Tang Fengling

Fengling

synonym

Fengling in Tang Dynasty generally refers to Fengling

Fengling, the tomb of emperor Shunzong Li and empress Zhuangxian of Tang Dynasty, is located in the Yang of jinweng mountain, about 20 kilometers northeast of Fuping County, Shaanxi Province. Because the mountain is a mausoleum, it is 20 kilometers around the mausoleum area, and 26 kilometers northeast of Qiaoling of emperor Ruizong of Tang Dynasty. On August 6, 1956, Shaanxi Province announced as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units; on June 25, 2001, the State Council announced as the fifth batch of key cultural relics protection units in China.

geographical position

Fengling, Shunzong of Tang Dynasty, is located in jinweng mountain (also known as Hutou mountain) 20 kilometers northeast of Fuping County, Shaanxi Province.

Features of Mausoleum

Shunzong Lisong was one of the shortest emperors in the Tang Dynasty, with a small mausoleum. Due to the changes of history and the destruction of natural factors, there are few architectural relics in Fengling cemetery. There were 1 pair of stone lions outside the four gates of the inner city, 10 pairs of stone men, 5 pairs of stone horses, 1 pair of ostrich, 1 pair of winged horse and 1 pair of Huabiao outside the Zhuque gate, and 3 pairs of stone horses outside the Xuanwu Gate. Now it's completely destroyed. But there is a remnant watch outside the rosefinch gate. It is octagonal and covers the top of lotus beads. It is 3.71 meters high and 0.38 meters wide. On the other side, there are 1 lions, 1.75 meters high, and most of them are buried underground. * 2 horses are fighting horses, and 1 are stone lions outside the west gate. There is also a stone tablet named "Fengling of Shunzong of Tang Dynasty" erected by Bi Yuan, governor of Qing Dynasty. According to local people, during the cultural revolution, Fengling Xuangong tunnel was excavated for more than 10 meters, and most of the stone carvings were damaged.

Comments on Shunzong

Among the emperors of the Tang Dynasty, Shunzong was one with distinct characteristics.

The first is the longest time to be the crown prince. Shunzong was established as the crown prince by his eldest son. Because his father Dezong had been in power for a long time, he had been the crown prince for 26 years.

Second, the shortest time in office. During Shunzong's reign, he did not spend a new year as emperor. In the new year when he ascended the throne, he was already emperor. In sum, Shunzong's reign was less than 200 days, and he was the shortest in the whole imperial system of the Tang Dynasty. (the Tang Long regime after Zhongzong was not included in the imperial system of the Tang Dynasty, so it was ignored.)

Thirdly, Shunzong was emperor in such a short time. This is not only the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, but also the fastest emperor in history to play the role of supreme emperor.

Fourth, the title of Yongzhen was changed after he abdicated. Shunzong abdicated as the supreme emperor on August 4, the 21st year of Zhenyuan (805). Although the succeeding emperor Xianzong did not hold the ceremony until August 9, he was already the supreme emperor when he changed the name of the first year of Zhenyuan to Yongzhen on August 5.

Fifth, the imperial concubines of Shunzong had no imperial concubines. The title of empress in their history books was added many years later. This is because Shunzong was in power for a short time, so he didn't have time to be canonized. Interestingly, although Shunzong's concubines didn't have the names of empress and imperial concubines, they were all granted the title of empress and imperial concubines directly from Liangdi and Liangyuan when they were the crown prince.

Sixth, empress Zhuang Xian's Wang family is a talented person of his ancestors. In Daizong's reign, Wang was selected as the son of a good family into the palace. Daizong gave her to Shunzong, who was still in the palace, because she was young (at the age of 13). First she was a Ruren, then she was the prince Liangdi. She is the biological mother of Xianzong. Seventh, there are many sons. Shunzong has 27 sons (the biography of Shunzong's sons in the old book of the Tang Dynasty says that he has 23 sons, according to the new book of the Tang Dynasty). Apart from being slightly inferior to Xuanzong, who has 30 sons, other emperors with 20 sons, such as Daizong and Xianzong, are hard to match. The strangest thing is that Shunzong himself had a son who was adopted as a son because he was liked by his father, Dezong. This is Li, the sixth son of Dezong. Therefore, Shunzong and his son by blood became "brothers". After the death of 18-year-old Li in the 15th year of Zhenyuan (799), Dezong made a posthumous gift to Prince Wenjing. Eighth, during Shunzong's reign, he left an indescribable innovation movement for later generations. In history, it was called "Er Wang Ba Si Ma" event, and later it was also called "Yongzhen innovation".

Ninth, among all the Tang Emperors, only he left a complete record of Shunzong. The book consists of five volumes. The author is Han Yu, a great literary scholar who is known as the decline of eight generations. Some people think that the author Han Yu has a close relationship with eunuch Ju Wenzhen and so on, so the words about Eunuch in this record are mostly recollected, but after all, it is a first-hand record about Shunzong and its related period, which is precious.

Tenth, the number of posthumous titles added for the first time is the most: the great sage of Zhide, the emperor of daanxiao. Taizong's first posthumous title is "Emperor Wen", which is one word posthumous title. Gaozu's first posthumous title is "emperor Dawu", which is two word posthumous title. Later, when the emperor of Tang Dynasty first added the posthumous title, it was often four character posthumous title, and then five character posthumous title. At the end of Tang Dynasty, there was Yizong's posthumous title "Ruiwen Zhaosheng Gonghui Xiaodi", which was seven character posthumous title. There were seven characters in the first posthumous title, and Shunzong was the first. "The name is the symbol of merit", which is used to express merit and virtue. However, what is the significance of this long posthumous title for Shunzong, who was in power for a very short time! In every aspect of Shunzong's life, whether he accepted his grandfather's talent to become his own concubine, or gave his own son to his father as his son, whether he was hidden as the crown prince, or eliminated the current malpractice after he ascended the throne, whether in the face of his father's bias towards Li Yi, or his son's aggression against him, whether the eunuch forced him to elect him Whether he was in the ninth five-year plan or the supreme emperor, he was always at ease with the situation, and he could hardly see what kind of competition he had ever had. Therefore, to be able to face the reality, to be able to face the political reality, is really the most obvious and good side of Shunzong's life.

Shunzong's deeds

Shunzong was appointed the crown prince in December of the 14th year of Dali (779) when his father Dezong ascended the throne. In the second year, in the first month of the first year of Jianzhong (780), Shunzong prepared the ceremony book. In the 21st year of Zhenyuan (805), on the 23rd day of the first month of the reign of emperor Dezong, on the 24th day of the reign, he officially ascended the throne on the 26th day of the first month. In this way, Shunzong had been the crown prince for 25 years. According to the custom at that time, it was 26 years.

Shunzong's life before he was made Prince, we only know that he was canonized as king Xuan, and there are not many other records about him in history. Shunzong was already 19 years old when he was elected the crown prince. At this time, he was a new father. In February of the 13th year of Dali (778), his eldest son, Li Chun, was born.

In his 26 years as crown prince, he experienced the chaos and flames of the rebellion in the vassal towns, and also heard and witnessed the strife and criticism of the court ministers. He gradually became mature in politics. The evaluation of him in historical books is: "benevolence, filial piety, generosity, benevolence and good judgment." He was very interested in all kinds of Arts and learning, and also dabbled in Buddhist classics. He was good at writing, especially at clerical script. Every time Dezong wrote a poem and gave it to the minister and the Jiedushi of Fangzhen, he must have ordered the prince to write it. It is particularly praiseworthy that during the "change of Jingshi" in the fourth year of Jianzhong (783), when Shunzong fled with the emperor to avoid chaos, in the more than 40 days of Fengtian defense war, in the face of the advance of Zhu's rebel forces, he often banned his troops and took the city to resist the enemy. Under his supervision and encouragement, all the officers and soldiers fought bravely to win the battle of Mukden and ensure the safety of the escaped emperor Dezong.

Although Shunzong's life as the crown prince was not as tortuous as that of the early Tang Dynasty, he was often dismissed, but the prison of Princess Gao in August of the third year of Zhenyuan (787) almost pushed him to the abyss of extinction. Here's the thing: Princess Gao is the daughter of suzong, and a daughter born to her son-in-law Xiao Sheng is Shunzong's concubine when she was the crown prince. Relying on her special status, Princess Gao was free to enter and leave the eastern palace. After Xiao Sheng's death, she lived a dissolute life. She not only had an intimate relationship with Sima Li Wan of Pengzhou, but also had secret contacts with some officials, such as Prince Zhan Shi Li Min and Shuzhou Biejia Xiao Ding. If it's just personal life, it's not a big deal for the royal family in Tang Dynasty. However, some people denounced Princess Gao's "lechery", and at the same time, they also denounced that she was disgusted with witchcraft, which offended the emperor. Hearing this, Dezong was very angry. Because it involved the crown prince, Dezong immediately found him and criticized him severely. Shunzong was censured by his father, so he followed the old trick of suzong when he was the crown prince in Tianbao years and asked for a divorce from concubine Xiao. After the incident, Dezong initiated the idea of abolishing the crown prince and establishing Li Yi, the king of Shu, and summoned Li Bi, an old minister of the former dynasty who was then the prime minister, into the palace to discuss.

King Shu is the son of Li Miao (Prince Zhaojing), the younger brother of Dezong. Because Li Miao died early, Dezong adopted him and regarded him as his own son. Li mi thought that it was improper for the emperor to give up his own son and set up a nephew instead, which made Dezong very angry. Li mi gave him a detailed list of the experiences and lessons of abolishing the crown prince since Zhenguan, analyzed Emperor Taizong's caution in abolishing the crown prince and suzong's regret for killing King Jianning because of his impatience, and advised him to take the past as a warning and never act too hastily. Li Mi's words moved Dezong and eventually saved Shunzong's crown prince.

Soon after, Princess Gao was imprisoned by Dezong and died in 790. Li

Chinese PinYin : Tang Feng Ling