nanling national forest park

nanling national forest park

Nanling National Forest Park is the largest nature reserve in Guangdong Province and a treasure house of rare animals and plants. The park is located in the core of Nanling Mountains, at the junction of Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County and Hunan Province. It is 70 kilometers away from Shaoguan City in the southeast, 50 kilometers away from Pingshi town in the north and 10 kilometers away from the exit of Beijing Zhuhai Expressway Bridge in the East, covering an area of 273 square kilometers.

There are more than 2000 kinds of plants here, and there is the only primeval forest in Guangdong. It was established in 1993 with the approval of the Ministry of forestry. It is the center of China's subtropical green broad-leaved forest. A large area of virgin forest here preserves the most complete natural ecosystem. In 2012, Nanling National Forest Park became a national 4A tourist attraction.

Location context

Nanling National Forest Park is located in the north of Guangdong Province, at the junction of Ruyuan County, Yangshan County, Lechang county and Yizhang County of Hunan Province. It is located in the south of the center of Nanling Mountains, adjacent to Hunan Mangshan National Forest Park in the north, county Dadongshan Nature Reserve in the west, Tianjingshan forest farm and Ruyuan nanshaihu reservoir in the south, and Ruyuan Bibei yaozhai in the East. The total area of the park is 273 square kilometers.

Nanling Mountain range is the largest mountain range and an important natural geographical boundary in southern China. It is located at the border of Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous regions.

It is located in the core area of Wuling mountains, and in the south of Dayu mountain, Qitian mountain, dupang mountain, Mengzhu mountain and Yuecheng mountain. About 24 ° 00 ′ - 26 ° 30 ′ n lies between Hunan and Guangxi, Hunan and Guangdong, Jiangxi and Guangdong, and extends eastward to southern Fujian. It is about 600 km long from east to west and 200 km wide from north to south. Nanling is also called Wuling because it is composed of five main mountains: Yuechengling, Dupangling, mengzhuling, Qitianling and Dayuling. They are generally distributed in east-west direction. It is the watershed between the Yangtze River system and the Pearl River system. In a broad sense, Nanling also includes Miaoer mountain, Haiyang mountain, Jiuyi mountain, Xianghualing mountain, Yaoshan mountain and Jiulian Mountain.

geographical environment

topographic features

Nanling National Forest Park is the highest mountain in Guangdong. Shikengkong is the "first peak in Guangdong" at 1902 meters above sea level. Shijiuling is the second peak in Guangdong at 1888 meters above sea level. The surrounding peaks are towering and well distributed. There is the largest area of primeval forest in Guangdong, which is "the land of abundant biodiversity in Lingnan". The trees in the mountains are linked together, and you can't see the edge. The ancient trees grow very high. There are pines, cypresses, green trees, and all kinds of animals in the forest; Nanling Fargesia, all kinds of strange flowers and plants, all over the park. From the foot of the mountain, evergreen broad-leaved forest, coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest and alpine dwarf forest form three vertical landscape belts.

climatic conditions

The vertical distribution of Nanling climate is very obvious, which is suitable for summer. The climate is a typical subtropical temperature and humidity climate. The poor terrain is high, with mountain climate characteristics. The annual average temperature is 17.7 ℃. The highest temperature is 34.4 ℃. The lowest temperature is - 3.6 ℃. The frost period in winter is longer, and the longest year can reach 100 days. When the strong cold air from the north goes down to the south, there will be ice in the mountain area, and there will be snow or snow in some years. The rainfall is abundant, with an average of 1705 mm, and the highest year is 2495 mm; the rainy season begins in March, and the rainfall is concentrated from March to August. The annual average relative humidity is 84, the annual average foggy days is 70 days, the water and heat conditions are superior, suitable for the growth of all kinds of plants. The climate is mild and pleasant. Due to the rainy mountains, the development of surface runoff, the large flow of streams and the large river bed gradient, there are dangerous beaches and waterfalls, and the water resources are rich.

Resources

Mountain resources

Due to many orogenic movements in Nanling area, the magmatic activities in Nanling area are frequent, so the mountains in Nanling area are mostly composed of granite bodies. Therefore, there are many mineral deposits in Nanling Mountain area, especially the non-ferrous metals such as tungsten, tin, aluminum and zinc.

The valley of Nanling is also very distinctive. It is composed of weak bedrock such as red ore rock or cyan limestone. In addition, Nanling is located in the subtropical area of southern China, with high temperature and rainy weather, and obvious rain erosion. The red rocks in the valley are eroded by rain, and many tall and handsome red rocks in Chibi appear. Against the background of subtropical evergreen trees, they form very beautiful scenery, such as Danxia Mountain, Jinyan mountain and Jinjiling mountain in northern Guangdong, Feitian mountain and Bianjiang River in southern Hunan. Because Danxia Mountain is the most typical landscape, it is also called "Danxia landform" by geologists. If the valley is limestone, under the erosion of rain, it develops another landform - karst landform (named after a place in former Yugoslavia).

Biological resources

Nanling National Nature Reserve in Nanling National Forest Park is located in the middle part of Nanling Mountains. Within an area of 552.64 ㎞ 2, there are 206 species of bryophytes, 188 species of pteridophytes, 29 species and 1 variety of gymnosperms, 2109 species and 81 varieties of angiosperms. There are more than 2000 species of ferns in China, 441 species in North America and 175 species in Europe. Pine, cypress, Magnolia and other species with ancient origins are particularly rich. There are more than 340 species of butterflies in Nanling National Nature Reserve of Guangdong Province (more than 1200 species in China and 679 species in North America). There are four species of Wild Endangered ferns in Nanling National Nature Reserve of Guangdong Province: Alsophila spinulosa (gradually endangered), big black Alsophila spinulosa (gradually endangered), small black Alsophila spinulosa (gradually endangered), black Alsophila spinulosa (gradually endangered).

There are 35 species of wild rare and endangered seed plants in the reserve, accounting for 52.2% of the total number of rare and endangered plants in Guangdong. Among them, there are two endangered species: dicotyledon longipectus, conidia australis; 20 endangered species: Cephalotaxus fortunei, Fokienia hodginsii, horseshoe ginseng, chaguahong, Pinus thunbergii (Pinus cantonensis), Tsuga chinensis, Tsuga longibracteata, Amentotaxus fortunei, Illicium verum, Cinnamomum camphora, Glycine soja, myxoxylon, Magnolia officinalis, pseudo parthenocarpy Magnolia Ledong, Toona sinensis, Cinnamomum cassia, Coptis breviflora, Morinda officinalis (Morinda officinalis), There are 13 rare species: Taxus chinensis, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Bole tree, yongbanteng, sightseeing tree, Cymbidium, Camellia sinensis, Yunnan Shizi, Diaopi cone, Banfenghe, Yinque tree, yinzhonghua, Qingtan.

The animals in the nature reserve belong to the first level of national protection, including bear monkey, clouded leopard, leopard, South China tiger, black deer and sika deer; the second level protection includes macaque, Tibetan chieftain, pangolin, jackal, black bear, green weasel, otter, small clawed otter, spotted beaver, big civet, small civet, golden cat, forest musk deer, muntjac, water deer, Sumen antelope and impala, with more resources, such as muntjac, red deer and Chuanshan There is a significant decrease in the number of beetles and otters; the species that can be seen sometimes in the past, such as forest musk deer, Banling, South China tiger, leopard, jackal, black bear, etc., are rarely found; some species that have been recorded in the area or peripheral areas, such as sika deer, muntjac, black muntjac, bear monkey, etc., among which South China tiger, Banling, leopard, sika deer, etc., are on the verge of extinction.

The birds in the reserve belong to the first-class national protection, including yellow bellied horned pheasant and white necked long tailed pheasant; the second-class national protection includes yellow billed egret, mandarin duck, crested falcon, kite, brown eared hawk, red bellied hawk, crested hawk, songque hawk, common buzzard, eagle eagle, grey eyelidd Buzzard Hawk, white bellied Mountain Eagle, snake eagle, small falcon, peregrine falcon, swallow falcon, kestrel, Silver Pheasant, spoon chicken, green dove, Banwei cuckoo dove and brown wing Crow cuckoo, little crow cuckoo, Grass Owl, millet owl, collar owl, carved owl, collar owl, ban tou owl, eagle owl, brown forest owl, grey forest owl, short eared owl, etc.

The insects in the reserve belong to the first level of national protection, such as Papilio aureus, and the long arm scarab.

The species diversity of the reserve is rich, which is related to the geographical environment of Nanling. In the process of biological evolution, in the late Paleozoic, the Cathaysian region was in a warm and humid climate and shallow sea, which was conducive to the evolution and development of terrestrial organisms, forming a lush Cathaysian flora; in the Mesozoic, the south of Qinling Dabie Mountains maintained a tropical climate, becoming the center of gymnosperms' prosperity, angiosperms' formation and development, and playing an important role in the development of reptiles During the third period of Cenozoic, the south of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau Nanling Wuyi area maintained the tropical climate and environment, and became the center of the evolution and development of thermophilic and hygrophilic organisms. Mammals developed rapidly in the early period of the third period, and became one of the development centers of ancient ape and ape man in the late period of the third period, providing important information for the study of human origin, Nanling and Lingnan became the refuges of thermophiles, which played an important role in the evolution of modern mammals of tropical origin and the development of human beings.

Main attractions

Xiaohuangshan scenic spot

Xiaohuangshan is 1600 meters above sea level, and its peak is Rufeng. The largest "Guangdong pine" virgin forest in the world is preserved here. In winter, you can see the unique ice hanging and rime landscape in South China. The most peculiar thing about Guangdong pine is that the color of its leaves changes with the seasons. It is verdant in spring and summer, and pink and blue in winter. At the viewing platform at the entrance of xiaohuangshan, there is a famous "welcoming pine". Throughout the year, it stands on the peak wall and stretches its hospitable arms to welcome the guests.

Main attractions: Guangdong Yingke pine, LIANLI pine forest, cloud and fog, Buddha light on the peak, Rufeng.

Waterfalls

Waterfall group is the largest natural waterfall group in South China, with a large number, scale and altitude. The waterfall originates from facailing, the second peak of Guangdong Province (1888 meters above sea level), and falls down in the deep valley with a drop of nearly 500 meters, forming nearly 100 large waterfalls

Chinese PinYin : Nan Ling Guo Jia Sen Lin Gong Yuan