When the temple was first built, there were only a few people in it. When Darhan beljandagumi (reigned from 1708 to 1728), he asked the Qing government to move some lamas from the outer banner, and also accepted some traveling monks.

In 1850, the number of lamas in Bailing Temple reached the peak, about 1500. According to the white lotus beads written by the famous Mongolian Buddhist historian Damodara, there were still more than 700 monks in the temple by the end of the 19th century.

The origin of the temple's name

The origin of orthodoxy

Bailing temple, known as "Guangfu Temple" in Han Dynasty, is located in Bailing temple town, where the joint banner of Darhan maoming'an in Baotou city is located.

Bailing temple is the transliteration of baileyin temple in Mongolian, also known as wulijitaohai (Jixiang Bay) zhaomiao group. The Darhan maoming'an United banner is a combination of the former Qing kharka right wing banner and Maoming anzasak banner. Kalka right wing banner is commonly known as dahanbeile banner. Later, Mongolian people used to call it "baileyin Temple" (baileyin: a Qing Dynasty nobility, under princes and princes, "Yin" is the auxiliary word, equivalent to "de" in Chinese). Han people mistook "baileyin" as "Bailin", and once wrote "Bailin Temple".

The later Mongolian upper class thought that the meaning of the word "Bailin" was not auspicious, so they chose the Chinese word "bailing". From then on, the so-called "baileyin Temple" of the Mongols was shaped into "bailing Temple" in Chinese characters. Because the temple was built in Batu halaga, the Mongolians also commonly called it "Batu halaga Temple".

Beautiful legend

Bailing temple is a homonym for it. Because of the beautiful scenery around the temple, there is a clear river in front of the temple. The grass on both sides of the river is full of nameless wild flowers. When the wind is warm and the sun is beautiful, there are often groups of Bailing birds singing around, so the name of Bailing temple has been handed down.

historical origin

It is located in Bailingmiao Town, Ming'an United banner, Dahan. It was first built in the 42nd year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1703-45th year).

The temple was built by Baile, the right wing banner of kalka (commonly known as Darhan banner), commonly known as Baile temple. It was burned in 1913 and rebuilt in 1924-1927, and some temples still exist.

The main hall is divided into Sutra hall and Buddha Hall, with Xieshan roof; the rooms on both sides are hard mountain buildings. There are two pagodas in front of the temple. Today, the neighborhood has developed into a new grassland town.

After the September 18th Incident, Northeast China and Eastern Inner Mongolia were occupied. The Japanese imperialists pushed forward with an inch and extended the invasion to the west of Inner Mongolia. They chose Dewang, who was active among Mongolian politicians, as their running dog, and sent Japanese spies in all kinds of clothes to the bailing temple for many times.

This public collusion with the Japanese aggressors and the betrayal of national interests caused the opposition of the just Mongolian and Han people. An armed uprising is quietly brewing among his security forces.

On the night of February 21, 1936 (January 29), there was no moon, and there was silence around the bailing temple. Some of the officials of the Mongolian Political Council and the security forces who did not go home gathered around to play cards, while others were lying on the Kang smoking cigarettes and chatting. Ba Zhenyu, the leader of the guard Squadron, is also playing cards around a group of people in his yurt. Everything seems to be the same as usual. The hour of the alarm clock quietly pointed to 11:30. Yun Wei, the instructor, and Yun Jixian and Zhu Shifu, the section chief of the Security Department of the Mongolian Political Council, quietly walked out of the yurt and acted separately according to the pre arrangement.

The battle lasted more than two hours and ended in victory. People from all walks of life came to nanyingpan one after another and met Yun Jixian and Zhu Shifu, who were responsible for persuading Yun Bingzhang, the leader of the South Carolina Squadron, to take part in the uprising. The soldiers were all happy and told each other the thrilling scenes in the battle.

Temple language

The official languages of Bailingmiao town are Mandarin and Mongolian, which are used in formal occasions. However, the Han people in Bailingmiao town use Jin language in their daily life, which belongs to Datong Baotou dialect of Jin language.

festival activities

Nadam Conference

"Nadam meeting" is the largest annual Mongolian sports event. In the middle of summer, many Mongolian yurts were built on the grass beach outside Bailingmiao Town, and herdsmen and horses were riding to attend the meeting.

Nadam, which means "entertainment" or "game" in Mongolian, is a traditional recreational activity of Mongolian people. Nadam has a long history. According to historical records, there were Nadam activities thousands of years ago. In the past, large-scale sacrificial activities were held during the Nadam assembly. The lamas wanted to burn incense, light lamps, chant sutras and praise Buddhas, pray for God's blessing and eliminate disasters. At present, the contents of Nadam conference mainly include wrestling, horse racing, archery, sabulu, horse racing, Mongolian chess and other traditional national events. In some places, there are athletics, tug of war, volleyball, basketball and other sports events. In addition, there are also martial arts, polo, horse riding archery, horse chopping, horse racing walking, horse riding skills, motorcycles and other wonderful performances. The horse participating in the race must have special training. His four feet can't leave the ground at the same time. He can only walk fast and can't run fast.

Horse racing, wrestling and archery are traditional events, which have always been known as Mongolian men's three skills.

horse racing

The Nadam race is different from the general race. The horses must be well prepared. To hang a horse half a month or 20 days ago is to hang the horse high on the stake, eat grass for a certain period of time every day, limit the time for forage and drinking water, and then hang the horse. The purpose is to make the horse lose weight, the horse body become easy, close to the competition, start the trial race, add weight day by day, adapt to the competition.

There are three kinds of horse racing: fast horse, walking horse and bumping horse. There are no saddles in the fast horse race. The race ranges from 5-10km to 20-25km. Riders are generally 8-9 years old and 11-12 years old, and the number of horse racing is basically unlimited. When racing, the owner dressed up his horse, with colorful silk on his mane and tail, and red and green ribbons on his head. During the race, there are cheering people and horses, following the rider forward to promote the horse race.

Wrestling

(Mongolian style)

Chinese PinYin : Bai Ling Miao