Bahe guild hall

Located at 177 Enning Road, Liwan District, Bahe guild is the guild of Cantonese opera artists. Last year, as the old building of "Bahe guild hall" was in disrepair, enthusiasts from all walks of life raised nearly 500000 yuan to rebuild the house. Due to the limited funds, the guild hall has been rebuilt on the first floor of the building, which covers an area of more than 100 square meters. In the first floor, master Hua Guang and second division Tian Dou, the originator of Cantonese opera, have set up a small stage for enthusiasts.

Bahe guild hall

Bahe guild hall is a guild organization of Cantonese Opera Tongren founded by Kuang Xinhua, dujiaoying, Lin Zhi and other Cantonese opera artists. This guild hall strengthened the unity of the people in the opera industry, ensured the normal operation of the troupe, and resumed the troupe business after the lifting of the ban on Cantonese Opera in the Qing Dynasty. Shortly after the establishment of Bahe guild hall, Xue juexian, Ma Shizeng, GUI Mingyang, Ren Jianhui, Bai Xuexian, Luo pinchao, Chen Xiaofeng and Lin Xiaoqun all joined the hall, later known as "Bahe children". At that time, the cost of building Bahe guild hall was raised by the whole bank after deducting the salary by holding a benefit show during the closing period of the leap month every year. In addition, all members need to pay a silver one or two as a "gold.".

Historical evolution

In 1889, the hall of eight harmonies was built on the Waterfront Street in Huangsha, Guangzhou. The hall is divided into eight halls for the accommodation of Cantonese opera artists: Zhaohe hall, Qinghe hall, Fuhe hall, Xinhe hall, Yonghe hall, Dehe hall, Shenhe hall and Puhe hall. Baihetang means the harmony of all sides and the unity of one mind; different professions are arranged to live in different sub halls. Xiaosheng, Zhengsheng and Dahua masks are in zhaohetang. Erhuamian and Liufen live in qinghetang. Huadan lives in fuhetang. The clown is in Shinho hall. Wu Sheng is in Yonghe hall. Wu Junhu and his martial artists are in Dehe hall. The one who receives and sells plays is shenhetang. The musicians on the shelf are in puhetang. Because there are a lot of staff, the Bahe guild hall is equipped with a convenient place (medical room), a nursing home, a other place (arranging things after death), a primary school, and Heyi company (theater box line). Eight and the total number of members of the hall, the management system continues to improve. In the later stage, the president system was implemented, and the presidents of all walks of life were elected by the whole staff. Today, the president will still be elected regularly.

System establishment

At the end of 1947, the re-election was held. At that time, Zheng Bingguang, the son-in-law of the owner of liangyixuan drugstore, wanted to be the president. He was a wusheng and the leader of the group. The president of the Bahe guild hall has always been able to be a person with "great wealth, great reputation and old qualifications". I (Huang Junwu) was only 37 years old at that time, and the conditions were not enough. But because I didn't get involved in the factional struggle, I had a good relationship with all aspects of the industry, and got the support of my master Bai Yutang, Bai Ju Rong and other older actors. I remember that the election venue was in Taiping theater at that time. Zheng Bingguang had a group of thugs, and I also had my group of people, such as Li Pengfei of Guangzhou Cantonese opera company, who followed me to protect me. There were more than 2000 people present at the election, and I was elected president of Bahe guild hall by more than 1800 votes. At the beginning, its full name was "Guangdong Bahe Cantonese Opera Association". However, Li Yanliang, inspector general of the Municipal Police Bureau, Li dexuan of the machine trade union and the social Bureau intervened and thought that it could not be called "Guangdong Bahe Cantonese Opera Association". Because it was not a worker's organization, it was changed into "Guangdong Bahe Cantonese Opera workers' congress" in 1948 and was under the control of the social Bureau. At that time, Zhu Ruiyuan, the social director, also personally asked about the work of the guild hall. After the liberation of Guangzhou, in September 1951, the "eight harmony guild hall" was handed over to the Guangzhou Federation of trade unions and the "literary workers union" was established.

After the establishment of Bahe guild hall, the president system was implemented. The first president is Kuang Dianqing. Jiqing office used to be Jiqing hall, which was in charge of four townships to invite and buy operas. The troupes hang water cards (also known as bills) in the Jiqing public office, such as the actors and the first plays in the class. All those who order plays go through the Jiqing office to make a contract, which stipulates that they will perform on a certain day, a certain month and a certain year, and guarantee that they will be responsible for the performance and that they will not owe any money. The deposit will not be opened until after the performance. The commission charged by the company is 2% and the booking party and the troupe each pay 1%. If there are some villages and towns that are in arrears with the payment of the opera money, they will list it in the public office and make it clear that they will not perform any more in order to show their refusal. Jiqing office is mainly a middleman. After the establishment of Bahe guild hall, the rules were also implemented.

At that time, although the guild hall was a president system, it was also very democratic. There was a meeting booth to study and formulate relevant rules. The management should also make a contract with the actor. 2% of the salary should be paid to the Bahe guild hall as a membership fee to ensure that the management does not owe the salary, and the actor is not allowed to "spend money" (escape or jump to another class). As a result, the income from membership dues of Bawa is huge. For those troupes and actors who can't come back because of going out to perform or accidents, the Bahe guild is responsible for sending them back to Guangzhou. The experts call them "Youshui". At that time, these things often happened in small theatrical troupes. In addition, some people who are sick and can't perform or come back from other accidents, who report to Bahe guild hall, also try to make them return to Guangzhou, even if they owe money, they can also pay for it. These rights and obligations are also the rules of the trade. After the Republic of China, the fiscal revenue was very sufficient, and the welfare was almost the same, until the Anti Japanese war.

The relationship between master and apprentice of an actor requires three world classes (one for six years), that is to say, a famous actor with 18 years of service can only accept apprentices, so it is very rare. But there are not enough three. The master and apprentice made a contract that they would thank the master for six years after becoming famous, and "if there are high mountains and low waters, they should be willing to fight and scold.". The contract is signed by the apprentice and the elder (father, mother or elder brother) of the apprentice. It is also stamped with a finger mold and the seal of Bahe guild hall. The guild will give the apprentice a red envelope. Although the conditions were harsh, there were a lot of people learning at that time. This kind of background is called the original class background, and has a better value. The other is set up by the old artists who can't perform, but they are not restricted by the Bahe guild hall. The experts call it "jiantouguan". After the apprentices have completed their studies, they have to go to the guild hall to set up a teacher's appointment. For a few years, Xie's appointment will be discussed by the apprentices, and there will be no restrictions on the number of years. There is also a small class, teaching only dozens of people, by the squire or with public money to invite a few old artists to teach. As far as I know, such as "Cainan song", "little hero", "yuequnying" and so on. These requirements are also very strict, but not as good as the original class background have more opportunities to practice.

The guild hall stipulates that a large class should have at least 63 actors, 11 to 13 musicians, nine clothes and ten miscellaneous items. But there are also fifty-six people in the big class. It is stipulated that only 16 big red bars (boxes) can be called big class. There are only twelve or eight in half class. There are also "four two suits" of a, B, C and D, as well as "roller coaster class". There is no suitcase, only ordinary costumes, which are packed with round baskets, also known as "round baskets class".

There are three wusheng, four Xiaowu, nine Huadan, one Gongjiao, one dahuamian, one erhuamian, three Laosheng, one Zhengsheng, one Zhengdan (who plays laodan), three Xiaosheng, three chousheng, six daguaren, four Liufen, four Lala, four Dajia, four Madan, four subordinates and four Tangdan in the big class. This is the minimum requirement. There can only be more, not less.

There are more actors. In the past, it took a long time to perform. The original play was performed from 1:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. after a rest, it was performed from 8:00 p.m. to daybreak. In the 1920's, there were still some theatrical performances in the sky. Generally, the famous actors appeared only after the lights were lit, and then they were "in their early 30s", and they were starred by ordinary actors after midnight.

On the first night of the performance or the first night of the Lunar New Year's day, it is necessary to play "the Prime Minister of the six Kingdoms". In the original version, it is necessary to play "the Jade Emperor ascends the palace". The experts are called "Kaicha" and "Tianji sees off her son" (shengfengxiang and diekaicha must have so many actors to cope with them).

"Fengxiang" has its origin. In the Qing Dynasty, Liu Huadong, a founder of Fengge, made up the Kun Opera jinyinji. Generally speaking, he first performed "Bi Tian He Shou" and then "Feng Xiang of six countries". Later, "Fengxiang" was also used as a review to show the number and talent of the class.

Club facilities

After the establishment of Bahe guild hall, Jiqing hall was set up, which is a disguised form of the original Jiqing hall. At that time, there was Qingyun Lane in the middle of Bahe guild hall, which was Jiqing office. On the left side of Bahe hall, there are eight halls. Dushen hall is moved to Jiqing residence. Behind it are "rest house" and "home for the aged" (for old artists without children). There is also a god building, where Li Congshan's God card (Spirit card) is placed. On the lintel of the guild hall, there is a large stone engraved with "eight harmonies guild hall", behind which there is a large patio. Behind the two corridors, there is a Grandmaster, and there are "master Huaguang". There are two palace seats on both sides, and four red sticks on both sides. According to Ren Junsan, it was originally for the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, and Waijiang Liyuan guild hall and even the Shanghai Federation of actors and actresses also for the emperor of the Tang Dynasty In the early days of the period, the temple was burned (the temple was on Jiaoyu Road, near the southern theater). On that night, a senior artist named "bengyaqi" saved many people and died for himself. At that time, the artists also set up theatrical sheds to perform in the countryside, and some of them were burned. It is said that Hua Guang is the God of fire, so he worships Hua Guang as his ancestor. Hua Guang seems to have been donated by the master of Nanhai county at that time. Because the site of Bahe is Nanhai County, and the guild hall was established with the approval of the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, the county officials of Nanhai County donated the statues. When they joined the gang, they put on their costumes and carried them in eight sedan chairs. Later, it became a common practice for the Wuda family to set up "luanyu hall". They carried all the Huaguang birthday tournaments to meet the gods. Luanyu hall is a private organization belonging to a small number of people in Dehe hall. The dragon card of the God says that the full title of the God is "namun AMI Huaguang game Shinto Buddha", which is different from the Huaguang appellation of other temples. Other temples are mostly called

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